Commonwealth of Nations: mazita munyika

Commonwealth of Nations - Association of Independent States, izvo zvinosanganisira Britain uye vakawanda unoriumba vabati, misha uye protectorates. Countries zvake ari Union, havana simba rezvematongerwe enyika pamusoro mumwe nomumwe. nheyo dzaro wakaradzikwa muna 1887, muna 1926 vakatanga kushandisa Balfour Declaration uye enshrined Commonwealth chinzvimbo December 11, 1931 (murau Westminster). Pashure izvo Commonwealth yakanga yakafanana pamwe munyika, pamwe chete UK pachako mubatanidzwa.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Hwaro wakaradzikwa ari XIX remakore uye mukutanga thirties pakati XX-fung remakore rakazoshandiswa murau nokududza kodzero Member State of sangano. Maererano gwaro muna 1931, UK mambo ndiye musoro wose nyika kubvuma mutemo Westminster uye nhengo British Commonwealth of Nations.

Panguva imwe chete, gwaro ndiye ari pamutemo pakati vabati, uyewo vashanda panzvimbo zvinogadzirisa Misangano muna 1926 uye 1930. Somugumisiro, mashoko ushe zvaizivikanwa of facto akazvimiririra inoti, kuenzana chose pamwe Britain, mitemo England uye vaisagona anoshanda kwavari pasina zvavo mvumo.

Muna 1947, zvinhu zvakachinja pamwe kuchinja India mugomba Republican nyika, uye matambudziko kukundikana kuziva yokuBritain mambo musoro wehurumende aifanira akanyatsosiyana adzokorore zvinokosha yeidzi. Kushandura zita uye chinangwa sangano - zvazova chokutanga zvokuyamura mishoni, zvirongwa zvedzidzo, etc ...

Pari zvinosanganisirei Commonwealth munyika marudzi (nhamba 53) kuratidza yakasiyana kusvika kune hurumende utariri. Izvi, chete 16 - Commonwealth oUmambo, vanoziva kuti British Queen Elizabeth II Musoro State.

States mukati mubatanidzwa

The nzira kuti huripo zvinomboitika XXI remakore kwave refu. State anobatana nokubuda chokubatana nhengo iri yakaturikwa ndokutangazve (kunyanya yokufananidzira muenzaniso pano Fiji, ane nhengo yambomiswa nokuda mubatanidzwa matambudziko hweruzhinji munyika) ake.

Zvisinei Process achiri kuenda, achiumba uye kuchinja Commonwealth ano. The pamazita munyika unopiwa maererano mashoko mukuru Website:

• Antigua uye Barbuda;
• Bangladesh;
• Botswana;
• Canada;
• Fiji (adzorerwa wenguva nhengo kubva September 26, 2014);
• Guyana;
• Kenya;
• Malawi;
• Marita;
• Namibia;
• Nigeria;
• Rwanda;
• Seychelles;
• Solomon Islands;
• Saint Kitts uye Nevis;
• Tonga;
• Uganda;
• Vanuatu;
• Australia;
• Barbados;
• Brunei;
• Cyprus;
• Ghana;
• India;
• Kiribati;
• Malaysia;
• Mauritius;
• Nauru;
• Pakistan;
• St. Lucia;
• Sierra Leone;
• South Africa;
• Saint Vincent uye Grenadines;
• Trinidad Zimbabwe;
• United Kingdom;
• Zambia;
• Bahamas;
• Belize;
• Cameroon;
• Dominica;
• Grenada;
• Jamaica;
• Lesotho;
• Maldives;
• Mozambique;
• New Zealand;
• Papua New Guinea;
• Samoa;
• Singapore;
• Sri Lanka;
• Swaziland;
• Tuvalu;
• Tanzania.

Vanobatanidzwa Commonwealth of Nations zvakabatanidzwa kwete chete zvibvumirano uye zvokuridzira, asiwo patsika uye pakutaura: munyika 11, Chirungu mumwe wemitauro pamutemo, uye mune mamwe 11 - chete mutauro unonyanya.

Hurumende of Commonwealth of Nations

Sezvinotaurwa pamutemo Website, ndiko chokuzvidira kushamwaridzana kunyika vane tsika dzakafanana. Queen Elizabeth II ndiyo musoro British Commonwealth of Nations (ndandanda nhengo kunyika sangano iri rimwe remasangano munyika) pamutemo, magetsi Executive utariri chinopa Secretariat.

