Garden Ring, Moscow: nhoroondo uye mapikicha

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhoroondo Moscow kwakaita Garden Ring inotanga kubva XIX remakore. Zvadaro mugomba ucherwe guta rekare, yakasvikondinaya uye rakaparadzwa pasi rusvingo. Panzvimbo ino akatanga kuonekwa pamba nemapindu uye nemapindu pamberi, akaumba mumigwagwa, dzakanga riri denderedzwa guru.

hari guta

Muna 1591 varayirwa Boris Godunov akatanga Zvakafukunurwa akapoteredza Moscow. Mugore, akanga achidzinga kumusoro kumakomo, uye pamusoro payo yakavakwa womuouki rusvingo, rinokwira vanenge 5 mamita. Panga vanenge matsi zana mbudo 34 shongwe. Uyezve, pamwe nomubato Kurutivi rwokunze rakacherwa mugomba, vakazochinja ikazadzwa nemvura. Kudiwa masvingo zvakadaro guta akamuka Moscow atambura kunoparadza vachirwisa nemauto pamusoro Khan Kazi Giray.

Residents vaimudana ichi chivako Skorodomom, mukuru zita - hari guta. Just akasvika pakunzi, uye nharaunda pakati White City nomubato uye Moscow River. Pano akararama zviduku vatengesi, nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vanhuwo zvavo. Asi Zamoskvorechye akanga makawanda uta. Ndokusaka nzvimbo iyi ichiri kunzi Musketeers District.

Yokutambudzika (1598-1613) pomuouki masvingo neshongwe mapedza, asi mugomba raiva. isu Gare gare pariri akaisa rusvingo kuti pamusoro Vakarodza guru matanda.

upenyu The wechipiri parusvingo

Pakupera ari XVII remakore, ichi nhare akarasikirwa chinangwa chacho chepakutanga. Rakanga ikava mhando netsika muganhu weguta mutsetse. Kubva kumativi akasiyana pamberi pomukova kuMoscow zvichiitika pamisika. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo vaiva Smolensk uye Sukharevsky.

At pakuguma XVIII remakore nomubato, uye nawo dzavarwi, zvishoma kuparadzwa, uye panzvimbo yavo vakaumba ndima uye nharaunda yose. Muna 1812, zvose zvivako zvakanga nedivi masvingo aro, vakaparadzwa nemoto.

inotungamirwa

Muna 1816 kwakasarudzwa kuti vaparadze zvasara parusvingo, uye haruna kukoromoka uye beneaped mugomba kuchera. Musi Commission chivakwa muMoscow panzvimbo yakaronga kwezvisikwa yakafarikana dzeraundi mumugwagwa, riitike pamwe cobblestones. Under nzira nzira uye akatora chete 25 M kure pakati misara miviri yaiva dzimba mari ipapo 60 m. Panguva homeowners yasara nzvimbo aifanira kuputsa Palisades panguva nokungwara yavo. Saka akatanga kuumba Garden mhete (Moscow).

Nechekare kubudikidza 1830, basa rakanga kushanda rakatangwa. Pasina pamberi mapindu vaiva nzvimbo chete vashoma riri Zamoskvorechye, uye nharaunda. Smolensk uye Zubovskiy miti ikava boulevards uye Novinsky - mune nzvimbo kungoitwa mitambo, saka akaramba kusvikira 1877.

Garden mhete (Moscow) zvishoma yakatanga. Muna 70-ies ari XIX remakore paiva nematombo nzira trams, achifamba bhiza traction. mhando iyi pakufamba rinonzi Conca. Muna 1912 nayo chikatsiviwa yakawanda ano. Zvave trams pamusoro magetsi. The nzira iyo vakaenda, akanga pamutemo rinonzi "B", uye vanhu vakauti "tsikidzi".

Pakutanga XX remakore

Pakutanga kwezana remakore ari Garden Ring (Moscow) kwakasimbiswa kuzviita. Apo kwete kare kwaiva yakaderera-simuka zvivakwa, paiva haana administrative uye vezvokutengeserana asiwo dzinogarwa mukuru-vosimba muzvivako chete.

Sezvaunoziva, pakutanga izvi remakore, hazvina akanyarara. Muna 1905, panguva chimurenga, napamatare uye migwagwa zviri chikamu Garden Ring, zvave rinorema kurwa. Kumadokero Chikamu zvikuru gobvu rakanga yakazara kwezvinovharidzira, akanga achida kudzivirira maruwa vashandi '. Kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda Kusanzwisisana pakati vehurumende echimurenga mapoka kwakaitika musi Kudrinskaia, Crimean uye Zubovskaya nharaunda.

