Diesel wha: nokurondedzerwa uye wongororo

Chimwe chikuru zvinokanganiswa wokuRussia motokari indasitiri ndiko kushaya munhu guru Diesel mota. Tichifunga yomunharaunda vagadziri kushandisa dzimwe dzomuzana. Pokumuka Motors izvi vakatanga chete yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura, uye vanobudisa kuzvipedza ichiri hariwaniki. Next, isu funga Diesel Vaz motokari.

prerequisites

Yokutanga experimental Diesel motokari akazviratidza Europe iri 30s. rokupedzisira remakore. Mune USSR, izvi zvakaitika zvikuru gare gare, nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka.

Chekutanga, izvi simba zviumbu zvakaoma zvikuru kugadzira tichienzanisa peturu dzomuzana.

Chechipiri, diesels kuti nguva chaizvo lagged shure mutambo.

Chechitatu, Motors Local areva kunaka kuita: yakakwirira ruzha sandara, zvinetso chando kutanga, pasi kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari.

Chechina, panguva iyo peturu yakanga chisingakoshi chaizvo, saka kunyange vamwe rinorema michina akanga vakapakata peturu injini. Maererano diesels zvikonzero ainyanya kushandiswa pamusoro rinorema michina, apo vakanga zvakawanda akakodzera pane peturu injini nokuda kumusoro-torque.

Mumwe wokutanga Soviet mutakurwi motokari, kuwana Diesel injini, yava GAZ-21, ayo ekisipoti analogue: mune 60s. ZveBelgium muchina, yakanyatsoiswa wandei embodiments ratinoona michina wokumwe gadzira.

In 70-ies. Zvakatanga vanoshingaira kufambiswa Diesel injini mune motokari diki uye unosvikirwa makirasi. Chikonzero chikuru chaiva dambudziko 1973 Cars & Motors Local simba panguva iyoyo vakashanduka chaizvo. Vakanga kupfuura peturu dzomuzana maererano kunyatsoshanda uye mukurumari kubudikidza 1.5-2 nguva, nokuda simba zvikuru zvikamu. Performance iri dzinowedzerwa kushandiswa turbines.

vazovskiy Diesel First

On ari Volga Automobile Plant kutanga Diesel injini kuti mutakurwi mienzaniso kwakatanga 80s. Designers, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka injini ine peturu zvinoberekwa mabikirwo zvinoriumba, rikaratidzwa chirongwa musi 2108. In pamberi pavo paiva dambudziko kusavapo huni zvokushandisa Diesel injini kuti mutakurwi motokari.

Somugumisiro, pahwaro chinogumbura 2103 akasika mumhepo powerplant Vaz-341 vhoriyamu 1.45 litres uye 55 litres. a. Zvakasiyana precombustion magadzirirwo sechinoreva kwete carburetion pisitoni nharaunda, uye ari oga kamuri. Electronics vasipo. Kugovera mafuta ari sepombi vakatakura yakakwirira kumanikidzwa mafuta pombi. By design, Diesel Vaz akafanana Ford Motors uye Volkswagen mangwanani 80-ies. Inotaura kuti injini uye wokupedzisira mharidzo yatorwa kuti kukura.

Maererano pakuongororwa kwakaratidza kuti isanzwiwa kushandisa mutemo "peturu" zvikamu. Diesel Vaz, kufanana nezvimwe Motors of mhando inozivikanwa yakawedzera mitoro nokuda yepamusorosoro compression reshiyo. Nemhaka iyi vazhinji okunze achishayiwa simba, kunyanya crank mashandiro uye boka pisitoni. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuwedzerwa low nemazvo mukugadzira.

Kubva musi uyu, muna 1984, akanga asarudza kuumba 1,7 fő Diesel yakavakirwa Vaz-2106 vachishandisa zvinhu 21083.

Muna 1986 iye akasika munhu turbocharged shanduro 3411 anokwanisa 65 litres. a. uye 114 Numbers, uye ndokusunungurwa maviri vakapakata nayo, "niva" ine indekisi pamusoro 21215. Zvisinei, vari kunze kuti nokukurumidza.

Asi, Vaz-2105 aine 341-M injini akapiwa indekisi 21055, kwapfuura mamiriro kuongorora muna 1986-1988, zvisinei, pasinei kubatanidzwa injini ine peturu, motokari haana kumhanya mukurima. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti zvakawanda. Mumwe mukuru - kushaya wehurumende mari.

dzino Diesel injini

nguva Next nokuti kukura Diesel injini wha akatora muna 1996 ne "Barnaultransmash". Terms pamwe akafunga kuti chirimwa wechipiri richabudisa simba dzakabatana Vaz kukura. mhuri injini matatu zvakasikwa.

