The Old Russian munyori Daniil Zatochnik: Biography, mabasa

Daniil Zatochnik - munyori mumwe mabasa yakakurumbira mumabhuku ekare. basa rake nyaya zvikuru yesayenzi gakava, zviri kushandiswa dzidzo chirongwa munhoroondo mumadhipatimendi. Chikonzero mafungiro ichi iri chokwadi kuti basa rake - ndicho chakajeka shongwe yaitonga, kuratidza pfungwa mumiririri pakati strata munzanga.

Brief nhoroondo dzeupenyu of

Daniil Zatochnik, ane Biography iri aisatombowanika, Ungangove vaibva vanhu vakanga zvimwe chokuita basa yomuchinda. Kanenge, zvanzi ruzhinji Vanyori. Vamwe vanodavira kuti akanga ari mhizha pabasa rake, asi nyanzvi dzakawanda vachiri wekuita nezvokuti zvakanga pedyo yomuchinda boka racho, nokuti mabasa ake anoratidza zivo pamusoro sei zvinhu zvaifamba panguva vatongi.

In sainzi, pfungwa kuti zvichida akanga ari nhengo mudiki squads, vamwe zvinoratidza kuti aiva chipangamazano muchinda (the Duma ari mazwi yekare). Asi zvakawanda ataura mutauro, chevarwere aphorisms, zvirevo muzvinyorwa ake zvinopupurira chokwadi kuti kwakanga pedyo nenyika munharaunda. kare vakawanda vanobvuma kuti aiva chizvarwa muguta Pereyaslavl. mabasa ake dzinoreva mubati weguta. Zvadaro, iye akatapwa, mujeri, kana iye nokuzvidira Vanzveri rokumanikidzirwa kuti Lache-the-Lake (Olonets nharaunda). Mune imwe yaMakoronike riri kutaurwa kuti ichi ndicho nzvimbo akararama. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti Daniil Zatochnik akararama muzana remakore rechi12, asi vamwe vanosanganisira makore ake upenyu remakore rechi13.

Features mabasa

Murume uyu akarangarira kuti zvaakanyora, kudanana, zviri izvo kuchiri nharo pakati nyanzvi. Vatsvakurudzi havagoni kusarudza kana vaviri hwakawanda huripo Monument ane rakanyorwa iri anonzi kwaari, rimwe kunyora, asi shanduro zvakasiyana, uye achiri mabasa akasiyana kuva vanhu vakasiyana. "Munyengetero" Daniila Zatochnika - chikumbiro ichi kuna muchinda, umo iye akanyunyuta pamusoro wake zvisina mugumo yaakavingwa chema nedambudziko rake uye akakumbira mutongi wavo kumubatsira kubvisa dambudziko, sezvo iye akariisa. A maitiro chepfungwa Monument - ndechokuti zvakanga kutanga yakajeka pfungwa nezvinodiwa uye zvinotarisirwa yapakati kwamachinda. Kanenge, ndizvo nemasayendisiti unhu zvinyorwa izvi. "Shoko" Daniel Zatochnik zvakawedzerwa pedyo vakati bhuku, saka vanowanzoororwa vanoonekwa hwose. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kutsanangura mazuva uye muunganidzwa nemabasa aya.

The ukoshi mumabhuku

Mabasa aya akakurumbira kwazvo Russia: ivo tsamba, append uye vachinzwisisa pachena se tsime rouchenjeri hunobatsira. Izvi strata siyana uye akaturikidzana kwakaoma chaizvo kuziva muvambi code, asi vanyori kazhinji reconstructed Zvivako izvi yavo yepakutanga chimiro. "Munyengetero" Daniila Zatochnika ndiko, maererano nedzimwe vatsvakurudzi, vanonakidza kupfuura shongwe vanokudzwa journalistic pfungwa vakazoroorwa kukanganiswa kukura mumagariro kuziva. ezvinhu ino inotsanangura kufarira uyu shongwe, nokuti rudzi kuratidzwa zvido uye zvinotarisirwa imwe huru zvidzidzo muRussia yekare.

mutauro

rondedzero Style vagara pasi ichifarirwa nevakawanda kare sezvo chinoratidza siyana zvinodiwa nemunyori. Pane akatorwa pana Matsvene uye nevamwe vanozivikanwa mabhuku mumabasa aya. Daniil Zatochnik kunoita munhu vakadzidza zvikuru uye zvakanaka verenga murume. Iye pachake akabvuma kuti aifarira kuverenga, chii anowana kunyaradzwa zvayo. In chigadzirwa kune mashoko kubva mamwe mabasa. Izvi zvinoratidza guru erudition uye erudition nemunyori. Zvisinei, muna zvirevo zvizhinji uye aphorisms, izvo munyori anodana uchenjeri hwenyika. Zviri "Kuteterera" Daniila Zatochnika Zvinofadza mupfungwa inoratidza wakafara chiratidzo nemunyori.

