Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": pfupiso

Kune mabhuku asina asunungurwa kubva pakutanga kufambidzana rokupedzisira peji. Havana chete hazvina kukanganwika vakura, asi nekusiyana, murwire hapana zvishoma mufaro kunenge kuverenga. Ava mabasa chokuita mwoyo uye kumanikidza tsitsi magamba, uye kunyange kuchema kusaruramisirwa wematambudziko. Bhuku rino, iro kuti mafirimu uye cartoons dzakakurumbira chaizvo pakati pavanhu. Mumwe wavo ari "Ranger", pfupiso rinozikamwa mafeni ose Western Genre.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro musiki

Munyori basa, uyewo dzinotevedzana Natty Bumppo - Fenimor Kuper. Izvi chaiwo pakati American mabhuku uchinzvera Genre, muvambi wokugadzira "Western". Iye akakurira nguva apo colonists vakanga vachangobva kutanga kukunda America, saka aiziva upenyu maIndia uye vatsva chena. In meso ake kwakamuka mutambo kuparadzwa Redskins, waaida uye airemekedza. Chaizvo ainzwira urombo navo, tsitsi nokusaruramisira ichi, akarwa naro nechinyoreso ake. Asi zvinosuwisa, aisagona kuchinja.

Zvinofadza kuti paiva mukana bhuku rokutanga ari munyori (uye shure uye mamwe mabasa) "Pathfinder." Pfupiso yebhuku haana kukwanisa kuratidza mumhepo, iyo plunges muverengi achinyatsotaurira pemapeji emabhuku. Vanofanira kuverengwa uye apiwa kuverenga zvose. Zviri zvakakodzera.

Saka, kutanga Roman Kuper akanyora, nharo wake asi iye vakaifarira. Zvino vaverengi vakasvika ndaravira Genre yose itsva. Naizvozvo, James akanga asina kuita zvimwe basa mumunda mabhuku.

Mufananidzo Leather Socks

Very anoyevedza hunhu akasikwa F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", pfupi iyo dzichakurukurwa pazasi kugutsikana, hurukuro pamusoro Natty Bumpo. Pakutanga, zvinoita zvakare chakagadzirwa, sezvo munyori asingatani kuwedzerera uye romanticizing kunyengedzwa. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kufunga kuti iri pamberi Leather Socks anoita nhoroondo, umo iye nokushingaira muchirongwa. Zvisinei, akanga adzingwa "vakakwana" European vanhu. Sei? Nekuti akanga mutorwa kuna huru kwezvirwere vakararama panguva yake, ruchiva rwesimba, makaro, kusaruramisira, nhema. Anogona kuuya mashoko navo kwazvo, saka zvinozvipira renounces vanhu uye anowana rugare chete pakati pavanhu akafanana naye, kuti ndiye maIndia. Chokwadi kazhinji vakaedza kumudzorera budiriro, asi nguva dzose chimiro iri zvikuru mwoyo. Uye pazuva rokupedzisira papeji Nathaniel kutenderera yakaramba iri Yaiba, mumwe kutsvaka womunhu yakanaka.

Fenimor Kuper "Pathfinder": pfupiso

Zvino yava nguva kurangarira zvaiitika mubhuku, rakanyorwa F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", pfupiso yatiri tsanangura ndiro bhuku kutenderera rechitatu. On mapeji yokufungidzira muverengi achaona kujairana vatambi kubva mabasa Natty Bumpo uye Chingachgook wokutanga, uyewo tinyatsoziva vatambi vatsva. Ndicho akanaka Meybl Dunhem, akashinga wechikepe Charlz kuvat (munyu mvura), muduku Dzhasper Uestern uye Native American nemudzimai nokupwanya Arrow Rosa uye June. The nganonyorwa anotora nzvimbo pamahombekombe wakajeka Lake muOntario.

Kana Rondedzera pfupiso rinonzi "Ranger", rinoudza ari kurwira simba pakati French uye vokuBritain, rakanga kupinza kunetsana pakati pamarudzi Indian. Panguva ino, mumwe musikana wechiduku Meybl Dunhem anoenderera rwendo kuona baba vake, aishumira munhare. On panzendo dzake, babamunini vake, mumwe mutyairi uye Guides Tuscarora maIndia. Munzira Vanosangana nevarume chena vaviri uye chimwe redhead. Raiva Leather masokisi, Chingachgook uye Jasper mukwasvi. baba Mabel vake akavatuma kuitira kuchengeteka. About sei boka revafambi vakatamira zvakadzama America, uye anoti: "Pathfinder". Pfupiso of yokufungidzira vanofanira kukumbira muverengi, kuti utore bhuku iyi mumaoko enyu uye verenga kubva kwarinotangira kusvika kwarinoperera.

rusina kukwana mberi rudo

Munzira vakashinga boka adventures ngozi kumirira: mvura chaiyambuka, skirmishes pamwe Iroquois. Asi kana vasvika chinangwa, zvinoitika kuti kuti mberi. Young Jasper akapomerwa kushora, uye baba vomusikana anosarudza kumuroora Pathfinder. Nathaniel pachake anopenga murudo Magni, chaizvo kuti muchato wake kuroorwa. Asi iye anoramba. Zvichakadai, kurwisa French (musori chaizvoizvo nokupwanya Arrow), akakuvadzwa sajeni Dunhema. Iye bequeaths kuti mwanasikana wake kuroorwa Leather masokisi, uye anobvuma. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, anoziva kuti Mable haadi kumuda, asi Jasper vagara akasarudzwa mwoyo wake. Saka Anoparadza kure kuroorana, uye anokomborera vadiwa.