Yava kutanga 341-fung injini, vakawedzera kuti 1,52 litres vhoriyamu. More zvokufambisa injini 343 aiva Vhoriyamu 1.8 litres. Kusarudza simba kupfuura - ndizvo chete Diesel Vaz vakapakata Naizvozvo turbine, pamwe Indekisi 3431. The injini vakagamuchira mafuta midziyo Bosch.

Maererano neizvi vakatanga kuwanda Diesel okunatsiridza neezvitendero yokutevedzera. injini vakadaro aronga kushandiswa pamusoro utilitarian motokari. Saka, 21045 uye 21048 ngoro vakaronga kushongedzera aspirated embodiments 341 uye 343, ukuwo. On the "Fields" 21215-50 uye 21215-70 iiswe 1,8 fő vaingobvuma aspirated uye turbocharged michini, ukuwo, pamusoro Vaz-21315 - chete 3431.

By 2000 Barnaul Plant nyanzvi kugadzirwa Diesel michini, data, uye kuburikidza mutyairi kugadzirwa vakatanga pamusoro kugadzwa kuva Diesel injini Vaz-2104 uye 2105. motokari idzi anobudiswa mu batch diki.

Pasinei murombo kuita, injini mota akaswedera. Nokuti mwero unongotaura peturu simba chikwata kuderera simba rinomutsa hazvina kunyanya kukosha zvivezwa izvi, asi upfumi kwakawedzera zvikuru. Panguva iyoyowo injini aiva dambudziko rakafanana wokutanga 341 fung Diesel Vaz: nokuda yakaderera simba zvemaziso veboka pisitoni zvakanga pfupi-akararama chaizvo. Engine upenyu hwaiva 30-40 zviuru. Km. Paaizosvika zvaida mileage kwakadaro Repair Diesel Vaz, wakaumbwa ari yaitsiva humburumbira pamwechete pisitoni boka.

Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinetso zvakawanda rwokugadzira zvakagadziriswa, zvichiguma yakawedzera injini mukurumari. Zvisinei, muna 2003, Vaz-21045 akabviswa kugadzirwa. The yasara 500 injini Vaz-341 yakaiswa pamusoro sedans, vakagamuchira indekisi 21055. Total yakabereka anenge 6,000 Diesel motokari anopfuura 3 years.

Zvikonzero kukundikana

Kugadzirwa Diesel mutakurwi mota vakakundikana kuumba, nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. The chikuru kwavari - the unprofitability pakati nokubudiswa injini nokuti yekudyidzana yechinyakare zvakagadzirwa zvakadai. Injini yakanga yakafanana precombustion zano sezvo vokutanga 341-fung kumumvuri, uye yekudyidzana lagged seri ano dzomuzana maitiro uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari. Kuti vawane zvinogamuchirika waivako zvakafanira kusika akasiyana injini magadzirirwo. Independent budiriro vaiona maturo, uye michina vadyidzani kuti ichi chakanga chisiri. Mukuwedzera, zvigadzirwa dzinotengeswa zvakanaka Vaz uye pasina Diesel.

akakwereta injini

Sezvo pakanga pasina zvakakodzera mutakurwi gobvu Diesel Vaz kakawanda vakakwereta divi injini.

Saka, muna 1981, zvakanga vaiona mukana rokutendeutsa munhu peturu injini Vaz-2121 ari kutora chikamu kwe Diesel Porche.

Kubva 1987 kusvika 1990 mugadziri pavanoparidza imupota German Deutsche vakanciq kwakasimbiswa zano pave aina shanduro niva pamwe Volkswagen simba chikwata. Zvisinei, boka akaramba kuchinja ayo 1.9 fő injini kuna niva papuratifomu.

Muna 1993 iye akakwanisa kumisa pamwe saizvozvo pamwe Peugeot. NeFrench imupota Jean Nepo mugadziri pahunenge hwachinja ari 1.9L XUD-9L injini kuti kugadzwa muna Vaz-2121. Michina mugadziri vaita "vakanciq-Export". Kune vari anowanzoita kurwira "niva", uye mureza injini chikatsiviwa French. Total yakabereka vanenge 6,000 motokari akadaro France, Spain, Italy nedzimwe mumisika European.

Uyezve, muna Italy, "Martorelli" akashongedzerwa ne "niva" injini VM uye FNM.

Zvisinei, pakatanga kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa Euro-2 madiki kugadzirwa Diesel "Neve" apera.

