Natural yevanhu kuderera - zvakawandisa yevanofa pamusoro pakuzvarwa

Chaizvo kunzwisisa pane mamiriro ano kuri muna Demographics Russian. Kana tikaenzanisa nyika tichitarisa vemo, Russia, Chokwadi, hakusi wokupedzisira nzvimbo. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvirevi kusavapo matambudziko. Funga zvakare kuti munhu wechisikigo kwevanhu kuderera.

pfungwa

Kana Russia panguva, kunyange kana huripo nhamba yokubererwa kufa paavhareji 1 zviuru. People. kufanana munyika dzokuMadokero, wevanotungamirira zvaizoora nani zvikuru. одна из наиболее актуальных проблем сегодня в стране. Natural kwevanhu kuderera - ichi ndechimwe kudiwa matambudziko munyika nhasi. It chinovapo somugumisiro zvakawandisa yevanofa pamusoro pakuzvarwa.

Sei vapemberere Extras, kana nhamba yevanofa nhasi yakachengetedzwa pachiyero 80-ies. remakore yokupedzisira, kana raivapo pari Indekisi kuzvarwa, nzvimbo nyika yedu maererano vemo kwaizova yepamusoro zvikuru. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti haisi kubereka, iri kuumba remangwana simba. It kunorondedzerwa maererano kunopindirana wembereko uye vanofa. . kusiyana dzavo, uyewo, unoratidza mwero rwokuzvarwa kuwedzera / vasanyanye vemo.

nhamba

Zvinofanira akati kuti pasi nenhanho kubereka nokuti mamiriro hakuna muduku ngozi pane yepanyama kwevanhu kuderera. подтверждается статистическими данными. Izvi kunosimbiswa nhamba. Mumakore apfuura 13, vanhu mamiriyoni 20.4 vakafa muna Russia, uye kubva muna 1992 kusvika 2004 - .. mamiriyoni 28.2 mupiro kuwedzera nhamba hwenyama azviratidza runa kupfuura kuderera mukuzvarwa unodiwa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti siyana manyuko Rosstat pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana nokuti ingangodaro kuongorora mukuru zvinoitwa depopulation.

1992. Со следующего, 1993-го г., ее показатель ниже 750 тыс. чел. Mugore rokutanga munhau dzemazuva ano, iyo yakanyorwa dzinongoitika hwevanhu kuderera - ndiyo 1992 Fume, 1993, panguva yayo mufananidzo asingasviki zviuru 750 vanhu .. Handina kuwa. Muna 1994, nokuti wokutanga post-hondo nguva rufu mwero vakapfuura vanhu mamiriyoni 2,3. Ukuwo, ikawanda dzinongoitika kwevanhu kuderera. был не одномоментный всплеск. Yakanga isiri imwe-nguva pakaitika. A itsva akaipa muitiro. Izvi kunosimbiswazve nemashoko Statistical vekare: kubva 1993 kusvika 1996 zvikavavarira vanopfuura zviuru 3250 vanhu, uye mumakore akatevera yakawedzera kusvika 3350 zviuru vanhu .... Muzana remakore rechi21 (kubvira 2001 kusvika 2004) indekisi vakapfuura 3550 zviuru. People.

compensating urongwa

в той либо другой степени возмещалось притоком мигрантов. Kuderera vanogara mune rimwe dhigirii kana mumwe mutsika recoverable vevanhu. Muna 1994 nhamba yavo yakanga 846 zviuru. People. Nenzira iyi, 95% attrition akanga zvaizopedza. In Kuongororwa uku mashoko mamwe makore ose rinoratidza zvishoma nezvishoma rutapudzo pamusoro compensatory basa yokutama kwacho. Kazhinji, anopfuura 13 makore depopulation ezvinhu akanga zvaizopedza munenge 35.2% (vanhu mamiriyoni 3,6.). Muna 1992-1996 nyika agamuchira kuburikidza vaitamira vanopfuura zviuru 2325 vanhu, uye kubvira muna 2001 kusvika 2004 - .. 282,000 Just. Pari, vaitamira pezvakaitwa, Chokwadi, regai nekure kukura rwokuzvarwa kuderera.

zvikonzero

Kuderedza uwandu pamutemo nenyanzvi yakabatana zvinoderedza iri rinoti Soviet Union ainzi vaitamira nekugona. Mumakore 90-XX. muna Russian akaramba vanhu vakabva dzakavakidzana. Panguva iyoyo isu nesimba pakati pavo Russian. To muduku pamwero pakati vatsva vakanga vakaberekerwa vana Kazakhstan, kuCaucasus, Chitatu Asia. Kazhinji, mune inoti dzose pedyo kunze kwenyika 1 zviuru. Vakokwa Russian muna 1989-2003, yakadzoka vanenge 370 vanhu Russia.

