Yeplasma Physics. Kunyatsogona Plasma Physics

Nguva apo plasma chokuita nesu pamwe chinhu shamisa, zvisinganzwisisiki, tarenda, vari refu aenda. rinoshandiswa nhasi pfungwa iyi zvikuru. Plasma zvaishandiswa indasitiri. The kupfuura chinzvimbo kwemashandisirwo aro okuvimba michina. Example - gasi zvinoerera nemwenje, richivhenekera mumugwagwa. Asi fluorescent mwenje aripo. Zviri muna yemagetsi nomoto. Pashure Welding chinhu chakakombama - ndiyo plasma kunotangira plasma tochi. Mumwe anogona kumbotipa dzimwe mienzaniso yakawanda.

Plasma Physics - zvinokosha bazi sayenzi. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kunzwisisa dzinokosha pfungwa dzine chokuita nayo. Ndiyo nyaya nyaya yedu.

Definition uye mhando yeplasma

Chii chinonzi yeplasma? Kutsunga mu Physics anopiwa anyatsooneka. Plasma inonzi mamiriro zvinhu apo yokupedzisira ine chinokosha (kuenderana uwandu nezvimedu), nhamba mhosva nezvimedu (keriya) anokwanisa zvakawanda kana zvishoma takasununguka kufamba mukati fuma. Tinogona kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera chikuru yeplasma wefizikisi. Kana vatakuri ndezvaJehovha tudonhwe imwe mhando (uye pakatarisana chiratidzo muripo nezvimedu, neutralizing kuti hurongwa vasina rusununguko rwokufamba), kunonzi kuroora zvinoriumba. In nevakomana zvakafamba zviri - zviviri kana multicomponent.

yeplasma Features

Saka, isu anozotsanangura nepaduku pfungwa imwe plasma. Physics - imwe sainzi chaiyo, saka pasina tsanangudzo kuita. Zvino udza pamusoro huru zviri mamiriro iyi nyaya.

ehupfumi kuti plasma iri wefizikisi izvi. Chokutanga, pane mamiriro ichi pasi zvinoitwa remagetsi mauto kare duku pane kufamba nemotokari - magetsi inoyerera nenzira yakadai uye chero masimba aya kubviswa nokuda kuongorora zvinyorwa zvavo. Naizvozvo, plasma pakupedzisira achipinda ezvinhu apo zviri quasi-kwazvakarerekera. Nemamwe mashoko, bhuku rayo, hombe kwazvo nemaziso, vane razero muripo. Chechipiri chinoratidza plasma iri akarondedzera kumberi zvakaita Coulomb nemauto Ampere vake. Inoitwa pakuti sangano iri mamiriro ichi, sezvo mutemo, vane seboka hunhu, inosanganisira vakawanda mhosva inoramba. Ndivo zvinokosha ehupfumi kuti yeplasma wefizikisi. Vaizova kubatsira kuyeuka.

Zvose izvi zvinhu kukonzera kuti yeplasma wefizikisi zvemariro akapfuma uye siyana. The kupfuura unoshamisa kuratidza zviri kudekara panowanikwa dzakasiyana siyana instabilities. Ndivo zvipingamupinyi zvakakura kuti kushanda kunoita plasma. Physics - sayenzi kuti anogara Virtual. Saka, zvinonzi netariro kuti munguva zvipingamupinyi izvi ichabviswa.

Plasma iri mvura

Achitendeukira muenzaniso chaicho pamusoro mamiriro, tinotanga nokufunga yeplasma subsystems mu yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa nyaya. Zvimwe zvinwiwa vanofanira zvikurukuru kunzi emura nesimbi - muenzaniso, iyo anoenderana yeplasma subsystem - chimwe inotakura chinoumba yeplasma maerekitironi. Kutaura zvazviri, tiri kuziva muboka anofanira kunzi, uye mvura electrolyte, vari vatakuri - ions zvose nezviratidzo. Zvisinei, zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, electrolytes hamuzi muchikwata ichi. Mumwe wavo une pakuti iri electrolyte hapana chiedza, zvinofamba vatakuri zvakadai maerekitironi. Naizvozvo, yeplasma ehupfumi ataurwa pamusoro apa akaratidza yekudyidzana simba.

Plasma crystals

Plasma iri crystals ane zita - hwakasimba-mamiriro plasma. In Ionic crystals, kunyange pane mhosva, asi ivo vachiri. Naizvozvo, hapana plasma. In nesimbi - ndivo maerekitironi conductivity vanoumba mumwe-chikamu plasma. Her nokuchengeta iri ndanyarara hangu nokuda yakamisirwa mutariri (chaipo, asingakwanisi kufamba kwenguva refu marefu) ions.

