Desai: redunhu connectivity, wongororo. Desai - chii?

Vanhu vanoshandisa kwakavakirwa zvinangwa zvakasiyana, uye mashandiro izvi zvinoda dzakasiyana chiedza ezvinhu. Zviri nyore kuchinja nokuda kwenhamo - wemagetsi kuti unobvumira kuchinja chiedza pamwero kubva "anenge rima" kusvikira maonero kwakakwana nokungonyepedzera vanoshandura pfundo kana zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ruoko.

Sei dimmers?

Indoor chiedza mumba kunokosha chaizvo. Level mumba mumwe kunodzidzisa muromo zvaunogona uye haugoni kuita, uye ine chihombe rokubaya manzwiro ako. Somuenzaniso, haugoni kuverenga chete mwenje, asi kudanana mabiko vaviri vangasagamuchira unofadza saka ane 1.5-kilowatt halogen rambi.

Modern dimmers, dimming semuenzaniso Legrand, kubvumira kuti zvakanaka kuchinja jekeso mwenje nemarambi pakubhadhara siyana.

Resistor dimmers

Pakutanga, kuchinja chiedza pamwero rinoshandiswa zvikuru nyore yokugadzirisa - munhu shanduka resistor kwakabatana somunhu nokuda kwenhamo. It akapa? Normal wirewound resistor ndiyo nhete waya, izvo zvinoitawo kuti vamwe (chezita ukoshi maererano) ari kuramba sangano dzemagetsi mhosva. Pamasikiro shanduka resistor, kuwedzera kune resistive zvinhu zviviri pazvinhu vaaizivana, akawedzera mumwe uye kubvongodzwa kuonana mhedziso yake. By magetsi vematunhu chinhu ichocho richibatanidza Mobile uye mumwe yakatarwa vokukurukura.

Rokuvaka ichi, zvachose kurwisa kuti resistor iri dzaisiyana nokuchinja daro kuti basa rine apfuure resistive zvinhu, asi kungotaura - kureba waya kubva yakatarwa kusvika chinjwa kuonana. Kana chinjwa iriyo pedyo yakatarwa (chokuita mudunhu), kuti resistor riri shoma. Kana zvava wechipiri yakatarwa vachionana, nokuchengeta ane apfuure resistive zvinhu.

Kana mutariri ari unozununguswa yemagetsi mauto kuburikidza resistor, ayo simba akarasika sezvo kupisa. Kana kuisa resistor dzinoti redunhu, iro simba nazvo mairi kukonzera runoenzanirana voltage donhwe mhiri resistor, achidzikisa simba kuwanikwa zvimwe mutoro (chiedza girobhu racho, somuenzaniso). Achidzikisa voltage pamusoro girobhu racho kunoderedza chiedza chawo goho.

Dambudziko iri mhinduro ndechokuti imi vanoguma kutambisa yakawanda nesimba kudziyisa resistor, iyo Musabatidza kamuri rako, asi zvichaita arasikirwe rakanaka sendi. Uyewo simba inefficiency, resistor nokuda kwenhamo haizoshandisi kazhinji yainetsa uye zvinogona moto njodzi, sezvo shanduka resistor zvabudiswa rebei kupisa. Current mano vanoshandisa rikurumidze nzira.

musimboti oparesheni

Saka, chaizvoizvo nokuda kwenhamo. Izvi zvinorevei achirifananidza kusiyana kubva resistor? Pane kutora simba kubva girobhu racho mune shanduka nemishonga, dimmers ano pane mumwe yekupindurwa kuitika nguva, zvishoma kufukidza nzira ndima yayo, kuderedza yaipedzerwa simba akaparadza munyika yose cheni. Zvakaratidza kuti magetsi muchiedza girobhu racho kure kakawanda pasekondi yoga yoga.

nokuchinja kutenderera nguva rinoumbwa mhuri AC oscillations. Vane yakasiyana polarity of voltage - iri nemumakomo sinusoidal chinozunguzirwa kuitika izvozvo zvichisiyana yakanaka kunonyanyisa kuti asina. Mune mamwe mazwi, munhu kubvongodzwa nokuchengeta, inova rakatumbuka razvino, dzichichinja ayo achitungamirirwa inofamba. MuRussia, ruchapinda kuburikidza kutenderera yokuchinja (mutariri inofamba rimwe divi, zvadaro dzimwe) nguva 50 pasekondi yoga yoga.

