Dmitry Merezhkovsky: Biography. Poems, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich akaberekwa muna 1866 kuSt Petersburg. baba vake akashanda chiduku wamambo mukuru. Dmitry Merezhkovsky nemakore 13 akatanga kunyora nhetembo. Makore maviri gare gare, achiri mwana wechikoro, akashanyira pamwe baba vake F. M. Dostoevskogo. Munyori mukuru akawana nhetembo simba, yotunga munyori akati kuti kuitira kuti kunyora zvakanaka, unofanira kutambura. Panguva iyoyowo Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich akasangana Nadson. Pakutanga, iye aitevedzera kwaari nhetembo dzake, uye kuburikidza kutanga kupinda mabhuku milieu.

The pakuonekwa muunganidzwa nhetembo okutanga

Muna 1888 akabudisa muunganidzwa rokutanga Merezhkovsky, akadana anongoti - "Poems". Mudetembi pano ari mudzidzi Nadson. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa ne Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky pakarepo anogona kutora yakazvimirira matauriro, kutanga kutaura pamusoro mufaro uye simba, kusafanana nedzimwe vadetembi, vaiona pachake mudzidzi Nadson, uyo "whined" riri simba ravo uye timelessness.

Education mu Africa, unokwezva positivism uzivi

Dmitry kubva 1884 akadzidza pa St. Petersburg uye Moscow kumayunivhesiti, History uye Philology. Panguva ino Merezhkovsky kufarira muuzivi positivism, uye akaita shamwari vashandi ava, "Northern Herald", sezvo G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, saka akatanga kunzwisisa populist nzvimbo zvinetso vanhu. Zvisinei, chido ichi, yakanga pfupi-akararama. Kuziva chete nhetembo pakati Vladimir Soloviev uye European Symbolists yekudyidzana yakachinja maonero Nyanduri. Dmitry anoramba "kunyanyisa kuda pfuma" uye anoenda pedyo kwokufananidzira.

Kuroorwa Z. Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, sezvambotaurwa nokuda vakararama, aiva chaizvo reserved murume, asingadi kuti munyika yavo nevamwe vanhu. Kunyanya kukosha kwaiva 1889 nokuti. Rakanga Merezhkovsky zvino akaroora. musikana wake - a poetess Zinaida Gippius. Mudetembi akagara naye '52 uye havana kusiya kuti zuva. Izvi rokusika uye zvokunamata pamwe nomudzimai wake inotsanangurwa konekwa rinonzi "Dmitry Merezhkovsky". Zinaida aiva "jenareta" pfungwa, uye Dmitry kugadzirira uye yakatanga navo mubasa rake.

Travel, kushandura uye kudzidza okufananidzira

Mukupera 1880s uye 1890s. Vakafamba chaizvo kunyika dzakasiyana muEurope. Dmitry rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin uye rekare rechiGiriki nenjodzi, uye aiita somunhu mutsoropodzi, rakabudiswa mumabhuku akadai "Basa", "Review Russian", "Northern Herald".

Merezhkovsky muna 1892, akapa hurukuro, randakapiwa kudzidza okufananidzira chokutanga. Mudetembi aiti kuti Impressionism, mutauro zviratidzo uye "usingaonekwi kugutsikana" anogona kuwedzera "unyanzvi kunzwisisa" mabhuku Russian. MuThe "Symbols" akazviratidza nguva pfupi asati matauriro. Akapa zita kuitika idzva nhetembo.

"Poems New"

"Poems New" - bhuku wechitatu akabuda muna 1896. Merezhkovsky akachinja kubva 1899. kutanga kwake kuti kuziva chiKristu, nhau chokuita kuchechi yeRoma. Munyaya inoti "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich anoyeuka kuti kana kukurukura Dmitry akanga vakagarwa, pakupedzisira kwake kuitwa chete topic - kukosha uye zvinoreva Gospel.

Religious-kwouzivi misangano

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo mukadzi mumatsutso 1901, zvinganaka pfungwa pakusika chaiyo yevanhu uzivi uye chitendero kukurukura tsika uye nechechi. Saka pakanga gungano dzechitendero uye kwouzivi ukurumbire rokupedzisira remakore. Huru nyaya yaiva yavo inoti chete rechitendero kunogona kuitwa rumutsiriro weRussia. Kusvikira misangano iyi kwakaitika kusvikira 1903, pamwe chete nemvumo KP Pobedonostsev, Gavhuna ari Revafundisi. Ivo vakatora chikamu mavari uye nevafundisi. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisiri akagamuchira chiKristu "Testamende Wechitatu", chido panguva yakaoma padanho kukura nyika yedu kuti kusika nzanga itsva dzechitendero zvaiva pachena uye pedyo vakararama.