Plasma iri semiconductors

Kufunga kunyatsogona yeplasma wefizikisi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti semiconductors zvinhu zvakawanda siyana. Muchidimbu unhu nayo. OCP nokuti izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuitika kana mapinda navo akakodzera tsvina. Kana tsvina kupa maerekitironi (vaipa) nyore, saka pane N-mhando vatakuri - maerekitironi. Kana tsvina, kusiyana, nyore akaunganidzawo maerekitironi (acceptors), saka pane S.-mhando vatakuri - makomba (chinhu dzezvimwe ari kuparadzirwa maerekitironi), izvo azviite nezvimedu uine mutariri. Vaviri-chikamu yeplasma chakaumbwa maerekitironi uye maburi unowanikwa semiconductors kunyange nyore nzira. Somuenzaniso, anouya pasi Zvakaitwa kupomba chiedza, vachiwana maerekitironi kubva Valence boka kusvika conduction bhendi. Cherechedza kuti pasi zvimwe zvinhu, maerekitironi uye maburi vari vakwezvane, anogona kuumba vakasungwa nehurumende, rakafanana hydrogen atomu, - imwe exciton, uye kana pombi kusimba uye arambe achirema pamusoro excitons riri guru, ivo zvainoitawo pamwe kuti aumbe kuderera Erekitironi-mugomba mvura. Dzimwe nguva izvi ezvinhu anoonekwa mutsva ezvinhu nyaya.

gasi ionization

Mienzaniso iyi anotaura zvakananga nyaya plasma ehurumende uye plasma wakachena muchimiro anonzi ionized gasi. By kwayo ionization kunogona kukonzera zvinhu zvakawanda: yemagetsi munda (gasi zvinoyerera, mabhanan'ana), kuti luminous nekubudisa (photoionization), kutsanya PARTICIPLE (nemwaranzi pamusoro radioactive manyuko, yepasi pose mwaranzi, izvo akasvinudzwa uye vachikwira mwero ionization rakakwirira). Zvisinei, chikuru chinokonzera ndiko kudziyisa pamusoro gasi (thermal ionization). Panyaya iyi, kuparadzana maerekitironi kubva atomu zvinoisa dhumhana nevamwe gasi nezvimedu okupedzisira ane zvakakwana kinetic simba nokuda kumusoro tembiricha.

High-tembiricha uye kuderedzwa tembiricha yeplasma

Low-tembiricha yeplasma wefizikisi - chinhu pamwe patichasvika achariwisira ose zuva. Mienzaniso ezvinhu akadaro angava murazvo, nefuma iri gasi zvinoyerera uye mheni,-siyana chando yeplasma nzvimbo (ionosphere uye nyika magnetosphere uye nyeredzi), kushanda fuma iri siyana hwokugadzira mano (MHD emagetsi, yeplasma michini, burners, uye zvichingodaro. N.) . Mienzaniso inopisa yeplasma - (. Tokamak, Laser mudziyo, uye danda midziyo said) nyeredzi zvinhu panguva mumatanho ose shanduka wavo, kunze muduku uye kukwegura, kushanda Urume mu mugadziriro kudzorwa Fusion yenyukireya.

mamiriro chechina nyaya

Hafu yezana remakore adarika, yefizikisi zhinji uye mishonga vakatenda kuti nyaya ine maatomu uye mamorekuru. Vanobatana akabatana kana disordered chaizvo kana kupfuura kana zvishoma akarayira. Zvaidavirwa kuti pane zvikamu zvitatu - gaseous, mvura uye rakasimba. Zvinhu ndichivatakura pasi pokudzora nechitarisiko ezvinhu.

Pari Zvisinei, tinogona kutaura kuti pane 4 inoti nyaya. Kuti yeplasma inogona aionekwa mutsva, wechina. musiyano wayo kubva yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa (zvikukutu uye mvura) rinoti kuri chokwadi kuti, sezvo gasi haangogoni fura elasticity, asi wakaiswa pachake vhoriyamu. Ukuwo, mose yeplasma yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mamiriro kuvapo pfupi chikuva kuti, kureva. E. kuwirirana nzvimbo uye Kuronga nezvimedu pamwe pedyo yeplasma mutariri. Muchiitiko chino, pane kuwirirana kwakadaro haisi kunotangira intermolecular uye Coulomb ravarwi mhosva achisunda kure zita chete pamwe pachake uye kuminyuka ari kusafanana mhosva.

yeplasma Physics akanga isu muchidimbu akaongororwa. nyaya iyi rakanyatsojeka rinorema, saka tinogona chete kutaura zvatinoda vakafukunura nheyo dzayo. yeplasma wefizikisi, akakodzerwa Kuongororazve zvirokwazvo.