David Bohm: Biography, mapikicha uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Quantum yefizikisi Devid któremkolwiek akaita nomupiro kukuru kwete chete kune yokungotaura wefizikisi, asiwo neuropsychology, uye uzivi. Achishanda Princeton University, któremkolwiek zvikuru achishingaira collaborated pamwe Albertom Eynshteynom, akanga achiparidza yeplasma wefizikisi, quantum hurongwa, dzidziso nesimbi, nezvedzidziso zvokutanga inoramba. Muna 1951 David Bohm akanyora yakawanda basa nokuti nyika sayenzi, vaiona yakanakisisa mashoko chechiJudha dudziro quantum Vanamakanika.

Któremkolwiek uye Oppenheimer

In Jewish mubvakure mhuri vanogara muUnited States kubva muna December 1917, mukomana akaberekwa uyo chaizvoizvo kubva paucheche vakatanga kushingaira mundotarisisa nyika, chokukukatyamadzai zvose nemagadzirirwo zvake zvaakacherechedza. In sayenzi chaiwo David Bohm Ainyanya unyanzvi, kuti yakawanikwa mangwanani zvikuru. Ndapedza kubva kukoreji muPennsylvania muna 1939, makore asingasviki mana gare gare, akava Dhokotera Science muna Physics. Akatsigira mwero David Bohm ane University of California. Somudzidzi, I vaiitawo nechido chikuru kukurukura denderedzwa, izvo akatungamirirwa mumwe chete "vanababa" the Atomic bhomba, Robert Oppenheimer, apo ivo nezvokuzivikanwa dambudziko, kure kutsausa yokungotaura wefizikisi.

Yokutanga matanho kune ramangwana zvakawanwa David Bohm, ane mabhuku zvinosanganisira nyaya zhinji kwouzivi akanga aita. Akafarira kubatana zvose, zvisinei, pfungwa - zvose zvinhu zvisingagoni haabayi wefizikisi somunhu sainzi. Kusvikira 1947 David Bohm, mumwe yefizikisi, akadzidza paYunivhesiti Berkeley (California) plasma dzidziso uye Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, basa rake mupiro kusikwa mabhomba bhomba Oppenheimer. Iye pachake, ari mwanakomana kuHungary wokuLatvia mubvakure kuti chirongwa Chokwadi, haana kubvumirwa, akapomerwa "kusavimbika". Kutaura chokwadi, kune vakadaro muchivande mabasa ose munyika kubvumira vanhu kwete tarenda asi kuvimbika.

Bohm uye Einstein

Muna 1947, pashure chichifamba, uye basa idzva (mutevedzeri purofesa Princeton University) akatanga kufunga David Bohm mabhuku kuti aifanira kunyora. Just ipapo vakatanga kushingaira pamwe chete shasha Albertom Eynshteynom vari chaizvo chaizvo Bohm. Muna 1951, akanga akafara pamwe bhuku rokutanga navo akataura naye ari shasha.

Zvisinei, munyori David Bohm, kukurukura tenzi zvikuru, zvakarurama achiturikira nokubvunza kwake. Nechekare panguva pakuguma któremkolwiek haana chokwadi basa iri kuti zvakakosha kubudisa bhuku. Zvisinei, kwete mumwe Einstein, rose nekwaya yefizikisi shamwari vakanyengetedza munyori kukurumidza, nokuti "Quantum pfungwa" panguva iyoyo ine kwamagwaro nani kuti quantum Vanamakanika. Bhuku vakabuda uye akasika furor munyika sayenzi. Asi David Bohm uongorore zvakare zvose zvavo pakutanga kurapwa uye pashure dzinoverengeka nyaya bhuku vakawedzera. "The causal dudziro quantum hurongwa" - vanonzi kududzirwa matsva ane dambudziko nesayenzi.

quantum hurongwa

Nevamwe akadana Bohm yakabudiswa mabasa yokungotaura kuratidzwa zvachose ichi, anenge usingaonekwi kudavira mukana pakati tisaone nyika, ive zvakasikwa rose chaichoicho. pfungwa Izvi zvokuti zvakadzama kuti kugadzirisa nyaya dzose akarerwa kwakashanda kusvikira pakuguma hwake Devid któremkolwiek. Holographic Universe, sezvo pfungwa, akaita akadonhawo kubva muromo peni yake somugumisiro kufungisisa pamusoro quantum mukana.

