European Court of Human Rights

Muna 1953, mutumbi mutsva wakaonekwa munyika ino mutongi, iyo yakazove Yuropa reEuropean. Simba rayo raiva kubva paEuropean Convention on Human Rights. Yakazivisa kodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko. Yaiva yeEuropean Court of Human Rights pamberi pei, uye chii chakasvika nhasi, funga munyaya yacho.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Pakutanga, Chibvumirano chakanga chakadzivirirwa nemitumbi mitatu, iyo yakaisanganisira Komiti yeVatungamiriri, Komisheni yeDare uye European Court of Human Rights pachayo uye Secretariat, sangano rinobatsira.

Mvumo yakasayirwa ne 47 nhengo dzenyika, uye naizvozvo basa guru remitumbi yakataurwa pamusoro apa nderekucherechedza kutevedza nemitemo yayo. Basa iri rinogadziriswa nekuongorora nokugadzirisa zvipikisa zvinogona kutumirwa:

• Vanhu;
• Boka revanhu;
• Masangano asiri ehurumende;
• Nyika dzinobatanidzwa.

Pakutanga, zvikwangwani zvaiongororwa neKomisheni, uye nechisarudzo chakanaka, nyaya yacho yakatumirwa kuEuropean Court of Human Rights, apo chisarudzo chekupedzisira chakatorwa. Nekukanganisa kwakashata, Komiti yeVatariri yakabatanidzwa mukuongorora nyaya yacho.

Muna 1994, sarudzo yakashanduka, uye kunyunyuta nemigumisiro yakanaka yakave yakagadzirirwa nevanokumbira kudare.

Muna 1998, sarudzo yakashanduka - European Court of Human Rights neKomisheni yakabatanidzwa mumuviri mumwe.

Jurisdiction

Pasinei nokuti Chibvumirano chakasayirwa nenyika 47, European Court of Human Rights haisi yavo dare repamusoro. Naizvozvo iye:

• Hazvibvumiri kutonga kwakatove kutorwa nedare renyika kana imwe sangano rehurumende yenyika inobatanidzwa;
• Hahupi kupa mirayiridzo kumitumbi yemitemo;
• Hazvirevi kutonga pamusoro pemitemo yenyika uye miviri inodzidzora;
• Haana kupa mirairo yezviyero nemigumisiro yepamutemo.

Dare reEuropean Court of Justice maererano nekukwanisa kwayo:

• Kunyunyuta pamusoro pekuvapo kwekuputsa kwemutemo;
• Makomborero ekurasikirwa kwekubhadhara chikamu chinokunda, nenzira yekubhadhara mari, kuora kwezvinhu, kuora kwetsika uye mari yekutonga.

Chiito chenguva refu chemudare hachizivi mhaka dzekusagutsikana kwezvisarudzo zvatora. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikonzero chokuti kusateererwa kunogona kutungamirira kukumiswa kwehutano nekudzingwa kubva kuEuropean Council. Kuitwa kwekutonga kwematare kunotungamirirwa neKomiti yeVafundisi.

Ndeipi kukwanisa kweEuropean Court?

Sezvo hutongi hweEuropean Court huchibva paChitodzano, ruzivo runobva pachiri. Saka, anogona:

• Tsanangura Chibvumirano, uye zvisarudzo zvisati zvaitwa apo chikumbiro cheKomiti yeVatungamiriri, uye kupa mazano anopa mazano asina kufanana nekuongororwa kwemhosva;
• Chimbofunga zvose zviri zviviri uye zvikwata zvepakati pezvimwe zvinotungamirirwa kune nyika dzeEuropean Union uye Council of Europe;
• Kuziva chokwadi chekuputsa kwekodzero yemuiti wekodzero uye kumupa iye, kana zvikakunda, kuripa;
• Kutsigira chokwadi chekuputsa mutemo munyika, sechiitiko chakakura uye kuchiita kuti zvibvise kukanganisa.

Chimiro nekuumbwa

Vatongi vanobatanidzwa nevanhu 47 - mukuumbwa kwenyika dzakasaina rugwaro. Mutongi mumwe nomumwe anosarudzwa kwemakore 9 uye haagoni kusarudzwazve.

Kusarudzwa kwevatongi ibasa reParamende Rinosarudza, iro rinosarudza mumwe wevatatu vatorwa kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwakatumirwa nenyika inobatanidzwa.

Vashandi veChishanu vanobatanidza vanhu 679, pakati pevashandi 62 - vagari veRussia. Vashandi vezvemitongi nevashanduri vanoshanda pamwe chete nevashandi vehutungamiri uye vehupfumi.

Nhoroondo yeRussia muEuropean Court.