Kana ukaverenga pfupi chaizvo pfupiso ( "Ranger"), haugoni kuziva kuti muchato aiva magineti uye Jasper, uye Nathaniel congratulated navo uye anyangarika. Makore akawanda gare gare, mumwe musikana uchifamba nevana, vakaona munhu ari nechokure, uri zvakasimba nowenyika imwe shamwari yekare. Zvadaro akabvunza veko pamusoro ndiani. Akandiudza kuti akauya kunozivikanwa muvhimi remadunhurirwa Pathfinder. Magni akaziva kuti akanga asingakwanisi kurega kuda kwake.

Kutenderera The Leatherstocking Stocking

Fenimor Kuper kwete chete akasikwa chifananidzo akanaka murume akaita kare. Akatsanangura yose upenyu gamba rake, azere uchinzvera uye ngozi, nhamo uye kushushikana, mufaro uye kuchema. Fate Nathaniel anonyatsoenderana mumabhuku mashanu, izvo nezvoUmambo muduku nezvounhu, kukura kwake uye kukwegura. Uye pamwe chete nenjodzi Leather Socks munyori anoratidzwa upenyu America, ruvengo pakati vanhu varege kuudza nepfuma yakawanda yakadaro. Iye sketched njodzi zvakafanorongwa uye kusava, uye kukunda pakurwa uye kuzvidemba wakanyorwa kushandura vanongogara nzira.

Pyatilogiya

Tichafara kupa mazita mabhuku vanobatanidzwa iri kutenderera, mu kurongwa, vakati akanyorwa panguva dzakasiyana.

• "Sana St. vaJohani, kana munhu wokutanga nzira yehondo" - kuti yokufungidzira Nathaniel namanomwe kana gumi nemasere. Bhuku rakanyorwa muna 1841.
• "The Last the Mohicans, kana nyaya yacho gore 1757". Mutambi mukuru mumakore 32-34, uye yokufungidzira yakabudiswa muna 1826.
• "Pathfinder, kana pamhenderekedzo Ontario" umo vatambi anenge 35-38 makore. The chidimbu zvakanyorwa mune 1840s.
• "Mapiyona, kana kuva mavambo Saskuihanny" rinotsanangura upenyu Nathaniel mumakore 67-68. The nganonyorwa akaonekwa 1823.
• "Prairie (NHANO)" - chokupedzisira mubhuku trackers, iyo panguva chokurondedzera makore 78-79. Rakabudiswa muna 1827.

The kukurumbira of Union

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti enganonyorwa ose Fenimore Cooper zvakanga zvakakurumbira zvikuru pasi pose, uye muna Soviet Union zvikurukuru. On mutauro Russian bhuku kekutanga ini ashandura Ao Ishimova pakati pezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uye kubvira ipapo tanga kakawanda republished. On misoro yacho Leather-Stocking filmed mafirimu uye cartoons, yakabereka muchiso. Uye zvinokosha kuziva kuti magamba Cooper chaizoita kuti chidzitiro yakawanda vatambi. Vana vakadzidza enganonyorwa pasi purogiramu chikoro, uye ipapo airidza muchivanze, kufananidzira vakashinga gamba uye shamwari dzake.

Vana shanduro

Pasina mubvunzo, mabasa James Fenimore Cooper raMwari rakagadzirirwa vayaruki nevana chesekondari zera. Asi vaverengi vechiduku vanogona kuongorora nyika hunhu inoshamisa. Zvinogoneka kuti ake "Tales ari pathfinder", pfupiso iyo isuwo funga Skrebitsky akanyora achifuridzirwa arava adventures pakati Natty Bumppo.

Dzakagadzirirwa chigadzirwa vana chinonyanya zera chikoro. Asi ichi hachisi nyaya dzose. Havana kuudzwa mashoko akanaka uye zvakaipa n'anga, nyoka, zibukanana, magamba uye zvikara. Asi shoma admire mabhuku kupa inonakidza kurondedzerwa zvishamiso, akati nokuda akarinda ziso. Ranger-prirodolyubom pamberi pedu Skrebitsky. "Tales of pathfinder", pfupiso risingagoni kuvhura mabhuku ose zvemashiripiti, kutaura pamusoro nyika. Somuenzaniso, kuti zvinowanikwa birdhouse vana uye sei vari kutsvaka zvinhu zvakawanda. Small howcast tichanyatsoziva intractable uye akasindimara tyoni, neshiri yegungwa pusa, usiku zvakanaka uye nhata beetles, izvo akakwanisa kuwana furashiraiti uye ave Chinotonhora. Ndaida kuratidza vana Skrebitsky? "Tales of pathfinder", pfupiso iro zvambotaurwa, kutaura pamusoro mhuka dzavo miitiro, kunyanya pamusoro dondo manenji. Muchidimbu, pamusoro zvinoshamisa nyika kumativi uchida kudzidza uye kuongorora.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Hatigoni kutaura kuti nyika inofadza mabhuku yakazarukira chete nevaya vasiri kutya kuverenga mabasa chakazara shanduro? rombo rakanaka, shamwari dzangu, rombo rakanaka!