Slavophiles neWesterner

Makumi makumi mana ezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe akadzika munhoroondo se "makore gumi anoshamisa" - nguva yekukakavadzana kwakagadziriswa uye chido chekunamata chisingaperi. Iro rusersia yekuRussia yakaratidzika se "yakamutswa kubva pakurota", zvichiita kuti hurumende iwedzere kufambira mberi kwehutano uye pfungwa dzefilosofi.

Upenyu hwose hwepfungwa hwakanga hwakazara mumuguta guru, kuMoscow, umo maitungamirirwo emunguva A. Herzen, P. Chaadaev, A. Khomiakov vakaratidza maonero avo evanhu vasina hanya-evanhu, vakakavadzana uye vakakakavadzana. Basa guru muhupenyu hweRussia rakaitwa nevadzidzi veMoscow University. Ivo vakaratidza maonero matsva pamusoro pemamiriro ehupenyu hwekuvandudzwa kweRussia uye ukama hwayo neEurope. Zvishoma nezvishoma vatori vechikamu mumakurukuro vakakakamurwa kuva mativi maviri, ayo aiva nemazita ekunyora: maSlavophils neWesterner.

Iyi miviri miviri inogara ichinetseka pakati pavo. Nyaya yemakakava avo yaiva yekare uye yemberi yeRussia. MaSlavophiles neWesterner mufilosofi yeRussia vakanga vari pedyo nekududzira nguva dzakare dzenyika yavo, vachizviona ivo vakasiyana nemaEurope. Wekutanga akarumbidzwa zvinangwa zvakajeka zveHurumende yekare yeRussia. VekuMadokero vakaratidza pfungwa yokuti mumasimba ekare eEurope nyaya yacho yakave yakapesana zvakakwana neyedu, kubvira kwenguva yakave yakagadzira zvimwe zviitiko zvakanaka. Vakaramba zvachose kunyange pfungwa yekufananidza neRussia yapfuura neMiddle Ages yakawanda munyika dzekuMadokero. Vamwe vavo vaifunga zvakapfuura, asi vamwe vakazviputira mumisi mizhinji.

Slavophiles neWesterner. Chii chakabatanidza izvi zviviri mafilosofi maitiro?

Vose avo nevamwe vainyanya kutsoropodza ikozvino. Vakaramba kunzwisisa uye kubvuma ikozvino Nicholas system: serfdom, kunze kwenyika uye pamba purogiramu, kuchinja kwechinangwa. Vose mazwi avo nezviito zvavo zvakakonzerwa nekuedza kudzivirira rusununguko rwemashoko, mazwi, hana, maonero evanhu mune mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika.

Iyo nharo pakati peWesternizers neVaSlavophia ine hanya neramangwana. Wokutanga, achiyemura zviito zvaPetro 1, aitarisira kuve nekuvandudzwa kwenyika yeRussia pamuenzaniso weEurope. Basa guru rezviremera uye sangano, mumaonero avo, nderokuona nyika iri ikozvino yakagadzirira mararamiro ehupenyu hwehupfumi nehupfumi hwakasiyana nemasimba eWest Europe. Kuti zvizadzike zvinangwa izvi, zvakanga zvakakodzera kubvisa sarf system, kubvisa mitemo yepamutemo, kupa rusununguko rwakawanda rwekutengeserana, kurongedza hurumende yega yega uye kutonga demokrasi kutonga.

VaSlavophil vakashora Petro pamusoro pemhirizhonga uye kukakavadzana kwaakaunza muhupenyu hwevanhu. Kugadzirisa matambudziko ehupfumi uye kubvisa masangano ehurumende vakaona mukugadzwa kwehurumende yehurumende. Kuti vashandise pfungwa dzavo, maSlavophia vakanga vakagadzirira kuenda kuchinangwa. Vachivimba nepfungwa yekuparadzanisa kwakasiyana pakati peRussia neEurope, vakatsoropodza weWestern selfistic principle, vachiisa tariro yakareba pamusoro pokugadzwa kwemitemo yemunharaunda yehupenyu hwevanhu veRussia.

Chimiro cheOrthodoxy, vaSlavophi vakatsoropodza Chipurotesitendi neKaturike. Vakatenda kuti basa reRussia nderokuvaka hupenyu hwavo pamitemo yevaKristu vechokwadi uye kuunza mazano ekutanga ekuve kwavo kune vatendi venyika yose. Nyika yacho inofanira kuvhura vanhu vose nzira inoenda kubatana kwechokwadi neukama-hukama, kana, saKomyakov yakati: "Rusununguko muhumwe kuburikidza nokutenda kweOrthodox."

Maslavophiles neWesterners - zvave zvichibuda mucheferi munguva yechinetso, izvi zviitiko zviviri zvakaratidza chishuvo chezvikamu zvakasarudzwa zvevanhu kuti zvive nemafungiro akazara ekushandurwa kwehurumende yeRussia.