Knut Hamsun: Biography uye mabasa

Knut Hamsun - akakurumbira Norwegian munyori impressionist, munyori wemitambo, mudetembi, munyori wenyaya uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi. Muna 1920 iye akahwina Mubayiro wake bhuku "Nyika facial".

udiki

Knut Hamsun akaberekwa muLomé (District Central Norway). Vabereki vake (Peder Pedersen uye Tora Oldsdatter) vakagara papurazi duku Garmutrete. In Hamsun aiva hanzvadzi duku mbiri uye vakura matatu hama.

Paaiva 3 nemakore, mhuri yose yakatamira Hamar. Vakasvikowana vakahaya purazi kubva Hans Olsen (Hamsun kuti babamunini ari mai vake). The makore matanhatu chinotevera upenyu munyori kwakaitika imwe rine runyararo mhepo: akafudza mhou uye kuramba vanoyemurwa kunaka makomo echando-dzavhara uye Norwegian fjords.

Farm Rental yakapera nokuti mhuri chikwereti pauranda, uye Knut-gore 9 okuberekwa akaenda sekuru vake. Aiva murume wainamata usina kumupa kudya, uye kazhinji vakarova. Muna 1873, ndaneta kwawakaitwa, mukomana akamhanya muguta riri pedyo, asi vakadzoka papera gore uye akawana basa muchitoro yemo.

The chidimbu chokutanga

Muna 1875, jaya rikava anofambira mushambadzi. Kana iye zvokudya naye basa, Knut Hamsun akambomira muguta Buda uye akatora mubatsiri shangu. Panguva iyoyo akanyora yokufungidzira yake yokutanga "Man wanda". Rakabudiswa muna 1877, apo mukomana aiva nemakore 18 okuberekwa.

Pashure gore Hamsun akadzidzisa kuchikoro, uye akasarudza kuva SHERIFF dare mubatsiri. In raibhurari yake, iye vanosangana pamwe mabasa Air vanyori vakadai Henrik Ibsen, Bernstern Bjornson, etc. Muna 1878, Knut ave akasunungura yokufungidzira "Burger", apo mukuru hunhu anonyora nhetembo nezvoupenyu hwake rakaoma. Zvisinei, kubwinya kwake asingashandi, uye kukwereta mari nurlanskogo mushambadzi, akaenda Oslo. Mumakore akatevera, jaya anorasha yose mari nokuti haugoni kuita mari kunyora. Somugumisiro, Knut Hamsun anova mugwagwa mushandi.

Kutamira kuUnited States uye chirwere

Muna 1882, vachitora tsamba kubva simba Norwegian vatama, jaya akaenda United States. Asi ukama ake havana kukwana, uye vakakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo mushandi Wisconsin. Gare gare, akatora sezvo vanyori ake Norwegian muevhangeri kubva Minnesota. Pano Hamsun kurwara. Vanachiremba dzakasarudza kuti tibhii, asi chirwere haana nekusimbiswa.

Muna 1884 akadzokera Oslo apo zvose zviratidzo chirwere (zvimwe bronchitis) kunge akanyangarika. Pano anonyora pamusoro basa Mark Twain pasi zita Knut Gamsund (gare gare "e" akarega kuvapo nokuda chikanganiso typographical). Asi ake mabhuku basa haana kuwedzera kukwira. Munyori nenjodzi uye muna 1886 zvakare anoenda kuUnited States (Chicago), apo akatanga anoshanda sezvo nemunhu, uye muzhizha zvakaora muminda yose North Dakota.

Kubudirira rokutanga

Akaora mwoyo uye mabhuku kuedza, munyori rinodzokera Europe (Copenhagen) uye rinoratidza mumwe mabasa Edvard Brandes akatanga - mupepeti pepanhau nezuva. Uye ehama dzainge munyori, uye Excerpt kubva nyaya akaita simba pfungwa pana Edward. Muna 1890 bhuku rakabudiswa muna muCopenhagen, pabutiro iyo sported mashoko "Knut Hamsun" Nzara "." Nyaya iyi akaita misoro uye akaisa mukurumbira munyori ari munyori chakakomba.

