Einstein kuti postulates: kudzidzisa zvinhu uye zvinhu chaiye dzidziso

nyika yedu kuti ivepo akamboona rakawanda chaizvo shasha! Zvinyore pasi pose zvinogona mberi nokusingaperi. Pane akawandisa axioms, dzidziso uye hypotheses hwaakange ano nesayenzi. Great mupfungwa nguva dzose, yabuda pamusoro chidhinha hwaro wefizikisi. Izvi zvinosanganisira Einstein postulates, Lorentz kuchinja, Archimedes axiom, ari Pythagorean theorem no, Heron kuti nzira uye nevamwe vakawanda. Mumwe mutsva kuwanikwa kunobatanidza nokukurumidza mafaro uye ndakaratidza maari nechisimba munzvimbo imwe nzvimbo. Munyaya ino, zvose pfungwa zvichabviswa nezvezvandaifanira Einstein kuti postulates.

Biography Einstein

Albert Einstein akaberekwa musi 14.03.1879 muguta Ulm (Germany), mumhuri yechiJudha. baba vake, pamwe chete nevamwe co-varidzi vane chirimwa chiduku kuti pave stuffing minhenga nekuda nezvifukidzo nemamatiresi.

mai musayendisiti vaibva zvakanaka akapfuma youmambo, vanotengesa zviyo. Nechekare ndiri murume mhuri baba Albert yakavhura boka kuti kutengeswa midziyo yemagetsi.

In kuwa 1896 panguva Polytechnic Institute muSwitzerland, Einstein akasangana mudzidzi aibva kuSerbia, Mileva Maric, uyo vaizova wake mukadzi.

musayendisiti Future saka aida kuwana chizvarwa Swiss, izvo nokuti ichi vakasiya German. Pakupedzisira akakwanisa kubudirira muna 1901

Pasinei tarenda ake uye unyanzvi hunoshamisa, iye chichivheyeswa makore maviri ari kutsvaka basa, kunyange vachiziya mwoyo, asi haana kurega kuita sayenzi zvinooneka.

Mafungiro vamwe namabasa Einstein raMwari

Masayendisiti akawanda panguva vaifunga Einstein zvakare itsva, sezvo ivo vakayambuka dzimwe ruzivo inokosha munharaunda iyi. Vamwe mukuru pfungwa remakore, achiri akasarudza kuramba dzenhoroondo dzidziso, apo vachiedza kuwana rinogona kutsiva kuramba postulates Enshneyna, asi nenguva yokuti havasi kushanda uchidzidzira.

Postulates kuti Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity zvave chikonzero nomination vake Nobel Prize. Asi yakadai echimurenga pfungwa duku vaitya Nobel komiti saka refu havana kumupa mubayiro ichi. Asi muna 1922, iye zvose zvakafanana rave anokudzwa nokuda basa rake pamusoro photoelectric mugumisiro.

Personal unhu musayendisiti

Albert akanga rakavhurika, ushamwari, akanaka, tariro uye tsitsi munhu. Shamwari dzake vakaona nayo pfungwa huru zvinosetsa.

Iye kunyanya akada mumhanzi zvakawanda muzana remakore rechi18. Sam aiziva sei kuridza gitare, zvaakanga aigara oga.

Einstein aiva kuzvitsoropodza nemafungiro basa ravo, nguva dzose akabvuma zvikanganiso zvavo, kunyange paruzhinji. Never kunyara chii chinogona kukanganisa, noruremekedzo kufungisisa mabasa dzimwe nyanzvi, haana kushivirira nhema uye kusaruramisira.

Albert Einstein akanga paakavapa dzakawanda mibayiro uye kusarurana, kusanganisira paakanga afa.

Nokukudzwa kwake, ainzi vamapoka photons, makemikari Kufananidzira №99, duku asteroid, yakawanikwa 1973, imwe jimunasiyamu, imwe Observatory, sangano, zvokurapa sangano, mumigwagwa uye, chokwadi, mibayiro - Medals uye mibayiro.

Interesting zvinhu

1. The kupfuura chikuru pamusoro Einstein mupiro ichaongororwa kuti dzidziso relativity. vanhu vashoma vanoziva, asi pamwe chete naye pamusoro paro zvakashanda musayendisiti (German rudzi) David Hilbert. Unogona kunyange kutaura kuti vanoshanda vari tandem, sezvo vaigara vachikurukura uye kugoverana mashoko ari kudzidza. Achipedzisa equations ose relativity dzidziso vakapa anenge panguva, asi akaita kudaro nenzira dzakatosiyana. Pakutanga, vakawanda vaiva nechokwadi kuti Gilbert akakwanisa kuita zvakafanana mugumisiro rinenge vhiki yapfuura, asi gare gare akapa kuruzhinji kuti Alberta, iyo akaenda ose laurels uye anokudza. Pasinei neizvi, mukupera remakore rechi20, mafungu Masvomhu uye zvinyorwa Hilbert akawanikwa, nokuda izvo zvakava pachena kuti aigona kuuya yokuti ake kumugumo pasina kare rakabudiswa mashoko. Kunyange zvazvo vasayendisiti pachavo, nharo idzi haana kufarira.
2. Einstein akakwanisa kutanga firiji akadaro, izvo haatarisiri magetsi, kushanda bedzi pamusoro yakaderera-simba Heaters. Muna 1930 akatengesa ari bvumidzwa kuti kambani "Electrolux", asi vari, zvinosuruvarisa haana atanga kugadzirwa michina yakadaro.
3. FBI kuUnited States of America vakatenda Einstein Soviet musori, saka zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita nayo, vakanga kubatwa yokunyanyisa kuvanyaradza. Pakazopera hwake dossier yake raiva 1.5 zviuru machira.
4. Pacifist Einstein akabvunza Roosevelt pamusoro dismantling maatomu bhambu. Akanga akapikisa zvakasimba, tichifunga izvozvo zvidhindwe nengozi.
5. Asati afa, Einstein akashanda yakawanda pamusoro Implementation pakati dzidziso yacho rakabatana munda. Ndiko, kuti achibatsirwa nomumwe huru uye unequivocal mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kuzoumba ndokuisa pamwe nesungano pakati 3 chikuru ravarwi remagetsi, rinokweva uye enyukireya. Zvichida Einstein akakwanisa kuita chinoshamisa zvakawanikwa, asi, nhamo, akapisa mabasa aya. Zvino vana vanogona chete zvokufungidzira zvaakanga ipapo akakwanisa kuuya.