Orthodox quantum dzidziso Bohm zvino vaiona kukwana, vakaramba indeterminacy yayo, vachifungidzira kuti mumwe PARTICIPLE yaro inofamba nzira akatsunga kwete chete uye kwete zvokuti mitemo wefizikisi nyore, ivo raitungamirwa ano basa ruzivo pamusoro hwaiitwa zvacho kusvikira zvose zvakasikwa.

quantum zvinogona

basa iri rakada akatanga chete 70s, pamagumo ake upenyu, asi masayendisiti akadai któremkolwiek Devid, holographic pfungwa wezvose vasingagoni kuvakwa. Time pacharo zvinoda ruzivo urwu. Sezvo Radar achiitisa kwechikepe dutu dzakadururwa munyanza, uye mumwe nomumwe PARTICIPLE haisi "Surf zvose," zvose zvayo kufamba kunobva ehupfumi ari quantum kwaniso, pane kure uye yakareba nguva, zvose zvinoda pamusoro ukama pakati quantum hurongwa.

Saka, kukura pfungwa iyi yakava pakusuma wokutanga mashoko munzvimbo chaizvo udzamu mumuviri dzidziso, uye ikozvino mabasa David Bohm pfungwa ndiwo uchapupu pakati quantum computation uye ruzivo. Pane mikana yakasiyana-siyana zvekungofungira, kunyange zvinoita delirious. Somuenzaniso, kana paine dzisinganyatsooneki kwevari chokwadi? Zvino zvibodzwa ichi pane Boma iri dzidziso - quantum, nonlocal zvakavanzika variables. Iye akanyorwa mapepa akawanda pamusoro penyaya, vakazochinja zvakatungamirira pfungwa kuedza vakakurukura nhasi: yacho Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen gangaidzo uye Bell kusaruramisira.

urongwa

Sezvo boka mudzidzi, ane nhengo akanga Bohm, vaiita kwete wefizikisi, asi pfungwa ouzivi, kusanganisira dzechiKomonisiti, shamwari dzake nevaaishanda navo vakasungwa musi iwoyo achirwara-fated. Ndakaenda muna 1950, kupfuura kwakapararira McCarthyism muUnited States. David akatambudzikawo zvinoitirwa, asi pamusoro mamwe masoja ake akaramba kupa uchapupu.

Pasinei nokuti mujeri pamwe chakarongwa kudzingwa mhosva zvose, Princeton University haana idzva chibvumirano chake. Kunyange Einstein kwakaita kwokukurumidzira zvikumbiro, vanotarisira mberi pamwe chete Bohm, havana kubudirira. The University Kutarisirwa haana ndindosangana kunyange akangwara musayendisiti. Vamwe nguva Bohm akashanda kuBrazil, ipapo muIsraeri, apo akasangana Sara Wolfson, mudzimai wake.

vatsva zvinhu

Haifa akava iconic nzvimbo uye vachifara Bohm. Vadzidzi vake vaviri, chaizvo inopenya unhu vaiva vaaishanda navo, uye pamwechete navo vakaita zvikuru zvinoshamisa pasango quantum wefizikisi. Mazita aya kwese ambotaurwa pamwe zita David Bohm - Gidheoni naKarimi uye Yakir Aharonov. Muna 1957, weDhipatimendi Bristol (UK) zvakabayirwa kwaari, uye Bohm akabvuma.

Zvakanga ipapo, pamwe naAaron "Aharonov-Bohm zvazviri" riri mano maerekitironi kunzwa remagineti, kunyange apo akanga asina. 1961 ndipo Bohm akaita purofesa yokungotaura wefizikisi. Izvi kwakatoitika mimwe yakakwirira pamwero sayenzi Birkbeck College (University of London). Ikoko Bohm aishanda kusvikira pamudyandigere, kureva, kusvikira 1984.

Physics uye Philosophy

It vagara nguva apo Bohm faniro kuunza pamwe chete izvi zviviri nyika maonero. Muna 1959, akanga averenga basa rimwe Indian muzivi uye kufanana maonero avo zvinhu zvizhinji izvozvo nokuzununguka. Asi chikuru wedzera kusvika kudzidza ukama uzivi uye wefizikisi akapa hurukuro Krishnamurti uye David Bohm, iro yokupedzisira yakanga kakawanda vanoshamiswa pamberi kufanana dzakawanda muchiratidzo hwenyika mbiri vanhu akasiyana zvachose. Ushamwari hwavo rwakatora anopfuura kota remakore. Sezvineiwo vanhu, kukurukura maviri akaisvochenjera vanhu vasiri akanyura kupinda yokukanganwa, uye takatakura michero. Vaiva mabhuku: «Science, Order zvinhu uye», «nokuguma Time», «Wholeness uye Implicate Order».