Muna 1998, pamwe chete Peugeot uye "Martorelli" Vaz akaedza kumisa kugadzirwa "Fields" motor Peugeot XUD-9SD. Zvisinei, basa aifanirawo kumiswa nokuda pakatanga Euro-3 mitemo.

Uyezve, kubvira muna 1995 kusvika 1997 injini Mapisarema TDU5 kubva Peugeot 106 Citroën Saxo pamwe yechitatu-party pakapfava uye pamwechete navo yepakutanga vanomhanyisa Samara nokuda pamusika French uye Benelux nyika.

Recent kuedza

Muna 2007, Chevrolet niva mumwe nomumwe vade "Theme Plus" hunoronga FNM injini.

Muna 2014, vakanciq 4x4 akaongorora 1,3 fő 75 zvapano. a. injini Fiat Multijet. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanga zvisingaenderani nezvinotaurwa kwemashoko torque vakaomerwa kana analoginen hushande wiring kuti unogona-bhazi.

motokari Super Akaongorora mukana yokumisa kuti "vakanciq" 4x4 1.5 fő Diesel injini kubva Renault Duster kubudikidza 2015. Mukuwedzera, experimental motokari wakasikwa aine 100-horsepower 1.8 fő injini.

The namaapuro Diesel injini

Basic simba chikwata dzakatevedzana akasikwa upgrading vokutanga 341-fung injini Vaz: Diesel akanga yakawedzera 4 mm pisitoni sitiroko (84 mm). With mari iyi yakawedzera kubva 1.45 kusvika 1,52 litres. akaita Cylinder musoro aruminiyamu, mutungamiriri the bushing, vharuvhu chigaro - dzendarama yakapambadzirwa kukandira simbi inoisa combustion makamuri - of superalloy. Gas Kuparadzirwa mashandiro akakweretwa kubva Vaz-2108. Kushanda nzira pavakayambukira vharafu huri elektropereplava. Crankshaft - kubva 2103 pamwe zvakawedzera kuomarara tolerances vakaparadzira unotii. Inosimudzira Rigidity of kuraswa mamiriro 2103. Ndakamisa incandescent makenduru. Motor Starter akashongedzerwa inokwana 1,7 KW (1.9 muna Vaz-21055). Izvi zvaida mukuru-kukwanisa bhatiri (AA maawa 60 kana 65). Uyezve, akagadza Bosch mafuta pombi uye Vacuum pombi kuumba munhu Vacuum iri akamedura booster.

Pane deforsirovan nadzurudzo 3413 rakagadzirirwa tsindirana nematarakita anofamba uye yemagetsi tikachirega. Kubva zvatinosiita 341-fung injini yakasiyana muganhu kufadza kukwira 3000 panzvimbo 4800.

1.8 fő injini vakasikwa kuwedzera humburumbira dhayamita kubva 76 kusvika 82 mm.

Pane turbocharged Variants 1.45 fő injini 341 (3411) uye Vaz-343 (3431 pamwe turbine Naizvozvo)

rwokugadzira unhu

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nokuti zvisingachashandi design Vaz-341 ane pasi zvibereko sezvo zvichienzaniswa analogs kane idzodzo. Kukwanisa wayo 54 litres. a. pa 4600 Zvak / Maminitsi, kuti torque - 92 Numbers pa 2300 Zvak / min. Kureva, kunyange pazuva rechipiri chakarurama, rinopa nzira kuti peturu injini (103 Numbers panguva Vaz-21043). Wekumusoro-soro-torque yakaderera aimhanya inopiwa nevamwe Graphics kuita uye kuderedzwa giya reshiyo.

Version 3413 derated kusvika 32 litres. a. pa 3000 Zvak / min.

Sezvingatarisirwa, tibudirire 1,8 L Diesel Vaz: nokurondedzerwa kuti 65 litres. a. pa 4600 Zvak / Maminitsi uye 114 Numbers pa 2500 Zvak / min.

Turbocharged musimboti hwapedyo 80 l. a. pa 4600 Zvak / Maminitsi uye 147 Numbers pa 2500 R / min.

Diesel motokari

Kuisa Diesel nokuda Vaz-2104 rakanga raitwa muDhipatimendi nazvo uye yokugadzirisa Vaz mota. Mutyairi wendege kugadzirwa akatanga muna 1998, kwokusunungura munhu batch mangé 50 michina vane 341-M Diesel (21045).

Gare gare vakatanga kuedza muchina pamwe 343-fung injini (21048) uye ayo dzokororo (zvekuvaka vakaedza kuwedzera kusvika 150 zviuru. Km). Rakanga akada kugadzirwa muna 2005, asi vakakundikana.