"Putsai" Sine Wave kuitika neimwe hafu-kutenderera nayo - ndicho chinoita kuti nokuda kwenhamo. Zvinorevei? It rwoga anotendeuka kubvisa chiedza girobhu racho redunhu nguva imwe neimwe kuchinja mirayiridzo ano, kureva, kana zero voltage mudunhu. Izvi ruviri chete kutenderera, kana nguva 100 pasekondi yoga yoga. ano wedzerai rambi redunhu iri anobatidzwa zvakare kana voltage inokwira kusvika pamwero.

Pfungwa iyi - "kubatanidza huwandu" - rinoti nzvimbo kunyora kwako nokuda kwenhamo chinja. Kana yakaiswa pamusoro chiedza ezvinhu, zvinoitika nokukurumidza pashure shutdown. The zano kunobatanidzwa akawanda kutenderera, saka kuti anosvitsa zvakawanda simba pasekondi yoga yoga mune chiedza girobhu racho. Kana nokuda kwenhamo yakaiswa kuti yakaderera jekeso, zvichava kumirira mushure shutdown refu kusvikira haazotsauki pamusoro zvakare panoperera ichitanga.

Ndiyo pfungwa, asi chaizvoizvo mabasa nokuda kwenhamo? Driving kwokubatana ake zvatinoudzwa chinotevera, ichapindura mubvunzo uyu.

Mudziyo Electronic dimming

We munotoziva kuti zvichaita nokukurumidza kubvisa chiedza mudunhu kuderedza simba rinopiwa kune mwenje. Asi, kunyanya nokuda kwenhamo pachayo - chii? The nechepakati vanzwe redunhu zvayo iri semiconductor č chinja kana triac.

Triac - duku semiconductor mudziyo, zvakafanana diode kana transistor. Kufanana navo, triac inoumbwa akasiyana akaturikidzana ose semiconductor zvokunyama. Pakati pavo, N-mhando zvinhu, ine zvizhinji vakasununguka maerekitironi uye peji-mhando zvinhu kuva "makomba" vakawanda kuburikidza iyo vakasununguka maerekitironi vanogona kupfuura.

The triac anokwanisa kupfuura kutira panguva dzakasiyana polarity kuti voltage rakaiswa kwazviri, kureva zvose hafu-Zvinonzi AC mains voltage, asi chete kana wechitatu electrode - .. The suwo - mumwe kudzorwa voltage rakaiswa. Naizvozvo, chokwadi, inoyerera nokuda kwenhamo. The Zano pazasi inoratidza sei dzikava.

The voltage pamusoro pasuwo triac, izvo zvakakodzera kuvhura, yaipiwa pamwe kuchengetera capacitor, uye nguva yaro vebasa kubva pakutanga hafu-nguva romugove voltage anotonga munhu shanduka resistor. Saka chii chinoitika zano iri? Muchidimbu:

• Triac anoita somunhu voltage selector.
• Gedhi voltage anodzora nguva yaro usanganidzo.
• A shanduka resistor hunoronga voltage pamusoro pesuwo.
• The throttle zvinoshanda kuti chechetere kuitika waveform ari rambi simba romugove redunhu (ona. Seq. Section).
• Kudzvinyirira capacitor kunodzivisa rudzi redunhu nokuda kwenhamo chipingaidzo.

Unobatanidza kune nomumbure

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvose zvayakaita yemagetsi redhiyo kuratidzwa dhayagiramu kumusoro, asi nokuda kwenhamo akatasva ari dzimba, ine mbiri chete zviteshi inokodzera mudziyo kune rimwe-danho magetsi network. Saka, maererano zvemichina Implementation kubatana kwakadaro nokuda kwenhamo zvineringanidzo chose kune kwakajairika maviri-danda chinja. Nenzira, vamwe vavo mazano vane pakuvara chinja zvakabatana mazano ichifamba zano, uye ayo kiyi iri pedyo kudzora pfundo. Naizvozvo, unobva nokuda kwenhamo, sezvo zvakaita unobatanidza munhu kwakajairika chinja, kuita zvinotevera matanho:

1. Kuona mwenje kana marambi kubva nokudzora boka kuti nokuda kwenhamo.
2. Change kuitika ufungisise chiedza mano kana dzinofambiswa navo pasina nokuda kwenhamo.
3. Chisarudza nokuda kwenhamo pamwe kunonyanyisa wakatsigira kushanda kuitika kwete chiduku pane kuti vakawana muna Sec. 2.
4. Uise nokuda kwenhamo kurudyi nzvimbo uye batanidza kuti samambure somunhu kwakajairika maviri-danda chinja. Cherechedza pano kuti chero chinja iiswe paputsika Pasika kondakita, kwete "razero", vol. E. Zvinofanira kuva ngetani kuitika kuyerera kusvika mwenje (s), asi kwete shure.

nokuda kwenhamo remudunhu Real zvikuru kuoma. Saka, pangava kure nokuda kwenhamo pamwe kure kuzvidzora, switchable (rwoga) munhu timer chokuita zvakawanda "imba akangwara", uyewo ane acoustic kana izwi kudzora mhando. Zvisinei, zvose izvi "akangwara stuffing" yakavanzwa mukati mudziyo, uye muitiro unobatanidza kune zvakarukwa hakuna kuoma.

