EchiGiriki - ndiko ... Culture uye muuzivi yaitonga vaGiriki

A nguva itsva munhau wechiGiriki kutevedzana kumabvazuva yakakurumbira mutongi Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Somugumisiro hondo dzakawanda, paiva guru umambo, izvo ndokumonereka kubva kumuganhu mumwe weEgipita kusvikira ano Central Asia. Panguva ino uye nenguva echiGiriki. Pasi payo chairevei kupararira wetsika dzechiGiriki zvose mundima akakunda Aleksandrom Makedonskim.

Tingatii pamusoro echiGiriki?

Nokuda kuti paiva kwemapazi tsika dzechiGiriki uye nemakanzuru, pakanga echiGiriki. Izvi muchinjikwa muchangosangana zvainoita richengetedzwe nevakawanda tsika dzakawanda inoti pashure pokuwa hwacho.

Chii chinorehwa ne echiGiriki? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kamwechete kuti iye zvechisimba, sezvo paumbwe tsika iyi kwaiva mugumisiro yehondo dzakawanda. EchiGiriki vakabatsira kubatanidzwa wechiGiriki nyika pamwe Eastern yekare, vasati rakavapo kwakasiyana-siyana. Zvinoguma simba mamiriro pamwe chete socio-zvoupfumi maumbirwo a, zvematongerwo enyika uye tsika.

Sezvambotaurwa, echiGiriki - imwe mhando kwetunhu akasiyana nemagariro zvinhu. Inogona kuonekwa kubva wandei nzvimbo. Kudivi rimwe, kuti kwaita echiGiriki kukanganiswa kukura echiGiriki munzanga uye muchiGiriki polis dambudziko. Kune vamwe, pane ayo nokuumbwa airidza basa yekare Oriental nzanga, kureva kuchinja uye ndakagara dzavo mumagariro marongerwo.

Zvikonzero kuti akachinja kwaita echiGiriki

The kudikanwa kwemapazi Mutsika dzinoverengeka akasimuka chokwadi kuti rechiGiriki polis vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma sipidhi nhoroondo mberi, wakati ndapera zvose zvaangaita dzayo. Ndokusaka chirwere vakatanga kubuda pakati akasiyana makirasi, mumagariro hondo pakati oligarchy nekuzvitonga kuzere. Haisi zvakakonzera hondo pakati wacho maguta. Uye saka nhoroondo mamiriro harina kumira, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti ibatane dzairwisana mumativi.

Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chete chikonzero kwaita tsika itsva. Yaitonga vaGiriki akasimuka chokuita dambudziko yekare Oriental zvematongerwe enyika. Muzana IV remakore BC dzokuMabvazuva nyika yekare, iyo akatotanga yakava chikamu hwePersia, akanga asiri yakanakisisa kumwedzi. Nokuda mira zvoupfumi vasingagoni ishe rakakura uncultivated nyika. Mukuwedzera, madzimambo ePersia haana kupa mvumo kuti kuvakwa mumataundi matsva, haana kutsigira zvokutengeserana uye haana kubvumira kuti kutendeuka makuru reserves vemamwe Exchange simbi avete mudzimba dzavo. Uye kana Girisi ari IV remakore BC vakatambura kuburikidza mhosva wokunzwa basa iri yezvematongerwo enyika, yokuwandisa uye dzisina kupfuma, zvinopesana neizvi mamiriro ezvinhu yaiitwa poumambo Persian.

Panyaya iyi, paiva nechinetso sangano chairwo, kwetunhu akasiyana nehurongwa izvo kungaita mumwe. Nemamwe mashoko, kwaidiwa kuti tsika dzakadai echiGiriki. Izvi zvakaitika mushure pokuwa simba akavaka Aleksandrom Makedonskim.

Kubatanidzwa nomumwe akasiyana zvinhu

Ndezvipi muupenyu akafukidzwa kwetunhu zvinoriumba kuri mumashoko echiGiriki uye dzekumabvazuva? Pane maonero akasiyana siyana. Mamwe masayendisiti pasi echiGiriki ainzwisisa chokubatanidza wandei zvinhu yo tsika uye chitendero. Domestic Vanyori kwemapazi zvinorondedzerwa nemaonero wemishonga uye kudyidzana zvoupfumi, mukirasi, magariro, enyika uye dzetsika. Maererano navo, echiGiriki - iri mberi danho, izvo vanofurirwa zvakasimba njodzi echiGiriki uye yekare Eastern munzanga.

The kwetunhu zvinhu zviri siyana munharaunda mberi zvakasiyana. Mune dzimwe inoti yakanga zvikuru nevamwe - zvishoma. Mune mamwe maguta, basa rinokosha akanzi okunze kuri mumashoko echiGiriki tsika nezvaiva dzimwe Oriental mavambo yekare. Kusiyana kwakadaro vavapo maererano chaiyo nhoroondo zviri munzanga uye maguta.

Development of ndero Society

Yaitonga vaGiriki akaita sei zvakasiyana saizi dzidzo pachena, kubva Sisiri uye kumaodzanyemba kweItaly, uye anopera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia (kubva kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu Gungwa Aral uye kuti cataract rokutanga rwaNire). Nemamwe mashoko, sezvo chikamu aiitwa vanhu vaiva dzenhoroondo Greece uye East. Havana zvaisanganisira munharaunda, chete India uye China.

munharaunda dzakawanda zvinogona kupatsanurwa, izvo zviri maererano zvakafanana zvinhu dzinoratidzwa:

1. Egypt neMiddle East.
2. Middle East.
3. Balkan Greece, kumadokero chikamu Asia Minor, Macedonia.
4. Great Greece kubva Sea Black nharaunda.

