Sydäntä, "My Kare uye Pfungwa": pfupiso zvitsauko. "Past My uye Pfungwa": Characters

Alexander Ivanovich bhuku "Kare uye Thoughts", pfupiso yatiri funga, yakabudiswa muna 1868. Kuchitanga mukoti munyori nyaya sei mhuri sydäntä famba Moscow, maigara French muna 1812. Alexander pachake akanga achiri mukomana muduku. Anopedzisa chigadzirwa kuitika 1865-1868 wacho, sydäntä pazvidhindo kubva rwendo kuenda kuEurope.

Kutaura zvazviri, ndangariro haagoni kunzi mune zvizere pfungwa yeshoko, "My Kare uye Thoughts". Summary chigadzirwa haripi pfungwa zvakakwana chokurondedzera mamiriro, saka pre kucherechedza kuti chete migove okutanga mashanu (vanosvika 8) tinowana mutsara sequential zviitiko. Next, pashure kutamira kune munyori muLondon muna 1852, uchiteverwa akatevedzana journalistic nyaya, essays Zvisinei, akarongwa munhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vamwe misoro mabasa vakatanga kubudiswa sezvo vakaparadzana zvinhu ( "Robert Owen", "arabesque Western"). Sydäntä akafananidza zvaakasika pamwe nokusingaperi kupedzisa kuvaka imba ine mapapiro maviri, wedzera-Ons uye Extensions.

Chikamu chokutanga

"Vana uye University" - vanonzi chikamu basa "My Kare uye Pfungwa" vokutanga. Pfupiso yebhuku zvayo zvinotevera. It rinotsanangura nguva kubva 1812 kusvika 1834. In chikamu basa yokutanga inorondedzerwa chikuru upenyu sydäntä mumba mababa vake. Chaiva akachenjera hypochondriac. Anenge mwanakomana (sezvo, zvirokwazvo, babamunini, baba uye shamwari ouduku), nezvaiitwa chigadzirwa ramakore rechi18.

A zvakarwadza chaizvo hwomwana fungidziro aiva zvakaitika December 14, 1825. Sydäntä muna 1827 vakasangana N. Ogarev, hama yake kure. Ndiwo nyanduri ramangwana, uyo sydäntä acharamba muLondon kutungamirira Russian kudhindwa imba. vakomana vose muropa Schiller. On ushamwari hwavo, zvinoonekwa sezvinhu mubatanidzwa wevanhu vaviri unoranganawo enyika. Kamwe pazuva Sparrow Hills, vari vapika kubayira upenyu hwavo nokuda rusununguko.

Sydäntä anoenderera kuparidza okunyanyisa maonero enyika uye akakura, apo akava mudzidzi of Moscow State University (Physics uye Mathematics Department).

Ona kuti zviitiko afa Alexander I, rinoti munyori mabasa "My Kare uye Thoughts". Summary (Part 1, Chapter 3) havagoni kutsanangura izvi. Zvisinei, tinoona kuti, sezvo munyori anonyora, kutambudzwa enyika paitonga Alexander kwaisawanzoitika. Zvisinei, mutsivi wake Nicholas vaivenga kuti kuduku pedantry, kutonhora utsinye, mafi. Kusungwa akatanga. Madzimai avo vakanga nhapwa rakaoma, vachinyimwa kodzero dzavo. Vaifanira kukandira zvose pfuma uye akatumira Eastern kuSiberia pasi ipapo mapurisa nokuongororwa. izvi zvose anotarazve sydäntä mubasa rake "My Kare uye Thoughts". Summary (Chikamu 1, musoro 3 achangobva anomirirwa) kunosvika yechipiri mugove zviitiko.

Chechipiri

Zvakanyorwa kunzi "Prison uye Kupotera" rinotsanangura makore kubvira 1834 kusvika 1838-fung-ndipo. Ogarev (photos ake anoratidzwa pazasi), sydäntä uye dzimwe nhengo kuyunivhesiti denderedzwa kupomerwa vachinyomba kwake mambo. Mhosva dzenhema vakasungwa uye vakatapwa.

