Rondedzero "vaimbova vanhu" Maksima Gorkogo

"Vaimbove vanhu" - basa akasikwa muna 1897. At kwayo mwoyo - pachavo nemaonero ari munyori, zvaakanga agamuchira apo aifanira kugara nepokugara imba iri kumucheto Kazan. basa iri Genre rinogona kurondedzerwa se rondedzero, sezvinoita rakarurama mufananidzo pamusoro pake, kushaya simba, nzeve upenyu hwezuva nezuva, uyewo detailed mufananidzo unhu inozivikanwa. The "Vanhu zvekare" Gorky kuti nokufungidzira itsva mhando gwatya. No glamour, yaizivikanwa kwatiri kubva mangwanani mumabasa ake.

"Vanhu Vaimbove": pfupiso

nzvimbo Rinokosha ari chikamu tsanangudzo yokutanga anopiwa. Pakutanga, pamberi pedu ndiye Suburban mumugwagwa. Hazvina inetsvina, mikukutu. Zvirindo, yaiva pano, asazivikanwa: a mahwindo nokushapira uye curved masvingo, leaky matenga. Tinoona semirwi marara uye marara. Zvinotevera rinotsanangura imba zvomutengesi Petunnikoff. lop-mativi Chivako ichi pamwe mahwindo kuputswa. Masvingo aro akafukidzwa makatsemuka. In imba ino, sezvinoita duku imba, iri flophouse. Afanane chinorwadza, refu gomba.

Portraits vanoshayiwa

Kubva tsananguro richienda munyori anopfuurira Portraits dzaishayiwa. Ndezvipi "vaimbova vanhu" vari Gorky kuti mutambo "The Lower makadzika"?

Aristide Sledgehammer - mwene nepokugara imba, vamboshanda somunhu mukuru. Iye vakuru boka vanonzi "vaimbova vanhu" uye zviri "mukuru mudonzvo." Gorky richimutsanangura varefu, murume yakakura anenge makore 50 okuberekwa, ane pockmarked chiso, kuzvimba kubva kunwa. Ari akapfeka kwakandionza uye tsvina weGurukota greatcoat, uye pamusoro wake musoro zara mafuta chivharo.

Uyezve, Portraits zvimwe vanoshayiwa. Mumwe wavo - mudzidzisi. It slouching murume akareba pamwe nyamanza uye refu, unopinza mhino. Chimwe vanoshayiwa - Simtsov Aleksey Maksimovich, aizivikanwawo Kubar. murume uyu - aimbova forester. Gorky akati kuti akanga "gobvu sezvo mudhiramu." Ane diki mhino tsvuku ruvara, gobvu ndebvu chena uye kutsoropodza maziso mvura-mvura.

Rinotevera aivamo imwe doss imba - Martyanov Luka Antonovich remadunhurirwa End. Kare, akashanda ari mujeri superintendent, uye ikozvino - mumwe "vaimbova vanhu". Zviri chinyararire uye chinorwadza chidhakwa.

Pano mupenyu uye Pavel Solntsev (Obedok) makanika. Uyu lopsided consumptive munhu makore anenge makumi matatu. Uyezve, munyori rinotsanangura Kiselnikova. Anoshaiwa - aimbova musungwa. Akanga dzakaondoroka uye varefu, "ari munyonga ziso rimwe." Akanzi nehafu Taras, sezvo shamwari yake Taras, aimbova mudhikoni raiva rimwe nehafu nguva yakaderera kupfuura. Next, tinodzidza vakomana refu-haired "musoro" "ane sheepish mhou Mug". zita remadunhurirwa rokuti ake - Meteor. Zvadaro, muvambi Rinotipa uye vanhuwo vagari nepokugara imba, murume. Mumwe wavo - Tyapa, mutana dhende-picker.

unhu dzaishayiwa

Bamba Gorky anoita kuti tifunge kuti nzira vanhu ava hava- mugumo wavo, uyewo upenyu uye muupenyu vamwe. Vane vasingakendengi, achiratidza kusabetsera kuti kwokunze ezvinhu. Mumwoyo yavo panguva hasha iyoyowo ichikura kuti iri kunangana vanhu vakapfuma. Nenzira, nyika "vanhu zvekare" muna Gorky kuti mutambo "The Lower pakadzika" zvakafanana zvikuru munhu akasikwa ari gadzira tiri kufarira.