Buzz mwenje pamberi dimmers

In pfungwa dzinoverengeka vanoshandisa, kuburikidza pachinzvimbo chinja kuti isingadhuri nokuda kwenhamo redunhu simba incandescent vakanzwa wavatorwa vava kungotaura nezvekudzoka. Izvi kunoitika nokuda nokufamba ari rambi filament zvinokonzerwa kuchinja ano waveform kusvitsa kubva triac.

Sezvaunoziva, magetsi inoyerera kuburikidza tambo zvinowanisa rebei simba remagineti uye iyezvino zvakasiyana ita kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi remagineti. The filament mu girobhu racho ingori waya zononoka iyo, kana solenoid iri magnetized nokuisa kuitika kuburikidza nawo, uye ayo remagineti oscillates ane kakawanda pakati rakatumbuka ano.

The yaiwanzopiwa sinusoidal rakatumbuka razvino fluctuates zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo ayo remagineti. The kuitika kubva nokuda kwenhamo nechakatsinhiwa payakakurudzirwa kana triac ava conductive. Izvi zvachinja nokukurumidza muna uno anochinja remagineti nokukurumidza, izvo zvingakonzera vibration yacho filament. Mukuwedzera mukubudisa nyoro humming ruzha payakakurudzirwa kuchinja remagineti kuchaita vaunze simba redhiyo anonongedzera kuti anogona kukanganisa pedyo TV kana redhiyo!

dimmers Most ane mamwe zvinoriumba kubvisa vava kungotaura nezvekudzoka kushanda. Kazhinji, kubatana kwemutariri nokuda kwenhamo kunosanganisira inductive kachidza (ona. The Zano pamusoro), ndiro waya refu yakapombera yesimbi chinoumba, uye chimwezve kudzvinyirira capacitor. Both mano anogona kuchengeta vanomboenda simba yemagetsi (muchimiro remagineti simba, kuitika, uye yemagetsi nokuchengeta simba) uye vanoshandisa nayo paya. simba iri smoothes unopinza voltage yakatesvera panyanga dzacho kunokonzerwa nokuchinja kuti triac kuderedza nokuimba uye kukanganiswa.

Dimmers uye mwenje

Dimmers Itai nyaradzo mumusha uye kuderedza simba mari. Zvisinei, kwete vose Mabumba vari kunoenderana navo, uye izvi zvingaita kuti zvinetso homeowners. vatengi vazhinji zvinobudisa mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro murau nokuda kwenhamo chiedza, asi kuongorora mhinduro kunotungamirira pakugumisa kuti vanyori hadzisi kujairana nenhungamiro kugarisana mwenje dimmers pamwechete.

Mabumba dzinoratidzwa nesimba uye voltage. Kana wasarudza isiri dimming dzimwe mhando vari kukodzera kwavari makakatanwa uye zvinetso. Saka, kusarudza mwenje dimming, vanhu vanofanira kungwarira rakasiyana-siyana navo uye kudzidza kusarudza enderana chete avo huripo dimmers.

Vatengi vanogona kusarudza incandescent, halogen, fluorescent uye akatungamirira mwenje. The nezvemarudzi maviri mwenje wokutanga kutungamirira dimmers nyore, apo fluorescent uye akatungamirira mwenje kuva mukuru chiedza goho, anodhura uye zvishoma basa pamwe mudziyo mune mubvunzo.

incandescent

incandescent girobhu racho anoshanda nokuti Magetsi ichipfuura filament kwayo, izvo rinopisa uye otanga hwihwinyara. Izvi chiedza Mabumba sezvo vepedyo hama dzavo - halogen mwenje (chaizvoizvo, ndiye filament marambi, asi pamwe kuwedzera halogen tubhokisi yeimwe kupinda chinu kudzivirira kwemvura yacho filament zvinhu), ndivo kupfuura utilitarian maonero Mabumba, nokuti vashande chero nokuda kwenhamo. Havagoni kushivirira kukwirira voltage, asi wakanaka zvakakwana panguva yayo yakakodzera chechetere. In maonero avo vatengi vanoda kuponesa simba uye kuwedzera girobhu racho upenyu kuburikidza nokushandisa dimmers, dzinopesana kwazvo. vanozvishandisa Vakawanda dzinoshuma kuti incandescent chiedza Mabumba vari dimmable pamwe chipa basa uyewo akura yokutevedzera. Ivo anowa dzinenge zvachose kana nokuda kwenhamo chinja dzikava kure chaizvo pamusoro.