Dzakawanda vakaenda Belarus, mudukusa zvose - kuAzerbaijan. Nokuda mutsika Russian chavagari haana kutsauka 7, uye vanhu mamiriyoni chete 4. Maererano Verenga 2002, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1,5 yakawedzera mberi nokuda kuchinja chikamu Belarusians uye Ukrainians avo zvitupa.

Zvichakadai, nyanzvi sezvo chikuru chikonzero vanhu kuyerera rutapudzo kubva nyika dzakavakidzana aitaurwa vasanyanye inogona pakafunuka, uye kushandura kutama Kurongwa avo vashoma makore okutanga pashure pokuwa USSR akanga asingakwanisi kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Izviwo, kukanganiswa mitemo vakadzinganiswa hurumende yeRussia.

Utungamiri munyika, kunyanya vasingagoni kushandisa zvakanaka zvinhu. Pazvinhu rusarura, zvinoratidzwa kuitwa mitemo mutauro, vagari, kodzero dzokuvhota uye nezvimwewo. Mune dzimwe nyika kwaiva mutauro wokuRussia vakawanda akagadzirira kudzokera kunyika. Asi nenzira yake vakasangana vagari nezvipingamupinyi wakasika nezviremera. Saka, zvinodiwa zvavo zvose shure kuRussia nokukurumidza kuzodzimwa.

Tikaenzanisa nedzimwe nyika

Pashure pehondo, France, pasinei hapana zvishoma kunetseka upfumi bhora, aigona kudzoswa kubva North. Africa vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1.5-2, kureva. E. Vanenge vomunyika dzose. Germany shure vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 10-12, Japan - .. mamiriyoni 4,5 Izvi zvichaita kuti nyika kuwedzera vokuparidzira kubudikidza 5-6%. The post-hondo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika idzi kunoratidza Tichitarisa zveupfumi uye munezvematongerwo enyika. Rakabatwa ezvinhu akafanana, Russia akapotsa pakuguma 90s. Akaenda policies zvinopesana dzavo zvinodiwa nenyika. Izvi zvinoratidzwa rokutanga Somuenzaniso chisarudzo pakarepo pashure rusununguko, mutemo "On citizenship". Murau akasimbisa nezvipingamupinyi vanhu kudzoka kuRussia pashure 1992

The tipping pfungwa

Zvinofanira Zvisinei, kunzi, kuti pamberi 1999, kunyange kana yepanyama kurasikirwa vaitamira runoyerera kwakasara vasanyanye nhamba yevanhu vari Russia. Kubva 1992 kusvika 1998. nhamba yakanga 279 zviuru vanhu / gore (nhamba kukosha -. 1950 zviuru vanhu) ... Mumakore akatevera 6 makore, kuti rutapudzo akanga atova rakanaka - 4785 zviuru vanhu .. Saka, panguva depopulation mukuwanda vagari ungaderedza vanhu mamiriyoni 4.9-6.8 ne.

zvakawanikwa

Kusiyana nemamwe dzakabudirira, Russia ine nhamba zvinoitwa depopulation. ? Chii anotsanangura yepanyama yevagari kuderera? MuRussia, kuderera ibereke kusvika pa iro zvizvarwa anogona kutsiva 3/5 chete vorudzi nevabereki, vaisanganisa pamwe zvakawedzera kufa. The yokupedzisira, uyewo, akazoita upenyu hunotarisira makore 12-15, tichienzanisa nedzimwe inoti. Izvi zvakazoita kuti munharaunda iri kuera pamwe nyika dzakadai Vietnam, Guatemala, Honduras, Ijipiti uye zvichingodaro. MuEurope, hapana mamiriro umo hunotarisira vanhu upenyu hwaizova zvishoma pane muRussia.

mhedziso

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti yepanyama kurasikirwa haisi chinhu chitsva nyika munharaunda. Pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore. vachingotya depopulation akagara France. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 chete mamiriro ezvinhu anotarisana nevanhu dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Mukutanga 70-ies. pamusoro colour ose akanaka chaizvo kuti kukura yenzufu kokutanga ari yepashure pehondo yave vakapfuura uwandu pakuzvarwa. Izvi zvinhu zvikaramba nhasi.

The dzinongoitika Kuderera aona kubva 1975 muAustria. Mumakore maviri akatevera emakore, anodaro mumwe miserly kuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu (1 pers. Per 1 zviuru.). Zvinhu zvakanga zvakafanana Belgium uye Italy, uye muna 90-ies. - kuSweden, Spain uye Greece. In yechipiri yezana 80s. yepanyama kwokushanda kwakacherechedzwa muCzech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria uye vamwe inoti Eastern Europe.

Kubva 1999 kusvika 2004. muRussia nhamba yevanofa pagore pamusoro 800-950 kuzvarwa muzana zviuru. vanhu. The uwandu ipfupi nemiriyoni 750-900 gore negore. Mamiriro rakaoma nokuti vaitamira hachisisina compensatory basa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwero kuderera mune nhamba yevanhu vari Russia takatsunga kungotaurwa dzinongoitika wastage. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti hurumende iri rakadzika wevanotungamirira dambudziko.