Dzidzo yepanyama: zvinangwa, zvinangwa, nzira uye mazano. Nheyo dzedzidzo yepanyama yevana vepakutanga yezera: chimiro chegwaro rimwe nerimwe. Nheyo dzehurongwa hwekudzidzira muviri

In dzidzo yanhasi mumwe zvikuru nzvimbo dzidzo - dzidzo panyama kubva pazera. Zvino kuti vana vanopedza anenge zvose vakasununguka nguva yangu pamusoro makombiyuta uye phones, ichi rutivi kunova kunyanya kukosha. Pashure pezvose, rinobvumirana unhu, inova chinangwa dzidzo uye dzidzo ano - haisi chete siyana zivo uye unyanzvi, asi zvakanaka kwomuviri, uye utano pano zvakanaka. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuziva misimboti mumuviri dzidzo, chinangwa chacho uye zvinangwa. ruzivo kwakadaro kuchabatsira mubereki wose kuti Zvinoshingaira kukura hwakanaka unhu hwomwana dzavo pre-kuchikoro Danho uye kubatsira kuti kukura zvakanaka.

dzidzo panyama: zvinangwa, zvinangwa, pfungwa

dzidzo panyama - ane muitiro zvedzidzo kuti ndehwokuti kuumba injini unyanzvi mwana wacho, ake psycho-mumuviri unhu, uyewo kumubatsira kuti muviri wake wakakwana.

Chinangwa mirayiridzo iyi ndiyo dzidzo chichinyatsobatanidzwa dzakabudirira, vana panyama vakakwana, avo varipo panguva yakakwirira azvipire yepamusoro akadai nomufaro, simba, okugadzira zvinhu. kurovedza muviri inoendeswa nekugadzirisa matambudziko akadai:

• utano;
• dzidzo;
• edzidzo.

Improvement mwana ari chokutanga nokuda rokudzidzisa muitiro uye nechinangwa kuvandudza utano uye kuchengetedza upenyu hwomwana. Also kwaisanganisira chinhu zvinopindirana psychomotor kukura, kuvandudzika kuti kutapata achishandisa nokuomesa, uyewo kwakawedzera kunyatsoshanda. Matambudziko Health yakagadzirirwa:

• kubatsira kuumba zvakarurama mamiriro, kuti musana Bends, zvinopindirana nomuviri;
• kukudziridza maberere norutsoka;
• simbisa shwashwa-articular midziyo;
• chengetedza kukura uye mapfupa vakawanda;
• kukudziridza tsandanyama chiso, muviri uye nedzimwe miviri zvose.

Educational zvitarisirwa inoitirwa kuumba injini unyanzvi, uyewo pamusoro pokumuka psycho-chitarisiko uye motokari nemano. Kunosanganisirawo kutenga imwe gadziriro zivo pamusoro mitambo zviitwa, avo marongerwo uye pamusoro zvavari kuzvivaraidza mashandiro muviri. A mwana nedanho dzidzo vanofanira kungwarira mumuviri zviito zvavo, kudzidza mazwi, muviri spatial, uyewo vawane zvakafanira zivo pamusoro yakarurama aurayiwe kufamba uye mitambo zviitwa, kuti isa kuyeuka, sezvo zita zvinhu, anoshongwa, makomborero, uye rangarirai kuti kuzvishandisa. Anofanira kuziva muviri wake uye pedagogical muitiro akaronga kuumba mumuviri kuratidzwa kwake.

matambudziko Educational vavete paumbwe mano pfungwa kushandisa muviri Nemusi gwenya basa, uyewo kubatsira kuunganidza nyasha, mukana wokushandiswa uye expressiveness kufamba. Vakadzidziswa unhu hwakadai rusununguko, danho, okugadzira zvinhu, kuzvicheka-sangano. Kuvakwa dzidzo Utsanana hwakanaka, uyewo kutsigira nevachengeti musangano mitambo yakasiyana. Zvinangwa edzidzo zvaisanganisira kusikwa akanaka ezvinhu kuti paumbwe neunhu, mharuro zvayo yetsika nheyo uye nesarudzo unhu, kuroverera tsika manzwiro uye aesthetic nemafungiro zvemitambo kurovedza.