IRussia Federation yakasaina Gungano iri muna 1998 musi waMay 5. Isati yasvika zuva iri uye kusvika ikozvino, Constitutional Court yave ichiita nekodzero dzevanhu muRussian Federation. Dare reEuropean rine misiyano yakasiyana kubva nayo. Ndezvipi?

Dare reEuropean Court rinoshanda pasi peChangano, uye Constitutional Court inoshanda maererano neMutemo weRussian Federation.

Matare ane mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekutonga - European Court in interethnic, uye Constitutional Court ndeye nyika.

Maererano neBumbiro reDare reChishanu, zviito zvakagadziriswa zvisingawirirani nepamutemo, kana zvigadziriro zvavo zvakasiyana, zvinofanira kuchinjwa, maererano nemutemo wehurumende. Dare reEuropean, pane zvinopesana, haigoni kuchinja zvisarudzo zvakatorwa nedare redzimba, izvi hazvisi maererano neMutemo.

Asi, pasinei nekusiyana, hapana yezvikepe izvi yakakwirira pane imwe.

Mutongi wekutanga kubva kuRussia ainzi Anatoly Kovler (1998-2012). Akatsiviwa naDmitry Dedov, iye zvino ari mutongi.

Maererano nehuwandu, nyika yeRussia inotanga kuwanda munhamba yezvikwangwani zvakaendeswa kuEuropean Court.

Pamatambudziko akaongororwa pamberi pegore ra2010, 862 maRussia mhirizhonga mukudarika kwe815 kwakawanikwa. Dare rakarayira kutora matanho ehuwandu hwemamiriro ose, izvo zvakaunza kuchinja muurongwa hwejeri. Parizvino, zvimwe zviitiko zvekutongwa kwemutemo zviri pasi pekuvandudzwa.

Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti Russian Federation yakabvisa chikamu chehuchangamire hwayo kuEuropean Court. Nokudaro, Russia haisi kuzoita zvisarudzo zvinopesana neMutemo wayo.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekunyora zvikwangwani

Kukumbirira kunotumirwa kuDare reEurope kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera:

• Nyaya yaro inogona kunge iine kodzero uye rusununguko rwunotsanangurwa muChitodzano neMitemo yayo;
• Vanokakavara, boka revanhu, masangano asiri ehurumende ;
• Mukushandira muchengeti anofanira kuratidza zvinyorwa zveMitemo maererano nezvino kodzero dzake uye rusununguko nemashoko ake ega zvinopesana: zita, zuva rokuzvarwa, nzvimbo yekugara uye basa;
• Chikumbiro chacho chichafungidzirwa kana chichitungamirirwa nenyika iyo yakagamuchira Chibvumirano uye Mitemo uye zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa muchikumbiro zvakaitika mushure mekugadzwa;
• Munhu anopindura haagoni kuva munhu wega kana sangano;
• Nguva yakatarwa yokuisa kunyunyuta haifaniri kudarika mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekutariswa nehurumende inokwanisa;
• Iyi nguva ichagumiswa pamubvumirano weDare reEurope mushure mekunge chikumbiro chokutanga chakanyorerwa kana fomu yakagadziriswa nemunhu anenge aita;
• Kunyunyuta kunoonekwa kunogamuchirwa kana munhu anenge apedza kubhadhara anenge apedza mishonga yepamusha iripo.

Nyaya yeEuropean Court inotorwa kubva pamakore matatu kusvika ku5.

Ndekupi kwandingafambisa kunyunyuta?

Kana iyo sarudzo inosangana nezvose zvakatemwa, zvino inofanira kuumbwa mufomu. Inogona kubudiswa pamwechete neMirairo yekuzadza c echr.coe.int.

Iyo fomu inofanirwa kuve yakadhindwa, ichizadzwa uye inotumirwa kuEuropean Court of Human Rights pane kero iri pasi apa.

Tsamba yacho inofanira kunge ine mashoko anotevera:

• Zita rakazara, zuva rokuberekwa, ukama hwekodzero nekero remupomera;
• Zita reChechi kana Masangano anopikiswa nekutukuta;
• Nyaya yeCaconic uye yakajeka yezvokwadi, inonzi kudarika kana kutyora kwemashoko eChikorodzano nemafungiro avo, pamwe neshoko rekutevedzera mitemo yekubvumirwa.

Kana pane mumiririri, zvino fomu inofanira kuratidza:

• Zita rake rakazara, kero, nhamba yefoni, fax uye e-mail address;
• Zuva uye kusayina kwomunhu anenge aita basa.

Kunyatsorongedzwa kunetseka kunotumirwa kukero iri pasi apa.

Chero chipi nechipi chisarudzo cheDare, uyo anenge akakumbira achaudzwa nezvechisarudzo chake netsamba.