Vaz-21315 wakagadzirirwa resununguro muna 2002, asi kwete kumhanya.

Features

Diesel ngoro inoratidza zvimwe magadzirirwo zviri kubva peturu Vaz-2104. Diesel nokuda vakawanda zvikuru aida kumisa yanyatsosimba pamberi kuturika yechirimo. Main peya yakatsiviwa 4.1 kusvika 3.9. Kuti aripire chichiwedzera ruzha kubva Diesel injini kuiswa iri injini mupanda mamwe inzwi kuputira (kudzivirira Hood uye dzimba). Pedza nyere akaputirwa loop kuitira kudzivisa kusvibiswa rworudyi rambi chin'ai. On the dashboard paiva sokupenya chivhariso kudziyisa rambi uye kiyi yacho mafuta Sefa hita (mu iyi hazvisi pamusoro mwenje).

Reviews

Nokukurumidza pashure venhau "vhiri" ruzivo ngoro Vaz Diesel. Reviews zvinoratidza zvakawanda kuzvidzora uchishandisa injini yakaderera revs. Saka, kunyange kuti pasi nzira inogona kuva 5th giya, uye 30 km / h rinotanga mvere vaise. Kana uchityaira yokutsanya, nekusiyana, unofanira chinja kakawanda kupfuura peturu motokari, nokuda pfupi chikuru vaviri. Saka chero kana simba pamusoro Diesel motokari iri kure shure. Chete panguva yakaderera aimhanya, zvishomanana zvinobatsira.

The kumhanyisa kusvika 100 km / h Peturu Vaz-2104 nokukurumidza 8. Kunze Diesel muchina muduku kunonyanyisa kumhanya 13 km / h. Kana kuwedzera kubva sitiroko kubva 20 kusvika 90 km / h zvishoma pane pakakoromoka (anenge 3 seconds). Mukuwedzera, wongororo mabhuku "Auto", mumwe Diesel kufambira pavakanzwa gasi chitiviri.

Panyaya yakakwirira ruzha pamwero, uko kazhinji dzinoratidzwa akadaro injini, Diesel Vaz yekudyidzana zvinonzwika ari simbe (6-8 db (A)). With kuwedzera nokumukirana musiyano ipfupi ne 3.1 db (A), uye ipapo haarambi.

The pakuongororwa venhau akapiwa 10% musiyano iri avhareji mafuta kudyiwa makawanda ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kubatsira nemari yokushandisa Diesel injini ine injini chinotsva mutengo panguva bvunzo yakanga 36%. Vatori akaverenga kuti hombe $ 1,300 Mari muchina kunobatsira kuti 180 zviuru. Km.

Feedback kubva kuona Vaz-21048, yava akatendeuka kubva zvikuru pakati nepakati uye, nemhaka zvakawanda mukuru-torque, kunoita kuti chinja zvishoma zvikuru.

Pamwe chete injini yacho yakaratidza zvakanaka pacharo "niva", kunyanya kure-munzira.

Vaz-3411 akatendeuka pamusoro injini zvakafanana hunhu 2121. Kufanana peturu injini, zvakanaka hworatidza pacharo panguva pamatunhu aimhanya. Kana panguva yakaderera kumhanya vaise dererei kunyange pane vaya Vaz-21213, kuti anotaurwa Turbo lag.

mutambo

Nokuda kwakanyanya kurema chinovhura motokari Vaz-21045 chakawedzera kusvika 1,06 M (40 makirogiramu zvichienzaniswa 21043), zvachose - kusvika 1,515. Maererano mugadziri, kuti kumhanyisa kusvika 100 km / h muna 23 chik (6 zvakawanda), kufadza kumhanya - 125 km / h (asingasviki 18 km / h). Mafuta kudyiwa 5.2 litres pa 90 km / hr, 7.5 fő pa 120 km / h uye 6.2 L zvine mumaguta ezvinhu (7, 9,9, 9.8 L muna 21043, ukuwo).

The muchina pamwechete 343-M injini emuchina pedyo peturu yemapurisa ngoro Vaz. 1.8 fő Diesel kunopa kumhanyisa kusvika 100 km / h masekondi 19 uye vaifanira kumhanya 133 km / h.

Kumhanyisa Vaz-21215-50 kusvika 100 km / h muna 25 s, kufadza velocity iri 127 km / h pamusoro 19 uye 137 km / h vane 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 nokuti simba pamusoro kumhanyisa akaenzana peturu "Field" uye lags panguva kunonyanyisa kumhanya 7 km / h.