Nganonyorwa "Nzara"

In basa iri, Knut akaramba kwete tsika kumupomera realism hunhu Air prose, asiwo yemamiriro panguva yokuti mabhuku vanofanira kuvandudza zvinhu okuvapo kwevanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, basa haana nyaya uye inotiudza jaya vaigara Oslo uye kuzova munyori. Eya, Chokwadi, kuti nyaya autobiographical uye zvikabva yacho protagonist - Knut Hamsun. "Nzara" Akagamuchira Madhindindi wongororo kubva vatsoropodzi. Somuenzaniso, Alrik Gustafson akanyora: "Zvakafanana Dostoevsky kuti gamba, anorwara pamuviri uye mweya, kunzwa marwadzo nzara uye anoita upenyu hwake yomukati chinoramba kuvhumuka."

Mutambi mukuru pamusoro chigadzirwa anotambura kwete chete kubva nokushayiwa zvokudya, asiwo kubva kushayikwa evanhu kuonana, nekusagona kuzvinzwira mashoko uye zvepabonde kusagutsikana. Nechivimbo shasha yake, iye anoda kukumbira pane kusiya kurota uye vavariro. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda zvakanyorwa kuti gamba dzavo akaparadzaniswa antihero akatangira mabhuku remakore rechi20. Nenzira, nyaya kachiri chaizvo. Izvi runoratidzwa nemupristi kakawanda search mubvunzo, kana vanhu vatsvake "Hunger" (bhuku). Knut Hamsun anozivikanwa muzana remakore rechi21.

Kudziridza yayo pfungwa

No kukosha ndechokuti yake ibudirire inogadzirwa munyori wokutanga yakatanga yakananga maitiro. "Nzara" rakanyorwa pfupi uye capacious mashoko. A zvakajeka uye yakajeka Rondedzero nemaune yaiteverwa kunyatsopedza uye kuzviitira. Kutanga "nzara" akaita rakaenderana nguva apo Strindberg, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer uye Hartmann akakurudzira kuti kuteerera chavanoziva masimba inodzora munhu unhu.

Own Nyaya yokuti Knut Hamsun kwakaita prose, dzakaunganidzwa essays izvo zvinogona kutengwa chero chemabhuku, akagadzira mu rondedzero yakanzi "Kubva subconscious upenyu mweya." basa iri akazviratidza mugore iroro sezvo "Nzara." Mairi munyori akasiya chinangwa unhu prose uye aida kudzidza "kwebasa mweya iri kure makona subconscious uye kuongorora mhirizhonga nefemero."

The Sayenzi chechipiri nechechitatu

The kubudirira chigadzirwa rechipiri kuti akanyora Knut Hamsun - "Mystery." The nganonyorwa anotaura puoskari Vakaonekwa yegungwa mumusha uye katyamadza vanhu rwomutorwa maitiro. Kungofanana mu "Nzara", munyori kunenge kushandiswa kuzviitira nzira, uye zvakashanda zvakakwana, ichipa bhuku racho mukurumbira.

"Pan", rakabudiswa muna 1894, akava wechitatu akabudirira dzorudo munyori. Knut Hamsun, ane Biography yakanga izere zviitiko, akanyora netsamba dzake dziri muchimiro Thomas Glan. Mutambi mukuru haatauri kuti yakabudirira kuvapo, uye iye anogara kunze kweguta riri Nordland, mubasa hove uye kundovhima. By muenzaniso Rousseau, munyori aida kuratidza chitendero zvakasikwa uye hypersensitive mweya. Euphoria protagonist Knut varehwa kurondedzera kutobaya rezvakasikwa uye akaedza kuona kwake munhu ane nurlanskoy musha. Marasha chido Edward Thomas, bratty, ichaparadzwa mwanasikana dzomutengesi, anosika mupfungwa dzake chaiye mupfungwa nenyonganyonga, uye pakupedzisira inotungamirira kuzviuraya.