Vachinetsana Petunnikoff

In chikamu basa zvose izvi vanotaurwa Kusagutsikana wechipiri anoshandura kupinda hayo vachinetsana Petunnikoff, mutengesi yeko. The hunhu uku - social. Mukuru akacherechedza kuti vamwe chikamu zvomutengesi chirimwa iri pasi Vavilov. Iye nechokwadi kumwene weimba kunokumbira Petunnikoff. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Aristide Sledgehammer iyi nyaya nechido pasina chido kuwana. Iye chete anoda netsa Petunnikoff, izvo anozviti kuvenga Judhasi.

yokurwisana mugumisiro

Zvisinei, kutaura, iyo yakapikirwa rubles 600, nyika inoguma. Business, akadzidza uye utsinye mwanakomana Petunnikoff Vavilov vabvume kudiwa kuti mubve nyaya kubva mudare. Zvikasadaro, iye vaityisidzira kuvhara bhawa, rine kumwene weimba. Vagari imba doss kuti ikozvino vachava kusiya kubatikana nzvimbo, nokuti mushambadzi zvechokwadi kwete varegererei remhosva ichi.

Nokukurumidza Petunnikoff chaizvoizvo kusiya pakarepo "hibarochku". Asi dambudziko iri hazvina kugumira ipapo. Uchiel anofa, rufu kupomerwa Aristide sledgehammer. Saka pakupedzisira Unokanganisa vaishayiwa munharaunda. Petunnikoff yokubudirira.

Psychology magamba

Zvizhinji nzeve Bamba Gorky inobhadhara kwete chete kudzidza vanonzi upenyu-beens. Akanga vanofarira zvepfungwa dzavo, nyika womukati. Munyori anotenda kuti kurarama flophouse pave simba vanhu vasiri kukwanisa vamutsidzirwezve, kuzvinzwira kuzadziswa. Ivo vanoramba zvose, kusanganisira upenyu hwavo. chinzvimbo ichi (ayo dzematongerwe - Sledgehammer) anoparadza uye unpromising. Hazvina dzinovaka, zvakanaka kutanga. Uye kusagutsikana kunokonzerwa kusabetsera, zvinogona chete kukangaidzika uye hasha.

Tinogona kutaura kuti Bamba Gorky (mufananidzo iye akapiwa pamusoro) murondedzero yake "vaimbova vanhu" inoita vagere mutongo "pasi". It akadarikira simba uye basa vatambi. Analysis rondedzero "vanhu zvekare" kunoratidza kuti havasi vanokwanisa nemanzwiro akanaka uye zviito. Panyaya iyi, zviri pachena chiitiko naTenzi afa. Maul, uyo aidavira kuti munhu ave shamwari, handina kugona kuwana kunyange shoko dzevanhu nokuti. matambudziko Social zvinoratidzwa nyaya bosyatskogo kutenderera mune ramangwana acharamba ichishanduka vari dambe kuti Maksima Gorkogo.

The musiyano chigadzirwa kubva vasiri yokunyora nokudhirowa

The vasiri gadzira chikuru nyaya terafimi magariro basa vatambi, pane dzakananga. Vanyori vaifarira Somuenzaniso, nhengo-mukuyi Petersburg, St. Petersburg wiper, Vatyairi vetekisi, machinda, navashambadziri. Munguva unyanzvi gadzira kuti akasika Gorky ( "vaimbova vanhu"), chinotaura pamusoro kudzidza vacho evanhu, vakanga vakabatana evanhu mamiriro ezvinhu. Heroes vaiva nepokugara imba, nechepasi upenyu. Flophouse anochengeta Aristide Sledgehammer, izvo pachazvo zviri "vaimbova" murume, nekuti ndiye mukuru pamudyandigere.

Pasina autobiographical gamba

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa nevamwe zvaidiwa chigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, "vaimbova vanhu" hakusi autobiographical gamba mufananidzo saka avanoziva Gorky. The narrator mubasa iri, sezvo kana achida kure pachake kubva zvose uye kwete kutengesa ayo kuvapo. Tinogona kutaura kuti basa rake mubasa "vaimbova vanhu" Gorkogo Maksima siyanei kupfuura kutenderera "MuRussia," kana mune rudo nyaya munyori. The autobiographical gamba hakusi mudzidzi vevatambi, shamwari yavo. Chete chinotaura vakomana asian, izvo vaimudana Sledgehammer Meteor, uye characterization sei anobata vamwe, unotipa kuona mairi ane autobiographical hunhu. Zvisinei, zviri zvishoma kure nebasa narrator.

