Sei mhuka ona? Chii mavara akasiyana?

Eyes - muviri chaiyo, iyo rusununguko zvose zvipenyu panyika. Tinoziva pane chii mavara tinoona nyika, uye kuti sei zvinooneka mhuka? Ndezvipi mavara vakaona katsi, uye izvo vasiri? Black-uye-chena chiratidzo kana imbwa? Zivo chiratidzo mhuka ichatibatsira kuti kutarisa vakwanise nyika yakatipoteredza uye kunzwisisa maitiro avo dzinovavaraidza.

Zvinoumba

Asi, sei mhuka kuona? Maererano nedzimwe zviratidzi muchiratidzo mhuka pakukura pane kuti munhu, asi anopa kukwanisa kusiyanisa mavara. mhuka Most anogona chete kuona imwe mhando nokuda palette kwavo. Somuenzaniso, kwenguva yakareba zvakanga vaidavira kuti imbwa anogona chete kuona nhema uye chena. A nyoka panguva bofu zvose. Asi zvichangobva netsvakurudzo kuti mhuka ona wavelengths siyana, kusiyana nevanhu.

Isu, kuburikidza chiratidzo, tinowana vanopfuura 90% mashoko pamusoro nyika dzinoitwa nesu. Eyes isu - yemamiriro pfungwa nenyere. Sezvineiwo, pamberi mhuka pamusoro wayo nekuomarara yekudyidzana kupfuura hwevanhu. Hapana chakavanzika kuti raptors kuona 10 nguva nani. Eagle anokwanisa kuona chakaurawa kutiza kure anoverengeka zana metres, uye Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi anovhima njiva kubva kukwirira imwe kiromita.

The musiyano iri chokwadi kuti vakawanda mhuka huru kuona murima. Photoreceptor mumasero the retina weziso chinotarisa chiedza, uye rinobvumira mhuka, usiku, takwira chiedza Rwako mune photons shoma. Uye chokwadi kuti meso mhuka dzakawanda hwihwinyara murima, nokuti kuti pasi the retina ibhuku rakasiyana tichifungisisa rukoko inonzi tapetum. Zvino ngatitarise wacho kwemarudzi.

Horses

Graceful mabhiza uye maziso ake upenyu kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anogona kuramba hanya. Asi vaya vari kudzidzira kuchovha, kazhinji kutaura kuti tinosvika kuna bhiza musana iri ngozi. Asi nei? Sei mhuka kuona zvavanenge zvichiitika shure kwenyu? Chokwadi, pashure zvose - bhiza riri shure mapofu nzvimbo, uye saka inogona nyore kuva nokutya uye gotora.

Meso bhiza dziri zvokuti unogona kuonekwa munzira mbiri. chiratidzo wake, sezvo akanga muzvikamu zviviri - ziso rimwe anoona mufananidzo, nokuti kuti maziso vari kumativi musoro. Asi kana bhiza anotarira achitevedza mhino, ipapo iye anoona mumwe mufananidzo. Uyewo, mhuka iyi yakanaka peripheral chiratidzo uye kuona yorubvunzavaeni.

Wedzera zvishoma yakaitwa. Muna the retina, chero chisikwa chipenyu receptors vari marudzi maviri: pematanda uye pasikweya. Of uwandu pasikweya kunoenderana ruvara chiratidzo, uye matanda vane basa peripheral. Mabhiza nhamba nezvimiti akavamba pamusoro chii murume, asi cône receptors akafanana. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mabhiza vane ruvara chiratidzo.

katsi

Vakawanda dzimba vakabata mhuka, uye vakawanda Chokwadi, katsi. mhuka Sight, kunyanya felines, yakasiyana zvikuru kubva munhu. Mboni katsi haisi kumativi, semhuka vakawanda, uye elongated. Iye inonyatsoziva vakawanda sechiedza muduku aienda pamusoro pakakoromoka. chakarurama ichi inoti kuti iri the retina mhuka huru nhamba tsvimbo-receptors, zvavakaita kuona zvakakwana murima.

Zvakadini ruvara zvaakaratidzwa? Ndezvipi mavara vanoona katsi? Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura zvakanzi vaidavira kuti katsi kuona nhema uye chena. Asi netsvakurudzo kuti katsi mhuri vari zvakanaka kusiyanisa kuchena, girini uye zvitema mavara. Vanoonawo zhinji noruvara ndachena - kusvika 25 zvenzwi.

Dogs

Dog chiono zvakasiyana kuti izvo isu vakajaira. Kana iwe dzokera kune anatomi, mhando nhatu cône receptors vanowanikwa dzevanhu ziso:

• Wokutanga anoona-refu chinozunguzirwa nemwaranzi, izvo kusiyaniswa Orange uye tsvuku.
• Chechipiri - medium-. Zviri dzimwe wavelengths izvi tinoona yeyero uye girini.
• Chechitatu, ukuwo, anogamuchira mafungu pairi kusiyanisa zvitema, nezvishava.

Meso mhuka kusiyaniswa kuvapo marudzi maviri cône masero, saka imbwa havagoni kuona tsvuku uye Orange mavara.

Musiyano uyu handiyo chete chinhu - imbwa hyperopia uye kuona zvakanaka zvinofamba zvinhu. The kure yavakanga kuona usingazungunuke chinhu, rinoumbwa kusvika 600 metres, asi kubvongodzwa chinhu imbwa akacherechedza kare 900 metres. Hazvina nemhaka iyi zvakanaka kwete kutiza chetyrehlapyh varindi.