Kushanda enhoroondo prose

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, vane Biography tiri kufarira, akashanda chaizvo Nhoroondo prose. Akasika Somuenzaniso, mashoko trilogy kuti "Kristu uye naKristu", inokosha pfungwa iri hondo pakati pfungwa mbiri - yechiKristu uye yechihedheni, uye kushanyira kuti chiKristu itsva umo "denga yepasi" uye "pasi kubva kudenga."

Muna 1896, pakava basa "Kufa Vanamwari." - the yokufungidzira of trilogy wokutanga. Chikamu chechipiri yakabudiswa muna 1901 ( "Gods Vachamutswa. Leonardo da Vinci"). nganonyorwa Final inonzi "kwaAntikristu. Peter uye Alex," akaberekwa muna 1905.

"MuThe nhetembo"

muunganidzwa chechina "muThe nhetembo", yakabudiswa muna 1909. New nhetembo vaivamo vashoma, saka bhuku iri rakanga panzvimbo imwe Anthology rinoti. Zvisinei, rimwe kusarudzwa mabasa zvakaitwa Merezhkovsky, akapa kuunganidzwa ano uye utsva. Raisanganisira chete anoshanda kuti asangane changing maonero nemunyori. Azviwanira itsva zvinoreva yekare nhetembo.

Merezhkovsky pakati panguva vadetembi akanga payakakurudzirwa parutivi. Iye chaizvo kuti anoratidzwa ake basa kunopindirana mwoyo, apo Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, kunyange kugunzva "uchipfuta" voruzhinji, akataura achinyanya nezvake, pamusoro wake atinoitwa pavo. Uye Dmitry kunyange yapedyo zvikuru nokureurura akaratidza yezvisikwa manzwiro, tariro uye kutambura.

mabasa matsva

Merezhkovskys muna March 1906 vakatamira Paris uye vakagara imomo kusvikira pakati-1908. In pamwe chete D. Filosofov uye Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky muna 1907 akabudisa bhuku "Le chevaux and the Revolution". Iyewo akatanga kugadzwa trilogy, "Umambo Chechikara" yakavakirwa nhoroondo Russia mukupera rechi18 - mangwanani 19th emakore. Dmitry mushure chikamu trilogy (muna 1908) wokutanga nokupomerwa. Muna 1913 paiva chikamu chechipiri chacho ( "Alexander I"). The wokupedzisira nganonyorwa - "14 December" - rakabudiswa muna 1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Russia Sick" - bhuku akaonekwa 1910. It rinoumbwa dzakaitika uye vezvitendero nyaya kuti dzakabudiswa muna 1908 uye 1909. mupepanhau "Rwokutaura".

Book Panodyidzanwa Wolff wakabudiswa munguva kubvira 1911 kusvika 1913. 17 mavhoriyumu muunganidzwa mabasa ake, uye Sytin muna 1914 akarayira mana mavhoriyumu. Mumitauro yakawanda Merezhkovski prose rakashandurirwa, zvakanga mukurumbira kwazvo Europe. MuRussia, Dmitry Sergeyevich mabasa akange pasi pakuomerera kusenza - munyori akataura pamusoro pamutemo Church uye autocracy.

Relationships Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys muna 1917 vakanga vachiri kugara Russia. Mudetembi nyika pamusoro avaida pokuchinja wakaonekwa nomufananidzo "pokuuya vaHamu." Papera chinguva, pashure pokurarama makore maviri Soviet Russia, iye hwakasimbiswa zvaanofunga kuti Bolshevism - tsika chirwere, inova migumisiro matambudziko European Culture. Merezhkovskys aitarisira kuti hurumende iri ichaparadzwa, asi pashure pokudzidza pamusoro kukundwa Denikin kumaodzanyemba uye Kolchak kuSiberia, vakasarudza kusiya Petrograd.

Dmitry pakupera 1919 akahwina kodzero kuverenga hurukuro dzake zvikamu Red Army. Muna January 1920, iye nomudzimai wake vakatamira kundima, iyo yakanga ine Poland. Mudetembi zvokuita muna Minsk nokuda Russian vanotodzoka. Merezhkovskys muna February vakatamira Warsaw. Pano vari kushanda zvematongerwo enyika. Apo Poland akasaina runyararo chibvumirano Russia, uye mudzimai wake akanga nechokwadi kuti "bhizimisi Russian" munyika kupera, vakaenda kuna Paris. Merezhkovskys vakagara mufurati wokwavo kubva pre-echimurenga nguva. Pano vakamisa akwegura vokukurukura uye yakasimbiswa nevanhu itsva emigres Russian.

Kuenda kumwe, nheyo "Green Lamp"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky akanga atsausa kufunga kuenda kumwe kwakaita uMesiasi vamwe mhando. Aiona anozviti "mutyairi" pakunamata vaiva kunze intelligentsia. Merezhkovskys akaronga dzechitendero-kwouzivi uye mabhuku munzanga 1927 "chiedza Green". Mutungamiri wayo aiva Mr. Ivanova. "Chiedza Green" akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha muupenyu ungwaru pamusoro sefungu kuenda kumwe wokutanga, uye vakabatana yakanakisisa vamiririri Russian wokumwe njere. Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga, kambani yamira musangano (muna 1939).

