Muskeg: dzidzo, zera, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Zvinenge chero nzvimbo nenzvimbo anogona kuonekwa zvakadaro zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa nzvimbo sechinhu peat deveteve. chitoro ichi hombe matura simba, nyika itsva yakaorera uye mvura tangi, ichipa simba nzizi.

tsananguro

Swamp akadana nyika dzinodiwa zvakawandisa hwevhu uye stagnate pamusoro pemvura rose gore. Nokuda kwokushaya tsvina mvura gradient hakuitiki, uye mvura-rudo mugove iri zvishoma nezvishoma chakafukidzwa nezvinomera. Somugumisiro, kushaya mhepo uye kunyanya mwando pamusoro pemvura peat deposits vari aumba. ukobvu ravo kazhinji haana masendimita asingasviki 30.

Peat - zvicherwa senzira huni mungabva uye makemikari fetiraiza, saka marshes muri mukuru zvoupfumi kukosha.

Zvikonzero paumbwe peat bogs

Nhoroondo chidzoke makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 400. Modern "muduku" doro kusvika makore anenge 12,000 makore. nharaunda yavo zvachose yose nyika inenge mamiriyoni 2,682 mativi makiromita, izvo 73% zvawanikwa kubudikidza Russia. The kwaita anezvimiti kunotangira zvinhu zvinoverengeka: nyorovera okunze, zvakakurumbira landscape, kuvapo impermeable ivhu akaturikidzana uye napedyo kuti pasi.

Pashure kwenguva refu kunyanya mwando muvhu kuitika chaizvo pezvakaitwa inotisvitsa kuunganidza peat. Masango ezvinhu okisijeni nenzara kufa vakawanda nzvimbo Marsh zvinomera, vari dzakashandisa zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu akadai. izvi zvose zvinoita kuti zvimwe waterlogging, icho pamwe peat kuwanda. Kana kushaya okisijeni chirimwa residues anoora incompletely, zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza kuumbika peat deveteve.

uswa

Emandiriri zvinhu zvoupenyu zvinoita kuti pave dzakananga mumiti. Kushaikwa kwemvura muviri pave nokushayiwa kwesuko ari peat deposits. Izvi zvinotisvitsa chokuwanziridza pamusoro sphagnum chikwindi, zvisingagone kushivirira kuvapo kunyange zvishoma kwesuko mumvura.

Typical zvirimwa peatlands zvinofanira kusanganisira cranberries, blueberries, cloudberries, lingonberries, sundew, andromeda. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti vose vane zvinhu kudzivirira kurasikirwa mvura, runowanzoitika zvinomera, kuti vakawanda vari dzakaoma.

peat inotungamirwa

Inguva dombo makemikari ane kusvika 50% zvicherwa. It aripo bhitumini, humic acids vavo munyu, uye haana nguva anoora zvikamu chirimwa (madzinde, mashizha, midzi).

The chapamusoro rinofukidza peat deveteve ndiyo hydromorphous ivhu. Zvinonzi ine invertebrates uye Micro-zvinenge kuparidzira pedyo nemidzi uye rinobatanidzwa muviri mumwe chirimwa munharaunda. peat kuwanda anononoka chaizvo - gore zvakaturikidzaniswa ukobvu ichiwedzerwa asina kupfuura 1 mm. Izvi zvikuru kunobva kukura mwero mukuru peat-dzichiumbwa - sphagnum Moss.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu overlying akaturikidzana pakati peat iri nekuumbanidzwa, zvaitika makemikari kusanduka, uye kune inorganic mugove. The chaivo basa rukoko iri rakaramba kana mvura dhigiri nomumachakwi shanduka zhizha ipfupi kusvika 40 cm.

Peat - zvicherwa inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri siyana uye kurima. It anoshumira mbishi mashoko pakasikwa ine, asi jira simba. Peat inongomutsa zvinodhaka. Mano peat yekubata mvura rinogona kushandiswa sezvo zvekufuga zvipfuwo. Uyezve, iguru makemikari fetiraiza.

zvichireva peatland

High dziine abudise kuti wetlands zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti paiva kukanganisa kutsakatika kwavo. Muna 1971, Chibvumirano akanga nemasaini Ramsar, chinangwa rakanga kuchengetedza wetlands. nyika pane anenge 60 vari kuitawo nhasi (kusanganisira Russia), riri kunyanya kunetseka nechinetso kunyangarika peat bogs.

Chero doro wechisikigo gungwa. Pamwe chete, ivo ikwane kashanu mvura yakawanda yakachena kupfuura zvose nzizi munyika. Peat bogs vanobatanidzwa mukuita nzizi zvokudya. Remasangano vavo vanokwanisa kumisa dondo moto. Ivo humidified mhepo kupinda akapoteredza nzvimbo uye vanoshumira vamwe firita. Mugore 1 hectare doro absorbs kubva mumhepo kusvika 1500 makirogiramu pamusoro carbon dioxide, kupatsanura 500 makirogiramu okisijeni. Peat dzokubudisa zvinowanzoita kuti kuparadzwa marshes, uye somugumisiro, akava kudzika rwizi, inoumbwa kwevhu, pane kuchinja kwenzvimbo.

The peat zviri zvakanaka akachengetedza zvemakore, zvisaririra zvinomera, mukume, mbeu, izvo unogona kudzidza yakapfuura redu. Inowanikwa peat bogs vakabatsira Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti akawana kuti mamwe mhuka aigona chete kumirira kunze uko kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.

Swamp - ichi ndicho chiduku sei munhu kupindira mararamiro, saka chinhu yakachengeteka nokuda Zvirimwa zvakawanda nemhuka dziri muna Red Book. Apa pane michero zvinokosha, zvakadai cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries.

Umambo midzimu

It richiripo akawandisa nyaya uye ngano chokuita anezvimiti. Havana refu vakakwezvwa vanhu varo chakavanzika uye panguva imwe chete kutya. Izvi hazvishamisi, t. To. The dzakaonekwa dzimwe nguva anowana mu peat bogs zvakakonzera kutya chaiyo. Somuenzaniso, muna peat bogs yaiva Norway uye Denmark, dzasara vanhu vanenge mazana manomwe vakararama zviuru zvemakore apfuura dzawanikwa. Wading zvakavapoteredza saka zvakanaka conserved kuti kana mapfupa kana zvavo zvipfeko akapotsa havana kutendera kuti nguva yose iyi.

No zvishoma kutya akanyengera pamazuva akare chimwe chiitiko, izvo kazhinji vanogona kuonekwa doro. Chokutanga, pamusoro pemvura kwayo bulges huru sefuro, zvino vane ruzha watsemuka, uye Riri Kuwedzera Zvinoshamisa kumusoro ndege mvura kana tsvina. Vanhu vakatenda kwechishamiso ichi kwakakwidibira kuratidzwa nemweya yakaipa, midzimu yakaipa vaigara peat deveteve ose. Kutaura zvazviri, Fani iyi Chokwadi, pane tsananguro nesayenzi. Somugumisiro kuora + nomumachakwi zvinomera wakadenha methane gasi, riri vaunganidza pasi paiva sludge mujinga pasi deveteve. For guru kwazvo masumbu zvoitika saka putika womumwe. Zvikurukuru, gasi ichi anouya pamusoro akadzikama ari muchimiro matema duku.

Naizvozvo, rakaipisisa chinhu pane ngozi peat bogs, zvingangoguma moto, izvo zvinowanzoitika pashure kuomesa.