Upenyu hwemujeri rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama munyori basa "My Kare uye Thoughts". Summary (musoro 3 chikamu ichi anopa chiratidzo upenyu mutorongo) kunosvika kuti anoshumira Vyatka Hertzen, muhofisi yemo dzematunhu purangazve. Statistical anosiiwa yake arairwa. Zvitsauko mabasa akaunganidzawo chaizvo ndakasuruvara uye anecdotal zviitiko rokudzora pazuva mudunhu. In chete chikamu, mumwe AL Vitberg. Sydäntä akasangana naye nhapwa. Sydäntä muna 1838 kuchinjirwa Vladimir. Muguta rino, pane chimwe chigadzirwa zviitiko kuti vakazvitsaurira kuna pfupiso ino. "My Dzekare Thoughts", chikamu 1 uye chikamu 2 zvatakapfidza kare kurondedzerwa, kupfuurira Zviitiko 1838-39 biennium. Panguva ino, paiva waaiziva kuti sydäntä pamwe mudiwa wake. Development ukama naye, uye inotevera chikamu.

wechitatu

"Vladimir-on-Klyazma" - vanonzi chetatu basa "My Kare uye Thoughts". Pfupiso yebhuku nayo kutiudza nhoroondo yemunyori rudo Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy, uyo aiva mwanasikana mubvandiripo wababamunini vake, uye akanga akarerwa tete hafu-kupenga uye zvakaipa. Asi kwete chete nayo kutiudza sydäntä. Somuenzaniso, zviitiko 1834 anotumira musoro "Moscow pasina ini" mabasa "My Dzekare Thoughts" (Chapter 4). Pfupiso yebhuku hazvizorevi kupiwa, sezvo akanga kuzviudzwa mu chechipiri. We mberi kuti tsanangudzo yemunyori ukama Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy.

Kuti munotenderana muchato hama musawana rudo zvibereko "My Kare uye Thoughts". Summary (musoro 3 chikamu ichi anonzi "Kuparadzana") rinoguma vachisiya Vyatki. Sydäntä (asian ake anopiwa pamusoro) muna 1838, vakasvika muMoscow, kunyange zvazvo tarambidzwa kupinda izvozvo. Anotora mwenga wake, uye korona muchivande naye. Izvi rinopedzisa chetatu sydäntä ( "Kare uye Pfungwa"). Pfupiso zvinotevera zvimwe zviitiko kukurukurwa pazasi.

The mugove wechina

The nguva kubva 1840 kusvika 1847 inorondedzerwa "Moscow, St. Petersburg uye Novgorod." Rinozivisa pamusoro njere kuitika nguva muMoscow. Ogarev uye sydäntä, vakanga vadzoka pakutapwa, kutamira pedyo Hegelians - denderedzwa Stankevich. shamwari yavo Bakunin uye Belinsky. Sydäntä mu "kwete zvedu" (musi Chaadayev, K. Aksakov, Kireevskys, Khomyakov) rinoti racho rose ringakweva pamwe muna 40s Slavophiles uye dzokumadokero. Akaenda mberi kutsanangura nei haugoni kusanganisa slavjanofilstvo pamutemo nenyika. Sydäntä zvakare anotaura pamusoro gutsaruzhinji uye Russian vomunharaunda.

Nokuti pfungwa zvikonzero, muna 1846, sydäntä uye Ogarev kutamira kure zhinji, kunyanya kubva Granovsky. Personal bopoto mberi pakati muvambi Granovsky nokuti mumwe havana kuziva, uye mumwe aibvuma yokusafa kwomweya. Ipapo angasarudza kuenda munyika sydäntä. "Past My uye Pfungwa", pfupiso yatiri tsanangura - hombe Vhoriyamu basa. Saka tinogona kutaura nezvazvo chete zvavo nemashoko.

cheshanu

Rinotsanangura makore kubvira 1847 kusvika 1852-fung-ndipo. Munyori anotaura pamusoro makore okutanga kuti aakapedza ari Europe. Sydäntä akati pamusoro rokutanga muguta guru French, pamusoro nemaonero ake muParis. Anotaura nezve "Young Italy", weRoma National Liberation rwokufamba pokuchinja muFrance muna February 1848 uye nevamwe.