Zvinetso zvose vari kubatana ndiyo kiyi paumbwe Anobvumirana, comprehensively dzakabudirira unhu.

Misimboti dzidzo mumuviri dzine dzinokosha methodological mifananidzo yedzidzo muitiro, varehwa mune zvinodiwa zvirimo, magadzirirwo uye sangano dzadzidza uye yakarongeka muitiro.

mumuviri dzidzo Anobvumirana zvichida pamwe obschepedagogicheskih didactic misimboti uye mitemo chaiyo kudzidzisa nharaunda.

General pedagogical misimboti: ruzivo, basa, kakawanda uye kudzokorora

Mazano edzidzo panyama vana vanoenda kukireshi kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro dzidziso inokosha kuchakubatsira kuwana chinangwa ichi. kubatana yenhengo zvose chete kunovimbisa kukura mwana kuruoko chechetere. Saka, mirayiridzo inokosha kurovedza kuenda kukireshi vana maererano vakawanda pedagogical panyama:

1. Murayiro zvichiitirwa kusimudza vazive mwana musoro mafungiro kuti zvemitambo kurovedza, uyewo Outdoor mitambo. Rinobva kwakavakirwa kushora ruzivo nomusoro kudzidza kufamba. In ruzivo michina kufamba, murayiro kuurayiwa yavo, uyewo yake muviri tsandanyama makakatanwa mwana kuumbwa pamuviri kufungisisa.
2. Active musimboti zvinoreva kukura unhu hwakadai rusununguko, danho, okugadzira zvinhu.
3. Nheyo enderana uye kusachinja-chinja. Achitaura mirayiridzo inokosha dzidzo panyama kwakavakirwa kudzidzisa, tisingatauri mwero kukosha ichi zvikuru. Zviri fanira roga muchimiro dzidzo mirayiridzo: uvandudze kuti injini unyanzvi, uye kuumba nokuomesa muoti. Rinotibatsira hurongwa ukama zivo uye unyanzvi. Preparatory muviri uye kugoverwa munyika kubvumira tenzi idzva, zvino, Akasendamira payo, enda kune chinotevera, kwakamuomera. Pfungwa iri akaziva kakawanda, akaramba uye hurongwa pakurovedza muitiro munguva pre-kuchikoro zera.
4. Nheyo Kudzokorora motokari unyanzvi. Achitaura pamusoro pemisimboti dzidzo panyama vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro, izvi zvinofanira vanotaurwa mazita chinonyanya kukosha. Zviri kudzokorora kufamba uye rinobvumira Absorção de Água pamusoro paumbwe motokari unyanzvi. ipapo chete anogona vaunze vakagwinya pfungwa. Kudzokorora gadziriro iri inobva kuitwa zvinhu zvitsva uye kudzokorora.
5. Musimboti gradualness, izvo zvinoratidza kuvapo nzira kuchinja huripo kufanana nevechiduku kufamba. Zvishoma nezvishoma uye kurovedza muviri nguva dzose - hwaro vasiri mitemo.
6. yakajeka musimboti, izvo chinodiwa kuti vagadze kubatana pakati kutsinga dzinouya maonero uye mafungiro. Izvi zvichaita kuti directionally kukanganisa mashandiro ose kutsinga dzinouya hurongwa kuti vanobatanidzwa munyaya racho. Achitaura izvi misimboti dzidzo mumuviri, zvinosanganisira zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga maonero. Wokutanga kuchimuka kubva pakuti mudzidzisi pachake zvinoratidza injini mabasa kuti anodzidza Panguva iyi. Yairevererwa maonero chaitwa kuratidza mafirimu, mabhuku emirayiridzo, mapikicha uye calculators kuti anopa mufananidzo yakarurama sangano idzva. Pfungwa izvi zvichiitirwa kupa munhu kunyatsoenderana Kugona uye playback mashoko matsva.
7. Nheyo Kuwanikwa kunokosha iri dzidzo zvakanaka mumuviri. Kufungisisa yakasiyana siyana yakaoma kurovedza, mudzidzisi anofanira kufunga pachavo unhu hwomwana mumwe nomumwe paakaita kurovedza muviri. wakadaro nzira chete ichaunza zvikomborero kune muviri uye kubatsira vari rinopindirana kukura vose unhu kuenda kukireshi chaiko. Kutadza kutevedza nheyo Kuwanikwa kungaita kuti siyana mumuviri uye mupfungwa kunotevera.
8. Nheyo individualization dzidziso pamusoro dzinongoitika preschooler data, kwakavakirwa iyo, mudzidzisi pave nourongwa zvakatonyanya uvandudze ayo kwomuviri.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, maonero, Accessibility, individualization - zvimwe zvayo pedagogical nheyo