Vision anenge asiri huru mutumbi imbwa, vakawanda vanotevedzera munhuwi uye nokunzwa.

Zvino ngatitarise muchidimbu - chii mavara imbwa kuona? In izvi akafanana nevanhu, ruvara-mapofu, vaona zvitema, nezvishava, yellow uye mutema, asi musanganiswa mavara ingaita navo chete chena. Asi imbwa zvakanakisisa, uyewo katsi, anokudzwa pfumbu ruvara, pamwe kusvika 40 mavara.

mhou

Vazhinji vanotenda, uye isu vanowanzoratidzwa kuti mumhuri zvinetsoka hoofed tisanzwe tsvuku. Kutaura zvazviri, meso mhuka idzi ndinoona ruvara palette ari damerau chaizvo damerau zvenzwi. Naizvozvo, nzombe nemhou yakanyanyobatsira vanoteerera racho pane kuti mbatya dzako kana kupendwa chii ruvara t pamberi yakagadzirwa yavo. Sezvineiwo, sezvo munhu akafanana, kana chake kutanga vazvizunguzire nomucheka isanamira, kupinda kutengeserana, iri scruff pamusoro pfumo?

Asi, sei mhuka kuona? Mhou, maererano nemamiriro meso avo, vanokwanisa kusiyanisa mavara ose: michena, yellow uye girini, tsvuku uye orenji. Asi chete vaneta uye diffuse. Sezvineiwo, pamberi mhou zvakafanana rinokudza girazi, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi vari kazhinji kutya paakaona zvakakodzera vanhu pakarepo kwavari.

kuzvirotera mhuka

Mhuka dzakawanda, usiku, vane meso guru. Somuenzaniso, ari tarsier. Izvi Tsoko shoma uyo anoenda kuvhima usiku. haina kupfuudza munhu puroteni, asi ndiyo chete primate munyika, zvokudya pamusoro zvipembenene dzvinyu.

Meso mhuka iyi ndiyo huru uye regai avo nezvigadziko. Asi apo tarsier kusanduka chaizvo pamutsipa kunoita kuti tenderera ake madhigirii musoro 180 zvachose. Rinewo inoshamisa peripheral chiono unokubvumira kuona kunyange ultraviolet nemwaranzi. Asi ruvara chinosiyanisa tarsier simba chaizvo, semhuka zvose usiku.

Ndinoda kutaura pamusoro vakawanda vaigara muguta usiku - zviremwaremwa. Kwenguva yakareba zvakanga vakafunga kuti havasi kunakidzwa maonero, uye kubhururuka chete kuburikidza echolocation. Asi zvichangobva netsvakurudzo kuti vane chiono wakanakisisa usiku uye zvakawanda - zviremwaremwa vanokwanisa kusarudza vanobhururuka kurutivi inzwi kana batidza chiratidzo usiku.

zvinokambaira

Kuudza sei mhuka kuona, haagoni kuva ndakanyarara pamusoro sei vachiona nyoka. Ngano pamusoro Mowgli, apo Boa ake anopenya mesmerizing tsoko, zvichiguma tichishamisika. Asi ichokwadi? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Nyoka varombo aiona, zvinokanganisawo unodzivirira ganda kufukidza reptilian maziso. Kubva ichi akadana vakuru sokuti mikukutu uye kugadzira kwerudzii rinotyisa, rakanzi ngano. Asi pamberi nyoka haina kukosha, vachingoshandisa, vari kurwisa zvinofamba zvinhu. Saka, mune rungano, uye akati kuti Tsoko vagere vadhakwa - ivo nomuzvarirwo vaiziva sei kupukunyuka.

Havasi nyoka zvose vari chafariz sensors mhando, asiwo chiedza michini uye ruvara, ivo Munokudzwa. Nyoka ine binocular chiratidzo, izvo zvinoreva kuti iye anoona mifananidzo miviri. A uropi nokukurumidza processing mashoko, anopa wake pfungwa kukura, daro uye anorondedzera zvinogona chepaseka.

shiri

Shiri yarova kusiyana kwemarudzi. Sezvineiwo, chiratidzo nokuda muchikwata ichi zvipenyu, zvakare, muri zvakasiyana. Zvose zvinoenderana worudzii mararamiro anotungamirira shiri.

Saka, tose tinoziva kuti zvikara vane chaizvo Chinomufadza pake. Dzimwe zvapungu ungacherechedza zvavo kubva nekukwirira kupfuura kiromita nedombo kuwira pasi kubata naye. Uye Munoziva here kuti mamwe marudzi magora kuona ultraviolet chiedza, runovabvumira kuwana murima chinotevera mink munda makonzo?

zizi Anoshamisa havagoni kufamba meso avo, asi rusununguko aida kuchinja chaizvo mutsipa kuti unobvumira kuti kutendeuka ake madhigirii musoro 180. Parazitelno, asi ichi chikara vangaomerwa kuona murima uye kazhinji anobata nezvavakatapa, anotungamirirwa kunzwa.

Uye kurarama kumba kwako budgerigar ane chiratidzo zvakaisvonaka uye anokwanisa kuona zvose ruvara. Ongororo nekusimba kuti vanhu ava vari kusiyaniswa mumwe achishandisa inobwinya plumage.

Chokwadi, nhamba iyi yakakura chaizvo, asi tinovimba kuti chokwadi uchava richishanda kwauri kunzwisisa sei mhuka kuona.