Tikafunga bhuku prices uye dzakakurumbira mashoko zvinoratidza kuti munyori ane ruzivo naka mabhuku werudzii, nekuti, pachena, nhengo boka akadzidza vanhu. Iyewo raireva uye ndima kubva "Izbornik" - basa rakanyorwa 1073. Mifananidzo kubva lexical nemaonero ari kwazvo anonakidza: zvinosanganisira munyengetero, chikumbiro, chikumbiro, uye panguva imwe chete rine satire, kabhuku kurwiswa, dzidziso, mifananidzo.

dambudziko kuagamuchira

The sainzi haisi zvangoratidza chaizvo uyo akataura rondedzero yake Daniil Zatochnik. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yokutanga shanduro aitaurirwa mwanakomana wake Vladimir Monomakh, Yaroslav, asi masayendisiti akawanda nharo Shanduro iyi, vachifunga kuti akanga atumwa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu uye mukoma wake Andrey Dobrov. Hama kuti chinyorwa chepiri hapana misiyano yakadaro. vanyori Most vanoziva kuti shoko kwakaitirwa muchinda, aitonga Pereyaslavl.

chechinyorwa chenhoroondo

The kutaurwa zvinoita kuti kukunda Tatars yeRussian nyika kunoratidza kuti basa rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi13, panguva imwe nguva apo paiva nengozi wamazvirokwazvo Mongol nechisimba. Daniil Zatochnik, ane mabasa anoratidza zviri munguva, dare iri murugwaro, zvakajeka pavakatambudzwa zviitiko zvichiitika vakavapoteredza, uye pasinei mujeri, akapora achiziva, rira, izvo anowedzera kukosha kunobva. Mairi munyori anokumbira muchinda kuidzorera basa ive mubatsiri. Munyori Zvisinei, uye rinoti nezvake ari kutuka matauriro, zvisinei, zvikuru pachena anoziva kukosha ruzivo rwavo. Rinoratidza, uyezve, vakawedzera uwandu vanhu unyanzvi uye vakadzidza kuti 12-13 emakore, basa kwamachinda pasi Prince akawedzera.

"Munyengetero" Daniila Zatochnika, ari kuongorora izvo zvinoita kuti tinzwisise zviri nani sechivako kwenzanga yekare, ari unoshamisa shongwe yacho vadzidza nguva, nokuti munyori anenge kunooneka zviri evanhu maumbirwo yekare Russia 12-13 emakore. On kwayo hwaro vaverengi zvinogona kutongwa kuti boka raimiririra Evha Mongol nechisimba. In basa rake pane rondedzero kwomuchinda Kutarisirwa (munyori kutaura Tiuna, kwomuchinda kudzora upfumi), magariro nemamiriro (munyori anotaura ryadovichah), uye pane mashoko pamusoro mukuru Kutarisirwa (pane kutaura Manor uye mutongi muchivanze). Zvose izvi zviri kuratidza yokunyora nokudhirowa Vekare Russian upenyu kutaurwa remakore. Kutanga "Munyengetero" Daniila Zatochnika - ndiro danho rinokosha kupfuura kwete chete yaMakoronike yekare, asi mabhuku National zvavo. Somunhu publicist shongwe naiyewo mutauriri zvinofarirwa kwamachinda.

Nhamba mabasa maviri

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti sayenzi haisi kugadziriswa mubvunzo sei Zvivako izvi zviviri ukama. In sainzi, pane pfungwa kuti kusarudza wechipiri (zvichireva "Munyengetero") rinotaura uye dzakaitika, uye kuti kunogona zvakawanda kana zvishoma kutevera njodzi nemunyori. Maererano akapoteredza, akatambura Kunyadziswa boyars kana ari mumwe wavo, zvichienderana. Zviri pachena, akanga ari urombo uye dzisakarurama pamutemo uye saka vadzivirire uye kutsigira muchinda. Mukuwedzera, yechipiri musimboti vanoonekwa inoverengeka chenhau chokwadi, ukuwo tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo zvikuru generalized, uye saka anonziwo "Shoko." In mabhuku yekare, ichi chinoreva Genre, iyo vaifunga kuti nharo chero nyaya kuitira kuti interlocutor abvume.

simba zera

Munyori ndiye nomumwe basa - ". Zvakaedza Kuparadzwa Russian nyika" Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi haisi nekusimbiswa mabhuku. basa iri rakanyorwa pashure pokuparadzwa nyika Russian of Mongol-Tatars. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti muvambi basa iri raiva South Russian munyori. Monument ichi, pamwe chete nemabasa Daniila Zatochnika vanofanira munyaya yacho Russian mabhuku Old, izvo munhambo ichi chaizvo zvakajeka pavakatambudzwa zviitiko zvichiitika vakavakomberedza. vanyori vavo akatsanangura kwete chete zviitiko zvichiitika vakavapoteredza, asi akataurawo mafungiro avo kwavari, uye akapa mutengo wavo zvimwe zviitiko, vanova venguva. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mienzaniso - kunyora "zvakaedza kuparadzwa Russian munyika", rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi13 umo akaratidza kurwadziwa ake pamusoro kuparadzwa kumatunhu Russian uye maguta,.