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mumwe nomumwe izvi nenheyo kunzwisisa chendangariro paumbwe utano unhu kukura. Kutadza kutevedza zvinenge mumwe wavo akazoita mukana wokuti zvakarurama vavariro iyi.

Misimboti dzidzo panyama: zvinoitwa nomumwe musimboti

Modern zvinodiwa dzidzo inosanganisira kungwarira kuomerera dzose nemitemo dzidzo kuzadzisa chawakaronga zvinangwa. Preschool zera ndiye kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kudzidza unhu. Uye ikozvino zvikuru kufunga zvose mirawu dzidzo mumuviri kuti yezwi itsva chikamu kurovedza mwana ane zvakafanira injini unyanzvi, muviri kufungisisa uye zvimwe zviratidzo okukura ari munhu wenyama. Mazano kuteverwa mune dzidzo, zvinotevera:

1. Musimboti chamazuva, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha. Zvavanokupai hurongwa ezvidzidzo, ukama pakati pavo, uyewo sei kakawanda uye refu vanofanira kuitwa. Employment ndiyo kiyi kunyatsogadzikana ari kuenda kukireshi mwana chaiko.
2. Pfungwa wegadziriro alternation kuzorora uye muviri. Kuti anyatsobudirira mabasa, kudiwa chokubatanidza yakakwirira basa uye mwana zororo dzakasiyana siyana motokari basa. Pfungwa iyi inotaurwa simba kuchinja chimiro uye zviri dzichipfekeka mitoro kubva rimwe danho kune mumwe.
3. Nheyo zvishoma nezvishoma akavaka-Didactic kudzidzisa kunechekuita anosarudza mashoko sequential zvibereko mitoro. Izvi zvichawedzera Makuriro mugumisiro, anotowedzera kumukomborera, uye inogadziridza mugumisiro maekisesaizi uri muviri mukufamba kudzidziswa mirayiridzo.
4. cyclicality musimboti inopa kudzokorora kutevedzana yemabasa, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda, kuvandudza utano gym preschooler.

Zvimwe zvinotaurwa wegadziriro nzvimbo iyi dzidzo

Zvechadenga nheyo dzidzo kungava kukwana pasina kudoma mamwe mitemo inokosha:

1. The musimboti basa makore nedanho inoenda dzidzo, kunosanganisira kufungisisa zvose nomumwe zvechadenga vanoenda kukireshi mwana.
2. Nheyo akure. Zvinobatsira kukura mupfungwa uye mumuviri nemano mwana, ake nounyanzvi injini, rinoitwa vakabatana. Pfungwa iyi nechinangwa zvose-kunhivi Kugadzirwa kuenda kukireshi mwana, izvo zvinosanganisira dzidzo vose unhu mwana.
3. Pfungwa kuvandudza dzidziso, izvo ndehwokuti kugadzirisa dambudziko unosimbisa utano vana. Izvi zvinosanganisira mubatanidzwa kurovedza zvokunyama chete dzakananga pachishandiswa zvinowedzera mukana muviri wemwana. Vanobatsirawo kuti yekudyidzana kuvandudza yenhandaro wouropi. Achitaura pamusoro pemisimboti dzidzo mumuviri kuenda kukireshi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Implementation Nzvimbo iyi yaifanira zvakasimba pasi pokudzora chiremba.

Kubva mudzidzisi zvinoda pakuomerera kuchengeta mumwe musimboti anozvisarudzira dzidzo yevana vanoenda kukireshi waiitwa sezvo zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira.