Mupiro huru kuti kukura wefizikisi

Einstein zvaJehovha postulates - tenzi kiyi tsanangudzo dzakawanda chaiko mananara. Zvekufamba of musayendisiti akapa nemavambo yakakura nokuda pakuzadzisa sayenzi akashandura tinosvika kuna kudzidza nzvimbo uye nguva. Vari rakakamurwa mhando vaviri postulates kuti Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity uye nheyo dzose pakati kumhanya chiedza. Uyu zvachose itsva uye kusvikira risingaenzaniswi pfungwa iri wefizikisi.

Einstein wokutanga uchapupu

Inoti pamusoro nguva dzose mitemo dzinongoitika uye avo equations achirondedzera kuchinja mushumo vamwe inertial hurongwa kune mumwe.

Mitemo tisawirirane mamiriro rwomuviri gadziriro haasi zvachose kukuremedza chokwadi akadai kuti 2 chinofamba hama mumwe batanidza hurongwa, izvi zvinosanganisira utachiona.

Zviri nyore, izvozvo akatsanangura kufamba akasiyana inertial bhuku hurongwa kana uchifamba miviri yenyama kutamira pachinhu mumwe pane kugara nokukurumidza. Kana muviri mumwe (the hurongwa) kuchinja traektorii kana kumhanya, panguva ino vakawanda relativity rinoshanda (general relativity), uye kana munhu kana mumwe muviri (maitiro) hazvifaniri kuonekwa sokunoratidza hurongwa.

The uchapupu wechipiri

Akatevera vakauya Einstein uchapupu: kumhanya chiedza iripo pasi Vacuum inonzwisisika mumativi ose uye haachinji panguva velocity kutsauka chiedza tsime kufamba kubva kwokutanga ukoshi. Kubva musi mhedziso iyi kuti kumhanya chiedza chiri vakaomerwa uye kuramba pasinei mushumo inertial hurongwa.

Izvi pfungwa zvinoshamisa kuti kumhanya chiedza ose vamwe, mune chero nenzira vachifambira, ndiro (pasi zvimwe zvinhu ancillary) chaizvo, zvinotungamirira dzakabudirira kwokutanga transformations ose Coordonatele uye nguva H.Lorentsa panguva achichinja kubva pakutanga inertial puranga itsva riri unochinja noruremekedzo wokutanga.

Kusiyana Lorentz, uyo akaona Masvomhu dzavo sezvo shamisa uye zvekunyepera, Albert Einstein akavaisa kushanda chaizvoizvo.

Izvi vakashumira seinokonzera chokuwana zvakakosha nesayenzi mukana wokuti vanhu vanga dzaibatanidza vakawanda M, uye kurova kwemwoyo simba E P: E ² = M × c ^{4 2} + P ² × ^2.

Apo C = kumhanya chiedza. Uye mukana wokuti vanhu vanga pachayo anganzi chimwe chezvinhu chinodiwa kuti kushanda renyukireya.

Postulates kuti Einstein neimwe dzidziso relativity

Special relativity chinonyanya kukosha chaiko Dzidziso nzvimbo uye nguva. postulates Einstein kunoita SRT ndivo chikuru nehwaro wefizikisi ano uye ano. Vari kwakavakirwa zhinji Zvakazoitwa Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti pasi pose. Zvinhu chaiyo dzidziso relativity (Einstein kuti postulates) unowanzonzi relativistic yokuti, uye mananara kuti rinotsanangura - relativistic kushanda. Iyi inoonekwa kana zvinofamba miviri ari kumhanya pedyo kumhanya chiedza muna Vacuum C ndiyo 3 × 108 m / s. postulates Einstein izvi kuti vakasikwa muna 1905

The rinokosha Dzidziso relativity rinoshanda chete kana kumhanya zvinhu inoramba kuzochinja uye rakaramba riri rekuchikoro. Kana zvarakasiya kana kumhanya kana nzira mitemo nhepfenyuro chete nyore kumisa kushanda. Panyaya iyi, shandisa mukuru dzidziso relativity.

Albert Einstein - anowedzera kukura sayenzi nguva yake

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 uye rechi20 emakore aiva sayenzi wefizikisi mune nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nzira kubva raiva kuramba dzenhoroondo Einstein maonero nzvimbo uye nguva. Chii kamwe zvaiita zvakajeka uye pachena, chaizvoizvo - unochinja! Postulates Einstein akaratidza kuti tsika uye pfungwa dzinokurukurwa isiri relativistic wefizikisi constants, adjoin zvinoyerera hama kuti dzidziso.

Zvose pamusoro postulates Einstein akapa kurudziro huru kukura wefizikisi sechinhu sainzi. Iye chaiye yakakodzerwa Nobel mubairo uye kuzivikanwa dzakawanda!