Zvikuru maitiro zvinhu kuri echiGiriki, akaratidza kuti woshanda zvizere muIjipiti uye kuMiddle East. Panyaya iyi, kumatunhu aya anogona sechinhu nharaunda umo dzaitongwa dzenhoroondo echiGiriki.

Greece, kufanana nedzimwe nharaunda, akanga kunyanya kusiyana socio-zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye dzetsika. Tinogona kutaura kuti yekare Greece kwetunhu uye sezvo vakadaro haako. Zvisinei, nokuti vamwe chikonzero vaitaura kuti mundima idzi vakava ari Hellenistic ezvinhu munyika.

Development retsika uye sayenzi

Wetsika dzechiGiriki kukanganiswa kunyangarika ari chakanangana dzekare nguva, musiyano uri pakati zvemichina nesayenzi, dzidziso uye tsika. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa nemabasa Archimedes, akawana mutemo hydraulic. It akaita abatsira zvikuru kukura zvigadzirwa kuburikidza mazano ane sikuruwa pombi uye kurwisana catapults pamwe kuzvidzivirira pfuti.

Kusikwa maguta chitsva uye mberi munzvimbo dzakadai wekushandisa uye uto Michina, vakabatsira kuti kuwedzera mamwe sayenzi. Izvi, kuti pamasvomhu inogona dzoga, hurongwa, nezvenyeredzi, jogirafi. Rinokosha izvi airidza uye Euclid. Akanga muvambi chepuraimari geometry. Eratosthenes kuona chokwadi kukura pose, Aristarh Samossky akaratidza kuti redu rotates pamusoro wayo akabatana uye anotama akapoteredza zuva. Pakukura kuitika sayenzi zvepanyama, uye mishonga.

Kukurumidza kukura sayenzi uye tsika kwakaguma vanoda kuchengeta mashoko. Panyaya iyi, mumaraibhurari akavakwa zvimwe maguta.

Kutaura chii pachiratidzo echiGiriki vangazivikanwa, zvinofanira kutaurwa pamusoro pokumuka bhizimisi idzva - philology. Pfungwa huru yave unobhadharwa kuti girama, kutsoropodzwa uye zvichingodaro. A rakakura basa akanzi kuzvikoro. Literature kwazova siyana, asi iye achiri akaramba kubvuma kuti dzenhoroondo zvinhu. Epic uye njodzi kuva vakachenjera, sezvo kuoneke erudition uye virtuosity zvidavado uye Sophistication.

Chii chakaitika ari uzivi?

Hellenistic Philosophy zvakare kuwana mamwe kusiyana. Ndikatapudza kudavira vamwari. Vakatanga kuonekwa ezvitendero matsva. Civic zvinangwa zvishoma nezvishoma aenda rwenzira, achipa nzvimbo individualism. Pane vemunharaunda akasimuka vasingakendengi, nokusava nyaya dzakanga chokuita National kwakabva murume. Ndicho evanhu mamiriro aiva kutituma muupenyu hwevanhu. Uzivi Hellenistic yaitonga yakazokudziridzwa kuburikidza pakagadzwa muzvikoro zvakawanda: Vatsoropodzi, Vatsoropodzi, nevaStoiki, VaEpikuro peripatetic.

Vazivi vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kurega pfungwa nzvimbo. Greater ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna munhu kubva panzvimbo imwe kuzvidzora ine chimwe. On zano wechipiri vakaenda paruzhinji nedzevanhu zvinangwa.

Munofanira kurega zvose zvakanakira yebudiriro

A rakakura basa kukura echiGiriki airidza Diogen Sinopsky, aimiririra chikoro hwoMutsoropodzi. Haana kunyora mabhuku, asi chete kuti vararame. Muzivi nomuenzaniso akaedza kuratidza sei zvinokosha kutevera chokwadi, muna zvaanofunga, zvinangwa. Akataura kuti zvose nebudiriro kwevanhu uye nokugadzirwa haakonzeri mufaro, ivo vanoita. Upfumi, simba, nokubwinya - ichi zvose zviri mashoko chete maturo. Akararama mudhiramu, uye akafamba mamvemve.

Mufaro unofanira kuva pasina maturo

Hellenistic Uzivi awana zvizhinji nokuda Epicurus, ndiye muvambi wechikoro "Garden". Nokuti kudzidza, akasarudza kufara dambudziko murume. Epicurus aidavira kuti mukuru mafaro kunogona kuwanika panyaya Kudzimwa zviri zvido chokuita maturo. Maererano naye, zvakakodzera kurarama chinyararire, kure sezvinobvira kubva kuchiva, mune akanyorova yokuzviparadzanisa.

kunotsausa of nevaStoiki

Uzivi Hellenistic yaitonga zvasvika Parainge. A rakakura basa kuumba magariro akanaka akaita vechiStoiki chikoro. Akanga kubatanidzwawo mune dambudziko mufaro kwevanhu. Rinoti zvinotevera: nokuti kuti matambudziko akasiyana-siyana vachiri havazokwanisi kutiza, unofanira azvijaira. Izvi zvakanga ruponeso vechiStoiki maonero. Zvakakosha kuronga nyika yavo yomukati. Chete iyi, hapana zvimwewo matambudziko havazokwanisi kuvhiringidza. Unofanira kuva pamusoro zviwane.

mhedziso

EchiGiriki chaizvo basa iri kukura European budiriro. Vose nebudiriro iyi zvaiva hwaro pfungwa aesthetic kuti yakabuda pamwe nemamwe eras. uzivi hwechiGiriki vakava inokosha kukura Ages dzidziso. Mythology nemabhuku kuramba kuva nevakawanda uye ikozvino.