Nzira mirayiridzo iyi dzidzo

Pasi nzira anoreva chine unyanzvi kuti chinangwa optimizing yedzidzo muitiro. Pakusarudza nzira inoenderana mabasa akatarisana mudzidzisi kwenguva chaiyo munguva, tigutsikane inodzidzisa uye mabasa edzidzo, uyewo munhu uye zera peculiarities kuti vanoenda kukireshi.

Nzira uye nhungamiro kurovedza muviri yakasanganiswa yakagadzirwa kuzadzisa chimwe chinangwa: wezvamatongerwe munyama dzakabudirira munhu.

Cherechedza kuti activation mumuviri uye mupfungwa simba, uye vamwe pashure mutoro ipapo paanodzorera zvikuru nokukurumidza uye zvakanyanya.

Basic nzira akapiwa mirayiridzo dzidzo, izvo zvinokosha kuti mutarisiri panguva mashandiro pamwe vanoenda kukireshi, zvinotevera:

1. Information uye nzira uchigamuchira kuti anosarudza kuti interconnection uye pakudyidzana vagari basa mwana uye mutarisiri. Pamusana kwaari, mudzidzisi anogona zvakananga uye zvakajeka tohuudzawo zivo kuenda kukireshi, uye iye - nokungwaririra kuzvirangarira uye kunzwisisa.
2. Dzokubereka uye mumwe ainzi - nzira pakuronga playback modes yebasa. Ari kufunga kuburikidza muviri hurongwa kuti chinangwa zvichiberekana known preschooler zviito zvakapararira kuburikidza nokushandisa mashoko-vanogamuchira nzira.
3. dambudziko-inobva nzira kudzidza chinokosha ezvinhu dzidzo, izvo zvichava kukwana pasina izvozvo. Izvi imhaka yokuti mwana haagoni kudzidza kufunga uye kukudziridza unyanzvi rokusika runodiwa padanho chete kuburikidza kuunganidza ruzivo. Hwaro kudzidza dambudziko-inobva vanoumba mitemo kukura kwepfungwa dzevanhu uye zvinhu uye zivo. The pfungwa basa mwana kusashanda, kana ane kudiwa kunzwisisa chinhu. Vachitsvaka chinetso iye oga unobereka ruzivo. Uye vari ozeyewa nani pane mhinduro vakagadzirira akagadzirwa. Uyezve, mwana kana afunga noitika basa nezera rake Mobile mitambo, izvozvo zvinoita kuti pave ake nokuzviremekedza uye chivimbo. Kuita matambudziko ezvinhu gwenya basa, mudzidzisi kunoita kudzidza kunakidza uye inobudirira. Uyezve, chinhu chinodiwa rakanaka kukura unyanzvi okusika, izvo kuva chinokosha kukura vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro.
4. Nzira iri zvachose yaidzorwa muviri anopedza dambudziko wokupa nzvimbo yakanaka kuti mwana Inoziva injini unyanzvi uye akakurukura psycho-mumuviri unhu.
5. The nzira redunhu kudzidzisa, inosanganisira sangano rine preschooler pamusoro akafanorongerwa siyana, chokupika chaizvo mabasa uye kurovedza kuti ape mukana kushanda akasiyana mapoka tsandanyama, nhengo uye muviri enyika. Chinangwa Nzira ichi - kuti vabudirire yakakwirira ndanatsiridza mugumisiro muviri uye kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda yacho muviri.

Obschedidakticheskie nzira kudzidzisa vanoenda kukireshi mirayiridzo

Kuwedzera kune izvi, pane dzimwe nzira kudzidzisa vanoenda kukireshi Mirayiridzo vari obschedidakticheskie:

1. Yokufananidzira nzira dzinobatsira vaunze ruzivo uye manzwiro pamusoro sangano, kutsinga dzinouya maonero uye kukwanisa kutanga Switch michina.
2. Kutukana nzira, idzo dzinonzi chemashoko, zvainanga kusimbisa mwana kuziva, paumbwe pakunzwisisa zvakadzama mabasa, chokupika muviri pamusoro chavanoziva sandara, kunzwisisa kugutsikana kwavo, mamiriro, uyewo akazvimirira uye zvakasikwa kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana panyaya.
3. Practical nzira yakagadzirwa kuti pave ongororo kuti injini nezviito preschooler, yakarurama kwake maonero uye motokari nezvekufadza.

