Mufananidzo "pasi" iri mutambo "The Lower makadzika" Gorky

Mutambo "The Lower dzakadzika", rakanyorwa Bamba Gorky (Alekseem Maksimovichem Peshkovym) muna 1902, ndiyo yechipiri mumutsetse mushure mutambo "vaFiristia" (1901). Munyika rinenge kuzivikanwa sezvo yakanakisisa zvisikwa inoshamisa nemunyori. The chidimbu makanyorwei zvinhu muupenyu, "vaimbova vanhu", riri tsime Kunyatsoziva munyori. In Nizhny Novgorod Gorky matumba nameso akaona prototypes zvinenge vose mutambo vemapato. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunokosha kutaura Kazhinji, ane "chokwadi" yayo kuti akasiyana nevamwe.

"Vanhu Vaimbove"

Chokwadi kuti vakawanda vacho mabasa - "vanhu zvekare" - kunokosha zvikuru. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aimbova nhengo munzanga, kuita pasocial basa. Zvino, ari nepokugara imba, kusiyana vatambi vakadzima, vose - vanhu chete vari kunyimwa zvimwe mwero munhu akazvimiririra. Kuti tinzwisise mufananidzo "pasi" iri mutambo "The Lower dzakadzika", zvinokosha kufungawo ichi chinokosha vatambi vayo.

Zvinetso kutamba

Munyori rinonyanya kwete zvikuru pamusoro evanhu mabasa, asi pane mukuru, chinonyanya kukosha kuti vakawanda zvinoitwa pfungwa dzevanhu. "Chii chinobatsira uye kunokutadzisa vararame?", "Sei kuwana chiremerera?" - Mibvunzo iyi kutsvaka mhinduro Maksim Gorky. Saka, zviri mutambo haringorevi evanhu, kusanganisira youzivi uye zvetsika. "Bottom" - ndiye pasi weupenyu broadest mupfungwa, mupfungwa chokuvapo kwevanhu zvavo, kwete chete mashoko akapoteredza munzanga.

Mufananidzo "pasi" iri mutambo "The Lower makadzika"

Russian nzanga pakutanga kwezana emakore, Ainyatsoziva Kusaona anotyisa mumagariro njodzi. In basa rake munyori akaita anofananidzirwa mamiriro dzinoitwa nyika chezvinyorwa zvenzwi. Heroes, kurarama mu "Makomba" uye wedzimba, kumirira Zuva Rokutongwa. Ichi upenyu rudzi bvunzo: ndiani anokwanisa kumuka kuupenyu hutsva, uye ndiani akazofa.

Yokufananidzira, chezvinyorwa inzwi zvidimbu kunyanya ainzwa mamwe ano yemitambo uye firimu mutungamiriri. Saka, kufanorongwa Moscow Theater South-West (Director Valeriy Romanovich Belyakovich) chips on whitekuva ichichinja kuita nzvimbo achiaita usina misara miviri-decker mubhedha yokurasikirwa mhuri zviratidzo. vatambi vose vanopfeka nguo chena uye muchinjikwa pectoral, sokunge pamberi Zuva rokutongwa. Kurohwa kutamba inopedziswa ne "tsika" nhoroondo: flophouse vakazadzwa "mhiri guva" nechiedza zvitema uye namakore noutsi, uye vagari kwayo, uye pakarepo Dzanyarara, sezvinoita sleepwalker, tanga kumonera pamusoro bunks uye writhe sokunge dzavo pamarwadzo zvakaipa vasingazivikanwi simba. Mufananidzo "pasi" iri mutambo "The Lower pakadzika" mukududzira iyi kuwedzera chaizvo, mukupfuura evanhu chechinyorwa.

Chirevo uye Realism basa

Kuridza Chirevo mabasa chokuita kuzvipira ari mufananidzo nenhungamiro mumagariro uye mupfungwa realism. Kunyanya kwazvo anzwa dingindira "gomba", yepasi sezvo Kunyadziswa inomirira vaidzvinyirirwa dzevanhu kuvapo. Pano anoratidza kwete chete zviri muupenyu (varombo kuRussia panguva iyoyo chaizvoizvo akararama zvikurukuru yepasi), asi chinhu zvikuru. Gorky aida murume asvika "mwari" chaizvoizvo, akadzokorora "mwari" muzviito zvokunamata ndege. Zvisinei, kuti aite izvi, aifanira kuita runorwadza uye yakaoma kuita rumuko mweya wake. Hapana saka zvinongoitika ibwe Maberere nowenyika imwe doss imba bako pamwe paguva Kristu. Feature mifananidzo ( "The Lower pakadzika") chakavakirwa tichienzanisa yeBhaibheri hunhu, kukwanisa kufanana naye.