Dudziro quantum Vanamakanika akanga achishanda kusvikira pakuguma upenyu David Bohm, deploys kukosha kwaiva kukura holographic muenzaniso sechivako zvakasikwa uye dzidziso "holomovement" (holomovement), uye tsika maviri aya vashoma vane ukama zvakawanda uye simba zvikuru. Maererano navo, chikamu ose enyika muchadenga uye nguva akadzokorora racho zvachose zvose zviri vamwe zvakasikwa, pamwe kwebasa rinofanira kwete chete nechipo asiwo remangwana uye kare. Kureva, mumwe chidimbu ane ruzivo pamusoro yose chinhu. Kudzidza sero rinogona kuzivikanwa muchadenga. Pfungwa iyi - kwete zvikuru, nokuti Zvisinei pfungwa "chii chiri pasi, uye ipapo musoro" zvikuru dzakabudirira Bacon uye gare gare, Roerich uye Blavatsky, - muumambo uzivi. Asi waifarirwa wholeness uye yakavanzika kuti Devid któremkolwiek akaita nharo tichibatsirwa wefizikisi.

panogasa

Neurophysiologist Karl Pribram of America akashandisa pfungwa Bohm, zvichiita holographic muenzaniso uropi, uye akanga atendeuka kunze. A yefizikisi kubva Netherlands uye akahwina mubayiro weNobel Gerart Hooft mumabasa ake vamutye nokuda holographic zvakasikwa kukura, munyori waiva David Bohm, dhipuroya kukosha PARTICIPLE chakamubatsira kugadzirisa rimwe perennial matambudziko wefizikisi - kupa anonzwisisa uye mathematically kwakarurama zvakafanotaurwa dzidziso electroweak aiita kuti kubatanidzwa zvakasiyana, pamusoro pakutanga, minda zviri muchadenga.

Iyewo akagadzira mashoko holographic musimboti, maererano vose mashoko womumwe munda inogona achimiririrwa hologram, uye akafunga - ariwo zvakasikwa vanzwe okugadzira zvinhu zvaizoshamisa, uye David Bohm. Kuvimbika uye kuti zvakavanzika - kuti pfungwa iyi uye vakakatyamara uye akaramba vateveri ayo Bohm. Zvakanga inonakidza murume, iyo yaiva kwakabatsira pamuchinjikwa-tsika kudyidzana. Ake nechido privechali kuti Dalai Lama uye vatungamiri North America maIndia, aiva zvikuru vakwanise pfungwa pane chete musayendisiti. Muna 1990, iye kunyange akabhadhara Nhengo Royal Society. Uye muna 1992, ava nemakore semidesyatichetyrohletnem, David Bohm akanzwa kurwadziwa mumwoyo uye vakafa nezvokubvuta. Last manyoro akaramba ari padhesiki rake. Rainzi: "The Batanidzai Universe". Hwedzidziso yekurarama kududzirwa quantum dzidziso vachiri vakakwanisa kupedza David Bohm. Kuvimbika zvose akadzokorora pachayo iri kuvimbika unhu murume.

"A kupenga pfungwa"

Pfungwa illusory zvakaita nokudenga, iyo akapa nyika David Bohm, anotaura yefizikisi uye vazivi havasi kusiyira nhasi. The mhedziso kubva pafungidziro ichi zvachose oschelomlyayuschee: chinangwa chaichoicho hakuwaniki, pasinei Pamberi pachena arambe achirema kwayo, musimboti wezvose wake - yakanaka zvakawanda hologram, hofori phantom. Chii chinonzi hologram? Uyu mufananidzo-dimensional matatu, Takudzai Laser matanda. Izvi zvaitwa, wose anoziva nhasi.

Mifananidzo iri yakavhenekerwa imwe Laser danda, uye yechipiri, kuwedzera kunooneka chiedza kubva rurege mifananidzo, anopa imwe alternation pakati maxima uye minima pamusoro mwaranzi, kuti, zviri kukanganiswa mufananidzo, zviri zvakanaka pazvinhu firimu. Kana anopenya weveta kunoguma mufananidzo, hazvibviri kunzwisisa chinhu - pairi interbedded rima uye chiedza mitsetse, pamwe zvachose hapana njere. Zvisinei, zviri kutaurwa nomumwe Laser danda, chifananidzo-dimensional matatu rwunoratidzwa pakarepo, uye zvichava chaizvoizvo pakutanga chinhu chete. Ndizvo nezvazvo uye akaudza David Bohm - The Holographic Universe, chokwadi chiripo illusory. Zvadaro, bhuku rinonzi Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Universe".

zvimwe zvivako

Uye ichi hachisi chete inoshamisa pfuma --dimensionality matatu. Hologram yokusafa uye zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, akatema hafu hologram chero chinhu yakavhenekerwa ari Laser, anobvumira mufananidzo yose neimwe hafu chete pasi, akaenzana. Uye tumisoro ichi kunogona mberi. Kunyange zviduku chimedu dzakaonekwa chinhu. Kureva, chikamu chimwe nechimwe munhu hologram ane mashoko pamusoro zvose yacho, aine Proportional zvinoderedza hasha.