fluorescent marambi

marambi ava mukati girobhu racho kuti nemekiyuri vapor. Kunotangira navo pakupisa ultraviolet nemwaranzi excites ari phosphor, izvo akafukidza mukati madziro girobhu racho kuti emit chiedza zvinooneka. Vamwe vanoshandisa mu wongororo dzavo dzinoratidza kuti marambi avo chete kure pasi nokuda kwenhamo kuzvidzora siyana. The ndechokuti vanoshandisa inonzi tsindirana fluorescent mwenje hadzisi akagadzirirwa kushandiswa ne dimmers kana aiva nemba installs kamari voltage mhiri mudziyo, anongoti kudzima mwenje, uye haangazvidembi kupera. Kushandisa nokuda kwenhamo pamwe mwenje, inofanira kuva dimmable kutsigisa igwa, chii chinofanira sezvinoratidzwa pamusoro kavha. Vamwe mureza dimmers vari inowirirana mwenje, asi kwete vose. Vatengi vanofanira nguva dzose kusarudza nokuda kwenhamo 220 pamwe rairatidza mugadziri pamusoro kugarisana navo fluorescent marambi.

akatungamirira Mabumba

mashandiro avo anobva kukwanisa kufurira maerekitironi vechiedza emitting diode kuti anosangana chokwadi mhosva "makomba" uye emit photons izvo zvibereko luminescence. Ndivo zvishoma inopenya pane fluorescent mwenje, asi wakachena kugadziridzwa Range riri shoma bedzi magadzirirwe kwayo usanganidzo. Maererano mutengi inofambiswa, ivo LEDs vari zvakare havatani shutdowns panzvimbo dzapasi zvikuru siyana, uye rinogonawo kuratidzwa nezvirwere akasiyana dimmers. Nepo incandescent chiedza girobhu racho achava kudzima pamwe voltage nokufamba, akatungamirira anogona kunyange kudzima kana kudzima zvakanyanya.

Selection yakakodzera rambi

Kana kutenga nevatengi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti incandescent mwenje vanogona dimmed kubva razero kusvika 100 muzana, uye fluorescent uye akatungamirira haagoni kushanda pazasi 10-20% of aizviti kukosha kwahwo kwavo, saka kuti homeowners havazokwanisi kuita pamwero wavo kunyaradzwa. Uyezve fluorescent marambi uye akatungamirira zvinoda anodhura uye kunzwisisa kwakaita nokuda kwenhamo. Zvisinei, kwenguva refu, dzinopa zvinokosha simba nemari.

Selection yakakodzera dimming

Modern dimmers Somuenzaniso nokuda kwenhamo Legrand (rinoreva mutsetse wose ari zvizivikanwe), kuita zvakasiyana mashandiro, kusanganisira-siyana photocells, inofamba sensors uye timers. Kana bhizimisi iri nhumbi idzi vanhu vanofanira kuyeuka kuti akura vematunhu dimmers zvakagadzirirwa mukuru-kunyatsoshanda chiedza Mabumba. Nepo rweruzhinji mano vari vakwane incandescent uye halogen mwenje.

Achipfupikisa akaita dzakawanda vanoshandisa akaongororazve dimmers, mumwe anogona kugumisa kuti mukuru vakawanda migumisiro yavo kushandiswa inogona kugadzirwa mudzimba, zvakavhenekerwa chetsika incandescent Mabumba. Mushure nokuda kwenhamo unokubvumira kuderedza simba rakawanda pasina kuchinja zvakachipa Mabumba pamusoro fluorescent zvinodhura kana akatungamirira. Kana imba watopiwa nokufukidzwa mhando itsva nemwenje, chikuru mugumisiro kunoratidzwa kuwedzera chiedza kudzora nzvimbo inogona "akura" womuenzaniso nokuda kwenhamo Somuenzaniso imwe kure nokuda kwenhamo, izvo anobvumira kudzora chiedza kuti kwakavakirwa pamwe kure kuzvidzora, pasina kumuka.