Richirondedzera pfupiso nyaya "Kare wangu Thoughts", tinoona kuti sequential mharidzo zviitiko kare muchikamu ichi hwakakanganiswa nyaya uye essays sydäntä. Munyori inoti iri sideshow vanoda "arabesque Western" pamusoro porufu Western budiriro, saka anodiwa kuti Russian sunungukei kana mugovanisi. Paradza philistinism Europe, vakatora vose kunamatwa zvokunyama zvakanaka. dingindira iri zvinogona kunzi leitmotif yose basa. Sydäntä akaona chete huchapedza pakuvaka nokugara wehurumende.

Zvakanyorwa muzvitsauko vakazvipira kuna Proudhon, rinotaura pamusoro nemaonero ake rudo naye, akati zvaisafungidzirwa softness munhu ataure. Anotaura mubhuku Proudhon kuti, "On Justice mukereke uye muna chimurenga." Kubva muvambi basa iri havabvumirani sydäntä, nokuti anobayira ruramisiro mamiriro kwevanhu unhu. With mhando akadaro ezvinhu sydäntä nguva kukakavadzana, kuunganidzwa mumwe Arakcheyev kuipandukira akadaro (somuenzaniso, rechitanhatu chikamu, muchitsauko "Robert Owen").

Handidi sydäntä uye Proudhon Maonero kune vakadzi - proprietary. Anotenda kuti munyori vatongi pamusoro zvakadai zvinorwadza uye zvakaoma zvinhu zvakafanana negodo uye kumutengesa, zvakare chinyakare.

The mumutambo muupenyu sydäntä

Chikamu wechishanu chinoguma nhoroondo mhuri sydäntä, makore okupedzisira oupenyu Natalia Alexandrovna. The accession pamusoro Napoleon III, uyewo, uye ipapo rinorema hwomwanasikana chirwere iri makaita mukadzi uyu, yakasiyana propensity mwoyo zvakasimba. Iye anopinda noukama akakurumbira German mugovanisi uye nyanduri Herwegh. Munhu uyu aiva iyoyo dzepedyo shamwari sydäntä. Iye wakanyevenuka Herwegh zvichemo kusurukirwa, kuti hakuna anonzwisisa. Natalya anoramba kuda murume wake. Zvinorwadza ezvinhu uye pakupedzisira vakaona kukosha rwokusarudza, mukadzi akatsanangurira sydäntä. Akanga akagadzirira kurambana, kana kwainoda Natalia. Zvisinei, Unokanganisa pamwe Herwegh uye anogara nemurume wake.

Hertz rinoitwa mushure kuyananiswa dzimwe nguva muItaly. In kwaparara muna 1851 akauraya amai munyori, uye mwanakomana wake muduku Kolya. Herwegh haadi kugamuchira kukundwa. Anodzingana zvichemo nomwe, vanotyisidzira kuuraya sydäntä kana kuzviuraya. Pakupedzisira notifies yakawiriranwa shamwari pamusoro chiitiko. Friends akanamatirana nokuda sydäntä. Panozotevera zvinoitika chiitiko pamwe kurova uye matochi, nezvetsaona ekare zvikwereti, mabhuku periodicals. Natalia haigoni kufamba nayo zvose. Pashure kubereka, zvichida kubva tibhii, iye akafa muna 1852.

It apedza cheshanu essays pamusoro Russian vakatamira anomirirwa mu "Russian mumvuri." Sydäntä apo vakawanda kuonana navo. shamwari yake kuyunivhesiti ARMENIA Sazonov, famba Europe, - mhando yevanhu Russian, pasina akanga akaparadza "Mipata nemauto," izvo harina vaizviti mumba nyika. Nekurangarira vezera, munyori pano anodana "kururamisira" uye "kuziva" kuti vanhu vaya zvibayiro zvavanotenda zvose zvinogona kuuya kwavari zvetsika upenyu. Sydäntä AV Èngel'son - Gen Petrashevists ne "kunorwadza ruchitsemuka", runowanzoitika kwaari, "kuzvikudza kwazvo" kuti kwakasimbiswa pasi pokudzora ake "diki" uye vanhu "trashy" avo vaiumba ruzhinji nguva.

wechitanhatu

Inonzi "England" rinotsanangura makore kubvira 1852 kusvika 1864-fung-ndipo. Sydäntä pashure pokufa vaviri vakatamira kuEngland. Herwegh akaita ake mhuri mutambo kuruzhinji, uye munyori zvakakodzera kuti dare reEuropean gutsaruzhinji akabvuma kuti akanga akarurama. Asi sydäntä akawana kunyaradzwa kwete mudare iri, uye basa. Akatanga kunyora "My Dzekare Thoughts", uye vakasimudza mudziyo Russian Typography.

