Description Kalimantan

Island pamusoro Borneo - ndiwo Indonesian chikamu Borneo chitsuwa, ndiyo-zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu (532 205 sq km,.) Ayo zvachose nzvimbo (743,330 ba Km.). Maumbirwe chitsuwa Borneo, ayo papi, nenzvimbo zvinhu uye zvakasikwa zviri mubereko kuvafambi zhinji. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo pemahombekombe kubva munyika yose kuvimbisa kuti vakawanda vanoda mhuka.

Uripi chitsuwa Borneo

Iri mumwoyo Malay Archipelago, okumavirira mumakungwa mana, Kalimantan rinokwana sezvo vakawanda zvitatu inoti: Brunei, Malaysia uye Indonesia, izvo inoremekedzwa zvikuru mugove munyika uye ine neyenyika mana, ainzi maererano mapato chiedza: Central, West, South, East. Malaysian chikamu ndiyo 26% of zvachose nzvimbo uye rakakamurwa inoti Sabak uye Sarawak.

Chii urefu Kalimantan

Borneo, yechitatu pakukura nyika yaro saizi - iri nakisisa nzvimbo zvechokwadi, mesmerizing runako mhuka pamwe kwegore risingapindiki achinaya musango, akasiyana-siyana nzizi huru, siyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, zvimwe vamiririri izvo zvinowanikwa pano chete. Kubva kuchamhembe-kumavirira nokumusoro-kumabvazuva Kalimantan urefu anenge 1,100 makiromita. Pane mhirikiro inoverengeka kwayo zita: "Nyika Mango", "Diamond River" vachikudza rudzi womunharaunda - klemantanov. Kureba chitsuwa Borneo muna makiromita, ayo nzvimbo, nzvimbo uye hunhu kufarira vafambi vazhinji hope kusvika nharaunda iyi batana musango.

Island History

The Vagari vokutanga vakabva Africa, pachitsuwa Kalimantan ikoko kwenguva yakareba - anenge 50 000 apfuura. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi15 Borneo yakava chikamu Indonesian rezvitendero Majapahit, menzvimbo yaigarwa nevanhu vomunyika yacho, uye voenda nechokumusoro kusvika 18 emakore vaiva zvaibudirira kwemakore iwayo Sultanate pakati Brunei. VokuEurope vakatanga kuongorora ndima Kalimantan muzana remakore rechi16 uye ragara pasi pamusoro payo zvakasimba zvakakwana; kunyange yeDutch akavamba East India Company, raiva nechinangwa ekisipoti kuna ichangobva kuwanikwa nyika zviwanikwa.

Gare gare, chitsuwa Kalimantan (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa) raiva yaitonga nhaka Netherlands, pakupedzisira rokumukunda muzana remakore rechi19. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yakanga ine eJapan. Independence of Zimbabwe Indonesia zvakazivikanwa muna 1950.

A zvishoma pamusoro Dayak

Kalimantan Island (Photo zvakajeka rinopa zvose pristine kunaka izvi zvemashiripiti nzvimbo) iri kuchengeta kubva kukurumidza mberi budiriro. Hapana nhoroondo yekare Zvivako uye dzisina varaidzo. Chepakutanga vagere chitsuwa ndivo Dayak, zvimwe anotaurwa so "mapikira vavhimi" (pamwe netsika kuunza mumusasa misoro ake varwi marudzi aivavenga). Ivo musoro vanoomerera vakaisa pasi emakore tsika. Kuwanda Aboriginal vanhu vanhu vanenge miriyoni imwe, uye vanorarama nomurayiro nomusango, vagotengeseranamo kuvhima tsoko uye shiri vachibatsirwa zvombo yekare. Kunenge kuti munguva pakanyorwa mutinhimira upenyu vanongofarira pakureba pachitsuwa Kalimantan? Km. Dayaks vaigara mumisha refu, akadana lamins; neimwe inenge 50 vanhu. Kudada nokuda vanhu vake, ivo heroism uye mutsa runoratidzwa kutsika vachitamba - the chiseko zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi uye inonakidza.

The zvachose vagari Kalimantan vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 10, vakawanda vavo vanogara rwizi nemabhengi ari mubasa kurimwa munyika. City vanogara kufanana wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana.

Kalimantan dunhu

Central Kalimantan - chikuru mupurovhinzi chitsuwa chiri nzvimbo 153564 mativi mamita. makiromita. Pakutanga, nzvimbo iyi panoonekwa yakasimba kwegore risingapindiki dondo nomusango, apo kumaodzanyemba nayo - ndiko moorland, makomo vakawanda nzizi, uye nechokuchamhembe ndiwo makomo. Rokumusoro wavo - Bukit Vasu, richisvika 2278 metres kureba uye riri pamuganhu Central uye West Kalimantan. Guta chitsuwa runonakidza runoonekwa kuna Palancar, pakutanga pamuviri sezvo guru Indonesia.