The nganonyorwa chechina

Wechina akakura basa kuti Knut Hamsun akanyora - "facial enyika" (rakabudiswa muna 1917). Munguva nganonyorwa zvinoratidza zviri kuitika 1911, apo munyori tichida kurarama papurazi uye akanga ari Kupfururira munzanga. Akanyorwa rudo rukuru pamusoro poupenyu maviri Norwegian vanhuwo zvavo Inger uye Isak, uyo, pasinei nematambudziko vakakwanisa kuramba vakatendeka yemadzitateguru tsika uye kuzvitsaurira kunyika yavo. Muna 1920 iri paakavapa basa Nobel Prize.

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti pane chimwe yokufungidzira, uyo akanyora Knut Hamsun - ". The zvibereko zvenyika" Kutaura zvazviri, vakarasika. Rinongova chakasiyana shanduro yokutanga Norwegian zita "muto panyika."

Support Nazism

With zera, Knut kuramba reactionary. Kubvira 1934, iye akatsigira vaNazi pachena. Hamsun haana vapinde mubato reNazi, asi akaenda Germany musangano pamwe Hitler. Apo vanhu vokuGermany vakagaramo Norway, akasvika chaizvo aifarira-hwechiFascist nyaya, pasi yaiva siginicha "Knut Hamsun". munyori Book akanga vakadzokera kwaari nezviuru vaverengi ari kunyunyuta.

Kusungwa uye kutongwa

Pakapera hondo, akasungwa pamwe nomudzimai wake. In kuwa 1945 Hamsun akaiswa rimwe chepfungwa kiriniki. Pashure pemwedzi mina kurapwa, akanga kune Landvik vakwegura. Makore maviri gare gare, munyori akanga vakaedza akawana nemhosva abatsire uye abetting muvengi. Uyewo, chakarairwa kubhadhara 425,000 Norwegian Kroner. Kusungwa Knut akanzvenga nokuda "kudzikisirana njere."

okupedzisira basa

Essays "On the vashoma nzira" vaiva basa rokupedzisira munyori. Dambudziko kopilsya mabhuku emakore. Knut Hamsun (zvinogona kuverengwa mashoko pamabasa ake pazasi) vaida kudzorera aimbova nekubwinya Scandinavians. kutaura aHitler pamusoro kuwedzera pamusoro Nordic marudzi (zvikurukuru Norway) zvakasimba "pachirauro" munyori. Ndokusaka Hamsun zvakazadza pamwe dzematongerwe enyika kwechiFascist chete pemakore akaziva kwake zvakaipa. Mubhuku "On the vashoma nzira," ari Whip rinotiudza kukanganisa kwake dzakaipisisa, asi haakumbiri kuregererwa kubva kuvanhu. Munyori haana kuzivikanwa kwake zvakaipa.

rufu

Knut Hamsun, ane Biography dzaitaurwa ino, vakafira kuchamuka yake Nornholm. The post-hondo shanduro munyori wemitambo yakatanga kuonekwa muNorway chete kubva 1962: vanongozvitaura sechinhu munyori, asi kugona kukangamwira sezvo nomukurumbira. In mhedziso, ratinoparidza yakakurumbira inoti kubva munyori mabasa ake.

mashoko

"Regai kutsamwa pa upenyu. No kudiwa utsinye, kunyatsoteerera uye akanaka upenyu. Tsitsi muzvitorere atidzivirire. Haugoni kufungidzira nezvinotaurwa vatambi kugadzirisa nayo. "

"Vanonyora - zvinoreva kuti vachipe pamusoro mudare."

"Nokuti zvose ndiri mweni, saka kakawanda kutaura pachangu."

"Mukuru ndiye anopa rinoreva kuti kuvapo kwevanhu, uye inosiya shure nhaka."

"Vazhinji zvakanaka inopfuura pasina zvikasawanirwa, asi zvakaipa rinobatanidza nemigumisiro."

"Kubva pabhenji ndinoona nyeredzi, uye pfungwa dzangu akakwidzwa muchamupupuri kwenyika".

"Upenyu - iri hondo nezuva nemadhimoni muuropi ake uye mwoyo."