Chimiro kudzorwa nokuparadzirwa mukati Union sezvinotevera: 32 inoti vari chinoda, 5 - National umambo, uye 16 vanoziva musoro British Queen, rinomiririrwa munyika imwe neimwe naGavhuna General. Zvisinei, hazvina kuita chinhu chakarongwa mabasa kana mabasa.

Business

Vanoumba ari Commonwealth of Nations nyika pamazita zvinoorora - hurumende rakakamurwa zvakasiyana mumapoka mana, maererano World Bank kupatsanura (chepamusoro ari yoku- gore negore kuratidza chakakomba National paminiti capita variritire rapfuura gore). Izvi, 11 dzakakwirira mari, 14 - rokumusoro-pakati mari, 18 - pazasi paavhareji, uye 10 - rakadzika-IRR.

Union nyika vari kutungamirira maindasitiri dzakawanda munyika yose: pakati mienzaniso - remigodhi nematombo anokosha uye nesimbi, mashoko rwokugadzira uye ushanyi.

paumbwe Commonwealth

Nyika yokutanga, nhengo sangano vaiva United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa. Ivo akabatana Commonwealth of Nations muna 1931. Pakistan uye India akabatana Union muna 1947. Sri Lanka - muna 1948. Pamwe chete, zvinoumba pakarongwa nyika - mukuru nhengo nokuwadzana.

Muna 1957 vakanga vakabatana Ghana.

Munguva sixties, British Commonwealth of Nations akagashira chinhu Kuwedzera itsva: Mubatanidzwa akabatana Nigeria (1960), Sierra Leone uye Tanzania (1961), Uganda (1962), Kenya (1963), Zambia (1964 ). Next - Guyana, Botswana uye Lesotho (1966), Swaziland (1968)

Bangladesh akabatana kushamwaridzana muna 1972, Papua New Guinea - 1975

Uye, pakupedzisira, rinopedzisa mazita kunyika Namibia (1990), Mozambique uye Cameroon (1995), Rwanda (2009)

uwandu hwevanhu

In mashoko vagari Commonwealth of Nations ane vanhu mabhiriyoni 2,2. Expectedly kutungamirira India - mamiriyoni 1236,7. Kure shure nayo panenge chete vanochiva Pakistan, Bangladesh uye Nigeria - mamiriyoni 179,2 uye 168,8 mamiriyoni uye mamiriyoni 154,7 azvaitwa. Munzvimbo chechina, oddly zvakakwana, United Kingdom (zvose nhamba uye mashoko anotorwa kubva pamutemo Website of Commonwealth) - vagari vemo maererano achangobuda nenhamba vanhu mamiriyoni 62,8 kubva.

Huge pamusoro nzvimbo Canada inoremekedzwa yose 34.8 mamiriyoni, uye yakaoma Australia muridzi vanhu mamiriyoni 23.1.

Health uye upenyu anotarisirwa

Asi munda utano uye kugara zvakanaka zvose zvinofanira kutarisirwa - soro avhareji youpenyu hunotarisira mu Australia uye Singapore (82), Canada uye New Zealand (81 gore), muUK, Cyprus uye Marita (makore 80). Pakupedzisira Sierra Leone - makore 45 chete (sekune 2012).

The nyika chete inotungamirira pamusoro revana uye mucheche vanofa, uyewo madzimai (sekune 2010-2012.). Nepo Sierra Leone - nyika pamwe chete chemhando yokuberekwa prices muna Commonwealth.

Mozambique uye Rwanda

Kwemakumi emakore, isu wakatora mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo nemamwe magwaro yokudzora mabasa kushamwaridzana kuti zvinokwanisika kuti haukwanisi. A chete gwaro, uyewo bumbiro, kwete. The hwaro mukova ndiye ukama United Kingdom - inoenda nhengo iri Commonwealth yakazaruka kumugariro misha, protectorates uye kutonga. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu, kwakanga kunze maviri: Mozambique, aimbova Portuguese Colony, uye Rwanda, aimbova muhutongi Belgium uye Germany.

Wokutanga wavo - mumwe varombo vokupedzisira munyika zvenyika. Mozambique - nhengo mamiriro ari Commonwealth of Nations "nokusarurama, asi nenyasha." Akapinda pashure yose vavakidzani, nhengo kushamwaridzana kunge akakumbira accession pakati Mozambique (iyi ndiyo imwe dzidziso).