Southern Borneo - akapfuma yakaorera dunhu anozivikanwa yakakura yecocoa simbi uye (36985 mativi makiromita.) Miti inogadziriswa rabha uye yakapatsanurwa massif Miratus muzvikamu zviviri: makomo ne gobvu mvura dondo uye nokumapani nzizi dzakawanda, wakarebesa iyo - Barito (pakureba 600 km). Guta guru South Kalimantan ndiro Bandazharmasin guta dzinoratidzwa migero yakawanda uye anonakidza dzomumaguta mapurani. Chiratidzo guta ndiyo chechi Sabila Muhtadin, nomukurumbira minareeteissa yakareba. Mukuru pfungwa nokukwezvwa kwayo kujairika zvinoyangarara musika kurwizi anofinha uye rwizi makwara. Zvayaiva pedyo Bandazharmasina nemigodhi yemadhayamondi, apo migodhi rinoitwa anokosha. In Borneo ari kugadzira deposits pakati nengoda uye mafuta, uye kugadzirwa mafuta ari ikure emari Indonesia uye Brunei.

East Kalimantan ndokwenguva nzvimbo 194.849 mativi mamita. ? km uye chechipiri pakukura chikamu chacho chikuru guta Samarinda, ndicho chikamu chikuru vezvokutengeserana chiteshi, iri Mahakam River Delta uye zvivako akakurumbira pamusoro stilts uye matanda. Samarinda ndiyo inozivikanwa rwokugadzira ayo: zvishongo pamwe maparera, yakarukwa Rattan bagatelles, kuti micheka wakaisvonaka nokuda sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Western Borneo (146,807 ba. Km) riri thinned nzvimbo dzinopisa masango uye peat bogs. Pano, sezvo kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa chacho, kune vazhinji nzizi, uye vakawanda vavo izere mvura gore rose. Barito, Mahakam uye Kapuas navigable anoverengeka zana makiromita. Nenzira, pachitsuwa pane vaviri Kapuas River, mumwe icho kunoitika West Kalimantan uye anonzi wakarebesa rwizi muna Indonesia (1040 km) uye wakarebesa rwizi munyika chacho. Second Kapuas 600? Km kureba iri mutero kubva Barito uye runoyerera nechepakati chikamu chacho. Guta guru West Kalimantan ndiro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa guta Pantianak kuyambuka neequator mutsetse. Attractions vakakodzerwa pfungwa vashanyi ndiro Abdurrahman Mosque, Sultan Palace Kadriarh, Museum of Ceramics uye porcelain, uye City Museum ane chinonakidza sezvamunoita, yakatsaurirwa tsika dzavanhu yekare.

Mamirire zviri Kalimantan

Vakawanda National Parks vanoparadzirwa vakakomba chitsuwa, vanoratidza ukuru inopisa hunhu, kusiyana uye kusiyana nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Flora Borneo mupfumi uye siyana: mhuka ndoga akapa 222 marudzi, izvo 44 vari endemic. Pano unogona kuwana netsoko makuru, nzou, kubhururuka lemurs, vakawanda mhando zviremwaremwa, ingwe, garwe, chine nyanga mbiri chipembere. Mumasango pane akawandisa shiri - rudzi 600. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo: Bird - Rhino, chihwenga, Argus. The Fauna of arthropods nezvipembenene saka zvakawanda kuti haisati zvichigere Akaongorora. Nemiti iri hunodzorwa pandanus, mashenjere Ficus multicore, inova rose matanda okunamata nawo, vakaumba zvemuchadenga midzi nomuti anogona kusvika kukwirira 15-30 mamita.

masango akasvibira yakakura miti inomera kuti kureba makiromita rimwe nehafu. Pakati pavo - the sandalwood uye rasamala. Matanda vamiririri ava chirimwa nyika kunokosha chaizvo uye ndiyo hwaro achigadzirira anonhuhwirira zvinokosha anonhuwirira, Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti uye balsams. The nenhongonya gomo akafukidzwa vakavhengana uswa Mafuro uye mumatenhere ose nemiti. Coast of Kalimantan kunyanya wetlands uye yakaderera-nhema, vane zvishoma anodzivirira bays. Mhenderekedzo atambanudza inoratidza refu chipingamupinyi the reef.