Vanhu uye "murume"

In yepasi munhu anokandwa kunze muupenyu, yezve pfuma uye mari, munzanga, kazhinji ainzi. Vakawanda dramatis personae vari chete nicknames, zvakajeka zvifananidzo magamba "nechepasi". Kunorwadza) unoitisa maberere pazvinhu zvinoti: mutambi, Baron, munyonga Craw, mukanyiwa, Tartar. Zvinoita chete zvakafanana akasara kubva kuvanhu ava. Munyori, vachiisa ichi mupfungwa kuedza musi mabhii basa rake, anoda kutaura kuti, pasinei kuwa kudzika "vanhu zvekare" uchiri mweya mupenyu uye anogona kuita "kumuka."

Hurongwa mufananidzo "nechepasi woupenyu" hunosanganisira rumwe rudzi. Vamiririri "pamusoro", nadpodvalnogo nyika "vanatenzi" - Kostylev, mwene nepokugara imba, mumwe bloodsucker uye prude, mudzimai wake, Vasilisa, chinomutsa wake anoda Vaska madota umhondi wake - kuratidzwa sezvo vasingakwanisi rumutsiriro, pakupedzisira nokuurayiwa. Kuchijeka rimwe "chakavanzika" mashoko anoti mukuru Luke: "Kune - vanhu, uye varipo - zvakasiyana - uye varume ...". Zvadaro anotsanangura Kostylev kuti "vanhu" - avo vane mweya wakaita wakarimwa rakaorera pasi, kupa mapazi matsva.

The juxtaposition kuti "chokwadi-venhema"

Alekseya Maksimovicha Gorkogo - munyori uye munhu - nguva dzose ndondo unsolvability achisiyanisa "chokwadi -. Nhema" Tikaenzanisa vaviri "chokwadi" - munhu ane musoro kwevanhu uye uya kunomutsa okusika simba iri pa mwoyo kutamba "The Lower makadzika". Mifananidzo Baron, mites, Bubnov, panorasirwa madota vatakuri chokwadi zvinovava, uye kuzviisa pasi nemunyori kwayo paakapiwa ari yakakurumbira kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura Satina ( "All - munhu, zvose - nokuti vanhu").

Dostoevsky akamboti kuti kana aifanira kusarudza pakati paJesu Kristu uye chokwadi, angadai vakasarudzwa Kristu. Akanga asarudza Nastya, Luke, Actor, uye vamwe. Nezvifananidzo magamba "The Lower pakadzika" inotorerwa dzinoratidzwa kuzvipira maonero ichi kana rimwe (Baron, Bubnov, pamuShuramiti, Ash). Aleksey Maksimovich sezvo okugadzira zvinhu zvavo, uye kunyanya basa pacharo, akati kuti chisarudzo vachida murume.

Maitiro vaverengi uye nevatsoropodzi

Pasinei hombe kubudirira kutamba "On pasi", munyori haana kufara chaizvo nepfungwa yokuti iye Pakupedzisira. Akazoona nokuda zvakaitwa ruzhinji nevatsoropodzi veruzhinji, kuti muparidzi "nhema anonyaradza" Ruka akauya kupfuura inokosha mufananidzo, iyo yakawanikwa vakakodzera mupikisi. In akazotevera ongororo uye kubvunzurudza Aleksey Maksimovich akashora "venhema" Ruka, asi zvakakwana, zvichida aimuda. Naizvozvo, mutana zvakazoonekwa saka dzinopesana uye gahadziko. Panguva njodzi "anonyaradza nhema" Zvinovava akakurudzira vaverengi zvinenge kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu.

mhedziso

Gorky akakwanisa kuratidza mumwe zvinorwadza zvikuru uye ngozi zviri kwepfungwa uye kuziva kwevanhu - kusagutsikana pamwe chokwadi kwaro kutsoropodzwa, asi panguva imwe chete novimba kunze rubatsiro, chinetso nokuti mukana kununura "chishamiso" uye kununurwa pamatambudziko, kusada kuva mutoro hwavo uye dzavo itai. Ndiwo chaiwo "pasi" upenyu, izvo ringamiririra chero mukirasi kana kuti chinzvimbo. Nokuti vanhu vakadaro, "anonyaradza nhema," Ruka kunokuvadza uye ngozi, kunyange zvinouraya (rangarira mutambi uyo akanozvisungirira pakupera mutambo), sezvo chokwadi, yavachauya tichikufunga kutarisana, hazvina kudaro rine runyararo vakakwana.

Nyika zvakaipa, uye inofanira akatarisana, uye kwete kutiza naye munyika zviroto uye muchimuka. Vanhu vanosarudza yokunyepera simba. Vari apikisa dzakawanda rinoenderana upenyu dzinogona kubata chokwadi. Aleksey Maksimovich anomira humanist wechokwadi, kuratidza munhu meso rechokwadi mamiriro ezvinhu, kwete dzisavhiringidza meso ake anokurudzira zvipikirwa, kwakavakirwa - nhema, unhu murume.

Mufananidzo "pasi" iri mutambo "The Lower pakadzika" - imwe mifananidzo simba zvikuru nemabasa munyori, izvo vaverengi uye nevatsoropodzi ugodzoka zvakare uye zvakare, tichigumisa pfungwa, pfungwa uye kurudziro.