Kuchinja kubva romanticism kuti realism

Chikuru chinhu chinosiyanisa "vanhu vaimbova" kubva mabasa Gorky, vachirondedzera nemabasa kwokutanga - iri kuchinja kubva kudanana dudziro zvisikwa kuti sezvazviri. Munyori achiri rinoratidza vanhu kubva kuvanhu. Zvisinei, nyaya yake kuna realism kunoita kuti aratidze zvikuru zvakajeka kusiyana kwakaita rima uye chiedza, simba uye simba mativi National hunhu, ayo kusawirirana. Rinotaurawo ndiyo nyaya kutsvakurudza zvibereko "vanhu zvekare".

Zvinoita sokuti munyori amuka nezvenzvimbo realism, haagoni kuwana nzira yokugadzirisa kunetsana pakati mugumo womunhu (akareba) uye njodzi kukundikana kuziva hwake "zvekare" vanhu, neyamapani chinzvimbo anogara. Invincibility makakatanwa anoita Gorky wokupedzisira nzvimbo adzoke maonero, chaiyo romanticism. Chete ari chinhu pamusoro chisarudzo anogona kuwanikwa insoluble. Munyori anonyora kuti paiva chinhu shingirira uye kutorarama enderana pfumbu makore, izvo yakafukidzirwa kudenga. Sokunge kuda gurai kugeza uye kusuka zvitadzo zvose tsvina ine nyika akasuruvara vaneta. Yose zvayo, zvisinei, ane musoro yakanaka. Zvakakosha kutaura mashoko mashoma nezvazvo.

nzvimbo

In nyaya mangwanani yemunyori kudanana nzvimbo akaitirwa kusimbisa chaizvo hunhu uye zvokunamata uye kunaka kumaodzanyemba usiku, ari kutya murima dondo uye kusingaperi vakasununguka steppes aigona kushanda pakanyorwa kuti Kuziviswa kudanana gamba, vachikanganisa hwake vachiti yakanaka hwake. Zvino Gorkiy Maksim ( "vaimbova vanhu") rinoreva chaizvo yakanaka. Ari kufarira kwake Anti-aesthetic zvinhu. It anosangana tiine yakaipa kumucheto. Turbidity ruvara, kukanganisa, pallor vanofanira kusika pfungwa kuregeredza kwezvakatipoteredza umo vanoshaiwa vachirarama.

kunetsana

Munyori anoedza kunzwisisa sei guru munzanga uye munhu aikwanisa vanonzi "vaimbova vanhu". Anofanira kuwana kana ivo vari akaoma mumhuri uye magariro evanhu, kuti achengetedze yomudzimu, dzisiri zvinhu tsika, iyo inogona rinosiyaniswa nenyika saka kunaka kwavari. The peculiarity makakatanwa kunokonzerwa chaizvo ichi zvinoumba nyaya. basa kupesana ane munzanga hunhu. Pashure vanoshayiwa Yakanangepi sledgehammer Petunnikoff inoshora dzomutengesi, uye mwanakomana wake - chando, simba, vakangwara uye nhengo vakadzidza yeRussian bourgeoisie.

Munyori anofarira mukuru dhigirii evanhu rutivi yokurwisana ichi, uye kusada kunzwisisa vatambi nzvimbo, zvinobvira tarisiro, zvavanoda. Haisi imwe nyika vari kuda, kana kunyange mari. Izvi chete nekuratidzwa ruvengo varombo chidhakwa kuti zvinoshingaira uye mupfumi.

Gorky anoratidza vasina "vaimbova vanhu" okugadzira zvinhu, kukura mukati, basa, nokuzvidzora kuvandudzika. Asi izvi unhu zvinokosha chaizvo kuti munyori. Ivo dzaitaurwa yokufungidzira "Mother" uyewo gamba rake autobiographical trilogy. Vagari imwe doss imba haigoni kuita chinhu kumisa yakapoteredza chokwadi, kunze nokuvenga. Izvi kunovatungamirira chete "pasi". hasha dzavo anotendeuka pamusoro pavo. Hapana akaita kushora yake nomushambadzi, "vanhu zvekare".