Background iri sezvinotevera: pashure rusununguko muna 1975, kuchinja zvikuru rakaitwa uye akadzinga ruzhinji Portuguese kugara. hondo yevagari yakatanga, achiperekedzwa yakanyanya vaifira pakati yevagari uye yokutama vakawanda vapoteri.

Hondo chete muna 1992 - hazvishamisi kuti nyika yakanga kuderera. Nhengo iri Commonwealth rose kunobatsira hurumende - ichi ichokwadi kunyange Rwanda, iyewo akakwanisa kupukunyuka dzakaoma (kusanganisira kwedzinza).

Basa uye nezvinangwa pachinhu nhengo dzayo

Nhasi, nhengo British Commonwealth of Nations vari kushanda nenzira mbiri - kusimudzira misimboti dzemunharaunda kuzvitonga uye kukurudzira budiriro. Ndicho chechipiri pakukura, mushure United Nations, dzakawanda kubatana. Chirungu chinoita inokosha zvikuru rokubatanidza basa, kunyanya iye zvino kuti mutauro kwava nzira yokutengeserana pakukurukurirana.

Britain nedzimwe dzakabudirira dziri kuitwa kuumbwa zviri Union kuti siyana zvokuyamura mishoni, achatsigira zveupfumi uye dzimwe nharaunda. Kunyange pamutemo zvose Commonwealth nhengo inoti zviri akazvimirira, rubatsiro rwakadaro kunoita kuti mugumisiro tarega kune vaya vanoda izvozvo.

Basa UK mukati Union

Munhau yose, kubva paumbwe shamwari uye zvakare, basa UK uye mafungiro kuti mubatanidzwa uyu zvakachinja. In yokutanga yezana XX-fung remakore, zvakanzi anotaurwa kwete chete sezvo British Empire. Nokufamba kwenguva, mutemo kukoshesa kunge zvava EU divi rakatarira vaizotibata chaizvo. Zvisinei, muna yezvichangobva kuitika muna EU, pfungwa nokusimbaradza uye kugadzira ukama vangatarira kuwedzera anoyevedza, vakapiwa sei zvakadzama mazita akaita Commonwealth inoti.

Kutsigira Chokwadi ichi inogona kududzirwa uye British maitiro kurutivi Australia. Munyika ino, vatsigiri Republican chehurumende vane simba zvikuru chinzvimbo, uye kutaura pamusoro kushaya kubva Commonwealth kurira dzose.

Kushanyira Australia nhengo dzemhuri British youmambo, uyewo muchato muna 2011 pakati Prince William uye Keyt Middlton vakaita basa rokurera mukurumbira pamusoro Windsor dzinza. Kuziviswa pamusoro 2011 Mitsara British vamiriri, kushanya ava vasanyanya mukana chokuchinja Australia kupinda zvokuvhoterwa munguva yemberi iri pedyo.

Shanya Queen Elizabeth II uye Prince William, zvisinei, uyewo youmambo muchato stoked kufarira vokuAustralia, machinda akati rokuAustralia munzanga ramangwana achaedza kutiza dzamambokadzi simba, kunyange kana simba iri chete yokufananidzira.

Mumashoko, kuti FCO akataura kuti wevanotungamirira kuchinja munyika zvakaita kuti zvinoderedza nhamba vagari uyo sezvineiwo vanonzwa kubatana kwavo England. Panguva iyoyowo, hombe chikamu VOKUPARIDZIRA anotenda kuti kugadzwa zvokuvhoterwa - chinhu chinokosha Danho iri paumbwe hurumende.

Zvisinei, vamwe munyika yose Commonwealth of Nations, kutsigira pfungwa pedyo pamwe. vaitaura akadaro kare vakaratidza, asi haana kugamuchira ruzhinji rutsigiro nokuda nezvokunetseka pamberi paakaenda vavariro yeUnited Kingdom.

The ndingangokuvara kusangana ichiri shoma - zvakasiyana chaizvo pamwero kukura haritsigiri complementarity dzakabudirira kugadzirwa, nyika dzakawanda panguva yakaderera sandara, kukwikwidzana, sezvo ivo zvibereko chete kana zvakafanana zvinhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri rutsigiro kunobatsira kubva zvakawanda dzakabudirira. Zvisinei, A kwakakomba drawback of Commonwealth, vaiona kuti haina zvigadziriswe simba rokuchinja nhengo dzayo - chete nzira iri kuturika kuti nhengo musangano.