The chikuru nheyo hologram ndechokuti chikamu ose yose anahwo zvose pamwe chete. Kunoitawo kuti zvakasiyana kurapa sangano uye nokurongeka. Dzidziso mutyairi chinozunguzirwa, kunyange akaberekwa muna 1927 na Lui De Broglie - known muenzaniso variables zvakavanzika rokutanga. Rethinking uye "tsiura" dzidziso iyi, zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa kupfuura anopenga chokwadi, sezvakaita David Bohm. "The mutyairi wendege-wave" vakauya uye akatsanangura pfungwa dzakadai gangaidzo Schrödinger kuti katsi uye pakarepo pokuwa chinozunguzirwa ishande.

Physics uye Mathematics

Zvinenge zvose kududzirwa quantum Vanamakanika vachishandisa kwemasvomhu zvetsika, zvinonzi rinotsigirwa experimental uchapupu. Kunyange kana anetseka Einstein uchapupu (sipidhi inodiwa akaenzana kumhanya chiedza), zvimwe maerekitironi kuziva zvose pamusoro peiko, ivo vari millimeters gumi kana parsecs gumi voga. Mumwe PARTICIPLE yatovapo kusimba anoziva mumwe kuita. Kwete dzokukurukurirana, kwete. Not dyidzana. Kwete chisinganzwisisike chiratidzo. Kungofunga segmentation avo illusory. Ndizvo zvaanoda akaedza kutsanangura kunyika David Bohm: a holographic zvakasikwa, holographic.

Just pane mamwe pamwero chokwadi, zvichida kwakadzama, inoramba izvi - kwete mumwe zvinhu, asi chaizvoizvo nyaya kuwedzera zvakawanda zvikuru. Pane pamwero chokwadi, chakavanzika kwatiri, yakakura divi. The nezvimedu havasi dzakasiyana, ndivo zviso. Kubatana haaoneki uye holographic, zvose kunyama chokwadi ine phantoms, uye tinoona zviri muchadenga - chete fungidziro. Zvechokwadi pane chokwadi haako. Chii chaizvo kutakura hologram yezvisikwa - hapana anoziva. Somuenzaniso, imwe chizvaro rwakatanga zvose munyika ino, uye rine zvose zvokutanga nezvimedu, kuwedzera chinhu - kubva twemazaya echando kuenda quasars, kubva wegamma mwaranzi yezuva rwebhuruu Dolphins. Zvingangodarowo kuti holographic - chete pamwero wenyika, mumwe nhanho zvakasikwa shanduka.

What nguva

Sezvingatarisirwa, vanhu vari kuziva. Ivo "vanonzwa" zvose izvi illusory hunhu zvokushandisa. Chakavambwa rinokweva teresikopu yokuHannover, achitarira rinokweva nemafungu uye dzimwe nzvimbo-nguva nokufamba anokonzerwa supermassive nzvimbo zvinhu. Sezvineiwo, hapana chinozunguzirwa haana kuwanikwa. Zvisinei, chikonzero yakawanikwa: vatorwa ruzha unocherekedza detector, kubvira mazana matatu nemashanu zana Hertz, izvo, sezvingatarisirwa, akariita kushanda. Mubvumo mabviro haana kuwanikwa, kana Fermi Laboratory zita kwete chakaita.

Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti funga holographic musimboti, vachitevera izvo spacetime haana kuramba, ndiko dzakaunganidzwa Micro-watersheds, mumwe zornyshek mhando, quantum spacetime. Midziyo muna Hanover saka yakarurama kuti anoona munhu Vacuum kusiyana-siyana zvinoitika pamuganhu mwaranzi nzvimbo. Telescope vakagumburwa pamusoro kukamurwa nzvimbo-nguva uye akatora dzinokosha kukamurwa ichi ruzha. Saka kure, dzemaitirwe dzinoenderana anoratidza detector teresikopu. Nyika iri vava kuda hwomukova, kupfuura mukuru. Isu, nezvose tichigara - the fungidziro ...