Merezhkovskys muna 1927 akavamba "New Deal" - magazini, rwakatora chete pagore. Naivowo muchirongwa Congress of vanyori-vanotodzoka kubva kuRussia, yakaitirwa September 1928 muBelgrade yokutanga (akaronga hurumende reYugoslavia). Merezhkovsky muna 1931 raiva pakati Vakwikwidzi nokuda Nobel Prize, asi aiva Ivan Bunin.

Support Hitler

Merezhkovskys asingade munhau yeRussia. Ruvengo kwakanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa kutsigira kwavo Hitler, izvo zvaiita kwavari kweutongi chigamuchirwe kupfuura Stalin hwechiKomonisiti. Merezhkovsky mukupera kwema1930 akafarirawo fascism, kunyange akasangana nomumwe vatungamiriri ayo - Mussolini. Akaona Hitler sezvo muponesi wokuRussia komiyunizimu, vanoonekwa "chirwere tsika". Mushure Germany vakarwisa USSR, Dmitry akaita redhiyo German. Akati "Bolshevism uye Vanhu", umo akaenzanisa Hitler pamwe Joan pamusoro Arc. Merezhkovsky akati mutungamiri anogona kuponesa vanhu kubva zvakaipa yechiKomonisiti. Zvichitevera mharidzo iyi, vose vakatsauka madzimai avo.

rufu Merezhkovski

10 Mazuva asati basa kweParis kubudikidza vokuGermany muna June 1940, Zinaida Gippius uye Dmitry Merezhkovsky vakatamira Biarritz kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. December 9, 1941 Dmitry akafa muParis.

Collections wenhetembo Merezhkovsky

Takataura zvishoma pamusoro chii nhetembo kuunganidza akasika Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Zvisinei, mabhuku aya, munokosha nezvemashandiro kuti kurega. Mumwe nomumwe ari 4 muunganidzwa nhetembo noruzhinji chaizvo.

"Poems" (1888) - bhuku umo kunyange anoshanda raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Mashoko kubva, akafanira kuteerera zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

"Musazvidza revanhu! Utsinye uye akatsamwa

Rinosekesa kwete kushora kuchema kwavo uye zvavanoda. "

Iri mutsetse kubva zvikuru maitiro nhetembo mubhuku rino. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubvira pakutanga Dmitry akakwanisa kutora yakazvimirira matauriro. Sezvataona, akataura nezvesimba uye mufaro. Zvisinei nhetembo dzake vachivhaira, isina mhinduro, uye inozivikanwa shamwari Nadson aitya zvikuru yaiva zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, kunyange izvozvo kushandiswa siyanei achinyepera, dzimwe nguva zvakapfurikidza. Merezhkovsky yaenda zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe kuti sonority, nokupenya kwaro kubvarura anyerere, Hauoneki mhute, iyo akaputirwa upenyu Russian munzanga yacho 1880s.

"Symbol" - Bhuku rechipiri nhetembo, akanyorwa muna 1892. Hazvina mbiri kuti pakawanda. Pano nenhamo yekare uye Pushkin, Baudelaire uye Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky uye Rome yekare, guta nhetembo uye dambudziko zuva nezuva. Vose vakazadzwa vose mabhuku, pfungwa dzose achatora makore 10-15, akanga yakarongwa munyika muunganidzwa ichi. "Zviratidzo" - bhuku premonitions. Dmitry akafanoona chimwe kurwisa, zvikuru noutano nguva. Akapa chitarisiko titanic chiitiko kuti kunoitika vakamupoteredza ( "Uyai, vaprofita itsva!").

"Poems New" - wechitatu muunganidzwa nhetembo, akanyorwa muna 1896. Ndiye rakatetepa zvikuru kuvandudzwa ari mananara upenyu pane yapfuura mumwe, asi nekupinza zvikuru. Pano kuvarairwa "chiratidzo" rava kugara hanya uye zvikuru lyricism mu nhetembo vakapfuura zvinhu sezvazviri. Merezhkovsky vaiona anozviti "chiratidzo" mushumiri "vakasiya vamwari." Asi nguva "Poems New" iye zvasiya vanamwari izvi, akataura navo ake uye nezvake: "yedu ushingi hwekutaura ...."

"MuThe nhetembo" - wokupedzisira, kuunganidza wechina (1909). Vashoma nhetembo itsva, saka bhuku, sezvataona, iri panzvimbo imwe Anthology rinoti. Merezhkovsky nayo kuchiKristu. Akabvuma zvakare pfava chipande "ushingi" uye isina huMwari atari "tsika nyika". Zvisinei, muna chiKristu, aida kuwana kwete chete kunyaradzwa, asi chombo. Vose nhetembo mubhuku rino vari azadzwa sezvinoda kutenda.