Panguva nokudzidziswa zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vose dzokudzidzisa nenheyo dzidzo mumuviri dyidzana uye anofanira ikashandiswa kuti tibudirire zvawanikwa.

Kurovedza muviri - kukura kuzvionera zvinhu uye

Okutanga Makore manomwe upenyu hwomwana - nguva zvikuru kukura; mumuviri nomupfungwa. Ndokusaka zvichikosha chaizvo nechokwadi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti kurovedza uye kushandisa zvose mirawu dzidzo chaiko. basa rake ramangwana uye kubudirira yedzidzo zvakananga novimba sei zvakanaka zvichava kudzora muviri wako uye ayo masangano. Zvikuru vari nounyanzvi uye dzidziso, uyewo kumhanya injini apindure.

Akarongwa zvakanaka dzidzo zvokunyama kuenda kukireshi vana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vadzidzisi uye vabereki zvinopa waivako injini muoti, ndiro chinhu chinodiwa kuti munhu panyama nepfungwa ezvinhu utano mwana masikati.

Marudzi vasinganyatsooni panyama dzidzo kuenda kukireshi

Inokosha yedzidzo muviri Kuzadziswa zvinangwa uye zvinangwa. Chii zvinoitwa siyana kurovedza muviri:

• kunze mitambo;
• famba;
• nomumwe basa pamwe preschooler nomumwe kana boka duku;
• basa vana siyana muviri mumuviri akazvimirira chimiro;
• mumuviri nokudzidziswa mazororo.

Kugara chaiko kudzidzisa makirasi vanoumba hwaro sei zvakanaka nhaka mwana injini unyanzvi. Zvisinei, mudzidzisi havagoni kuva zvinhu zvakadai kuitira kuvandudza unyanzvi vakawana, avo kutsiga, uyewo kukwanisa vakazvimirira kuwana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Ndokusaka Implementation zvinodiwa dzidzo panyama kunoitika munyika zuva chikoro achibatsirwa dzakasiyana siyana basa. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kuwedzera yokurovedza muviri mangwanani ose uye yakananga yakawanda pachiitwa zvezuva nezuva kunopa nguva siyana panze mitambo, kurovedza pachedu, uye kupa mikana yokuti vana kutamba voga kana mumapoka maduku. Saka, zviga kurovedza vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro chaiko vari chinozoiswa Munenge muna kwose mabasa panguva yavaigara kuenda kukireshi.

Compliance nomumwe musimboti - abudirire zvinangwa

Preschool dzidzo - kutanga kwekupwanyiwa rekudzidza zvishande basa mwana. Pashure pezvose, panguva ino akaumba hwaro kunobva pakubudirira kudzidziswa. Muchicherekedza hwepedyo dzidzo zvokunyama hutano mwana, ndiyo nheyo yedzidzo kuti vanyatsobatanidzwa dzakabudirira unhu. Naizvozvo zvakakodzera kuti kugara vose mirawu dzidzo chaiko. A kumboongorora mumwe nomumwe wavo, unogona kuona ukuru kukosha nheyo zvakaoma matanho akatorwa kuzadzisa chinangwa.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti tibudirire Kugadzirwa kuenda kukireshi mwana harifaniri kungoitirwa makirasi kukireshi. mubereki wose anofanira anonyatsoziva kukosha kunge zvakazara vakateerera nenhungamiro dzidzo mumuviri kuti humwe inotungamirwa pachake uye mupfungwa unhu mwana. Uye chaizvoizvo ari nguva ino vakaumba nokuda yemberi munhu, zvinokosha kutsvaka sei kufunga zvinogona kubhadharwa kupfuura kukura mwana chaiko. Panzvimbo pokuona cartoons uye mitambo yepakombiyuta ngavadzidzise mwana Mobile mitambo. Vari nedanho pakukura achabatsirawo kuti ayo utano inotungamirwa zvakakodzera.