Kukurwa kwevhu chacho chinokonzera

Kukurwa kwevhu - ichi chinhu chakajairika muitiro umo kuparadzwa ivhu uye ivhu uye ndege nehova uchanyangadika, dutu, mvura uye kudiridza mvura kana mhepo. Damage kudaro rakakura zvikuru. Kukurwa kwevhu akatotanga wakasuduruka 2 Bln. Hectares nyika nokuda zvokurima zvinangwa, kusanganisira arable nyika (mamiriyoni 50. Maeka).

Ivhu kuzvipira kuporesa mugadziriro Zvisinei, kudzorera ukama rukoko Ukobvu 2.5 cm runodiwa makore 300-1000.

Mhando kukurwa kwevhu - iri mvura uye mhepo (deflation).

Kukurwa kwevhu siyana scours mukuvhiringidza ivhu kurapwa; Zvinoita nemipata, achidzikisa pasi nzvimbo pasi zvirimwa; achiparadza Migwagwa akazara munda. On yokumusoro penyika pfupi yakatenuka iri zvikuru nevabereki kana kusuka zvachose chernozem layer hunobata yauinayo.

kukurwa kwevhu Zvinokonzera

Kuwanda panowanikwa kwevhu ari chaizvo kuchinjwa ekunze, Nzvimbo, ivhu rinokukurwa kudzora Kugadzikana, zvinomera munzvimbo idzi, upfumi basa revanhu uye zvimwewo.

Kukurwa kwevhu kunobva okunze, nekuti kunowedzera kupera somugumisiro kuchinja kamwe kamwe ari tembiricha, uwandu uye kusimba kunonaya, mhepo nokukurumidza uye simba. Low ivhu tembiricha yakadzika Ndinoda, uye kusimba kwayo thawing uye kubvunda chando kunokanganisa mwero mvura infiltration muvhu, iyo kunokanganisa mvura kuyerera, uye anozoumbiridzwazve Kuparara.

Water kukurwa kwevhu ndiyo gully (struychatoy, Linear) planar uye kudiridza (kudiridza).

Kana munguva yechando mawere echando kufamba kwemhepo nemhepo yakasimba, ivhu iri pachena, yaita chando uye chinonditadzisa soka yakarukutika mvura. Izvi zvinokonzera ane ndichibvunza chokubuda mvura.

Mhepo Kunochinjawo muitiro mvura kukurwa kwevhu, nokuti redistributes chando pamusoro kwenzvimbo, yozodzokera kubva nemitenusirwa hova, matanda uye zvichingodaro. D.

Deflation runotsamira kwevhu kwesimba mhepo, kutanga kuonekwa pa mwero anenge 12 m / s imwe nekukwirira vanenge 10 M pamusoro ivhu pamusoro.

Wind havukavu inobvawo pane rezvinomera. On forestless kwedenga, prairies, mhepo kukurumidza dzimwe nguva inosvika 30 m / s, uye musango uye inowanzorimwa mapazi ari madiki.

Precipitation anogona kuderedza kukurwa kwevhu mhepo, asi zvakawanda wavo kunoita mvura.

Kuwanda kuparadzwa sei kwenzvimbo, kuti steepness uye urefu neyemitenusirwa, upamhi Watershed. The refu uye steeper Nemikwidza kunonyanya kwenzvimbo damage kwevhu uye kukomba nemigumisiro yayo.

Status uye maitiro nevhu sei mwero wokuparadza. Saka qualitatively ostrukturennye, chernozem siyana friability, mvura permeability, uye saka kupera uye eko kwavari huduku zvikuru.

Kukurwa kwevhu kunoenderana zvokuimba Kuronga ivhu. Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu, mhepo zvikuru kubatwa kwevhu lightweight ivhu - jecha uye jecha loam. Clay nevhu kupesvedzera deflation chete unzenza, huruva sepakutanga. Nyore kuparadzwa nemhepo calcareous nevhu - mashava uye dema pasi. Alkaline nevhu uye munyu inonanzva - mhepo nemishonga.

Nokuda zvinomera yekudyidzana kushoma kana kuti kwakapera zvachose nedanho kukurwa kwevhu. Furidzira madonhwe emvura adonhe kurigamuchira nemiti nemvura iri rakaramba riri chirimwa mashizha uye uswa zvinoshamisa DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA mvura iyerere.

Kukurwa kwevhu ipfupi, kana pasi vakafuka perennial rekushongedzesa zvinodzivirira ivhu kubva kwechirwere madonhwe emvura adonhe uye mhepo, kuwedzera mvura permeability.

On the erosive pezvakaitwa yakafurira zvikuru upfumi basa vanhu. With nokuwedzera kuwanda kwenzvimbo yakadyarwa musara zvirimwa, anowedzera kusimba kukurwa kwevhu.

Kana kunyanyisa zvokuimba Tillage atomization wayo kunoitika, iro anowedzera semhepo uye mvura nemvura. Soil compaction kunokonzera ndima kuburikidza kusango rinorema purazi michini kuti kunoderedza ayo mvura-permeability, vakawedzera mvura kuyerera dilutes uye crow.