Sydäntä (asian wake akauya pamusoro) rinotiwo London upenyu kusurukirwa sei naye chokwadi. England panguva iyoyo yakanga izere vanotodzoka, izvo kazhinji anotaurwa chechitanhatu. Yaiva motley revanhu, kubva vatungamiriri National Liberation uye mugovanisi kufamba mu Europe, raiva chiratidzo munyori, kuti vasori uye matsotsi, uyo pasi achinyepera enyika Nhapwa anokumbira pachako Chinyorwa.

Sydäntä, chokwadi chokuti nyika unhu aripo, opedza zvimwe essays expatriates vemunyika dzakasiyana ( "vokuGermany nhapwa", "kuPoland" uye vamwe.). Muchitsauko "The vokuGermany muutapwa", zvikurukuru, imwe tinyatsonzwisisa Marx uye vatsigiri vake - ". Sulfuric zvematsotsi" Munyori anoona zvokusatendeseka vanhu ava, kuti aparadze zvavo vavengi enyika tagadzirira chinhu. Sydäntä ndiko kuziva kuchengeta kuti ari kudhumhana pamwe nemumwe National vatambi pachena. Somuenzaniso, muchitsauko "The pezvakaitwa maviri" kupiwa rondedzero chinosetsa zviri ongororo paruvazhe Chirungu zvazvingava, French duelists.

wechinomwe

Chikamu ichi basa iri vakazvipira kune Russian kuenda kumwe. Zvikurukuru, zvinoratidza munhu essays musi Pecherin B. uye M. Bakunin, nezvenhoroondo "zvitare" uye Free Russian Typography. Munyori anotanga nokurondedzera sei aizongoerekana akabhadhara kushanyira imwe konoro. Sezviri pachena, akanga asingazivi murume, uye kwete kusununguka. Zvisinei, aiona basa rake kuuya sydäntä sezvo zviremera. Muchitsauko chokutanga, "Apogee uye Perigee," anodaro huru simba uye vakawanda "zvitare" kuRussia, iyo anouya shure Moscow moto. Uye akati kuti munyori vakasarudza kudhinda achitsigira Poles muna 1862, panguva rwokumukira kwavo.

worusere

Summary Artwork "Kare uye ndakafunga" anopfuurira kurondedzera 8th mugove. Rine nguva kubva 1865 kusvika 1868. Harina zita, uye ingaita dingindira. Hapana tsaona muchitsauko chikamu ichi chokutanga anonzi "No kubatana". Sydäntä anotsanangura pfungwa iyo akaita nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuEurope mukupera 60s. Europe vachiri kuonekwa sezvo muguva munyori. Izvi, anodaro, kunyanya muchitsauko musi Venice uye vakatsoropodza Imperial France "muprofita." Chapter "Kubva dzimwe nyika" 6 chikamu yakatsaurirwa vakwegura, vaimbova nomukurumbira uye vakabudirira vanhu. Sydäntä aidavira kuti nzvimbo chete yose Europe, zvakakodzera kuti upenyu - Switzerland.

"Old Letters"

"Old tsamba" vakakwana chigadzirwa "Kare wangu Thoughts", pfupiso muzvitsauko inorondedzerwa munyaya ino. Ndiwo mashoko tsamba muvambi Belinsky, N. Field, Chaadaeva Granovsky, Carlyle, Proudhon. Sydäntä mumashoko okutanga kuti bhuku ravo anovasiyanisa. Kare huri mutsamba hakusi kudzvanya nesimba rake rose, iro harisi bhuku. Easy kuderedza wavo anongoitika kugutsikana, na kwezuva nezuva nhamo kutiswededza pedyo hachishandi.

Zvechokwadi, mune imwe nyaya hazvibviri hunonyatsodonongodza basa "My Kare uye Thoughts". A pfupi pfupiso rakakodzera chete wokutanga kuziva naye. basa iri Zvinokosha kudzidza nokuti rinopa kutarisana cherudo yaitonga. "My Dzekare Thoughts", pfupiso chitsauko 1 kunotanga 1812 uye inoguma muna 1868 ndangariro gore, anofukidza nguva, mupfumi munhau.