Pashure October Revolution pamusoro 1917 ari kare akavaka dzimba dzokugara dzakanga expropriated kubva pavanatenzi vavo, anopa vashandi. Mukuwedzera, kuvakwa paruzhinji uye dzinogarwa zvivako zvitsva, uye Smolensk uye Sukharevsky misika nokukurumidza kuvharwa.

zvimwe transformations

Mumakore 30 takatanga kushandisa zano rokuvakazve guru, panguva iyo yakanga yakavharwa uye Garden Ring. Moscow yaro chitarisiko achinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Cobblestone mugwagwa akanga akafukidzwa Asphalt. Also akawedzera zvikuru mugwagwa nokuda kuparadza mberi mapindu uye trams kukunaya pamusoro nzira "B", vakanga yakatsiviwa trolleybuses itsva. Kunyange zvakadaro, motokari zvizere rakarongwa chete muna 1963. Mhiri Moscow River akavaka mabhiriji maviri: Krasnokholmsky uye Crimea.

Apo Mukuru Patriotic War, muBindu Ring munzvimbo yakanga yanyatsosimba anodzivirira hurongwa. Uye pakati muzhizha ra1944, pashure pokukundwa weuto reSoviet yeNazi mauto Belarus, nokuti yaiva oparesheni akabatwa panguva hondo hondo.

Pashure pehondo, chinzvimbo rokuvakazve guru mberi. Kuwanda zvivako zvakadaro, kuti kushandurwa, uye yaisanganisira Garden mhete. Moscow, iyo Photo akapona kubva nguva idzodzo, zvishoma nezvishoma awana mamwe ano Kutarira. Sezvo 1948 uye akatevera 6 makore munzvimbo yacho Garden Ring yakavakwa vatatu nomwe vakakurumbira Stalin skyscraper.

Munguva 50s rwakagadzirira Ring pevhu mutsetse, inova kumaodzanyemba chikamu "Park Kultury" yemapurisa uye kuti "Kursk" akanga apfuura pasi payo. Munyaya inotevera gumi, isu vakaramba vakiridza muBindu Ring. Vamwe mumigwagwa yayo vari kunyanya kuwedzerwa uye kukava nzira ano vane subways, flyovers, interchanges uye tunnels. Pakati pezana remakore 90s pairi akarambidza kwemutemo inorema mumarori.

ukoshi

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mugwagwa junctions muguta. Length Garden mhete muMoscow -. Circular chokufambisa mutsetse runopoterera nechepakati chikamu guru riri 15.6? Km uye wakafara makubhiti 60-70 m, ndicho womukati nhatu huripo mugwagwa Nzira dzaifamba, uye kunze mukuru. Garden mhete kwakasiyana zvakanyanyisa kuzara, saka pane kazhinji makiromita akawanda kuumbwa chubhu. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, zvichiri kufanira kuita mabasa aro.

nharaunda

The Kuronga Garden Ring inoumbwa 18 dzinoungana: Triumph, Gravity, Small uye Big Sukharevskaya, Lermontov, Gate Red, Ground mugodhi, Caesar Kunikova, Kursk kuchiteshi, Taganskaya Paveletskaya, Serpukhov, Kaluga, Crimean, Zubovskaya, Smolenskaya-Hay, Smolensk uye Kudrinskaya . Vamwe vari makuru, vamwe zvishoma kukosha uye zvishoma zvinozivikanwa kusvikira Muscovites.

Kazhinji, nyaya Garden Ring inotanga kubva Triumfalnaya Square. Uye ichi ndicho hapana tsaona. Kamwe nechepakati dzokuzvinatsa masuo Moscow sehofisi vemazuva Triumph Square, iyo vakagamuchira zita iri muna 1992. Kare, iye ainzi pashure V. V. Mayakovskogo.

Chokutanga, panzvimbo ino, suwo Tver, paiva yokugara yevhu guta nokururamisira yakakura. Pakazosvika XVII remakore nzvimbo akava musika, uye ipapo akazviratidza yokutanga kwokukunda chematenga, chakavakwa kubva huni. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nzvimbo yakanga yakavakwa dzimba, uye pane ikozvino munda "Aquarium", kare dzichengeterwe mudhamu uye minda enzvimbo yacho Novodevichy wemamonk.

The ano chimiro pachivara waiva 30s, apo pachivara richivezwa pasi, uye nzvimbo yakafukidzwa Asphalt. Kamwe pano, shongwe pakati V. V. Mayakovskomu, zvava yakakurumbira vakatozodzokera dzakasiyana-siyana nhetembo kuverengwa.

Chinonyanya "chisingaoneki" uye vaiona kuti nzvimbo yacho Crimean Caesar Kunikova. Wechipiri ainzi pashure gamba Soviet Union, muchirongwa Second World War. On nzvimbo iyi hakuna imba chete, sezvo vose chokuita akapoteredza mumigwagwa. About chete Kunikova anoyeuka chete Dombo.

migwagwa

Kuwedzera nzvimbo Garden Ring uye yaisanganisira migwagwa yakawanda. The chakarebesa vavo - Ground mugodhi. Kureba -. 2000 M Muna 1938, yakanga zita rokuti Chkalovsk, sezvo pane kamwe akararama akakurumbira Soviet mutyairi wendege VP Chkalov. Zita yekare dzomumusha yakadzoserwa chete muna 1990. Uyezve, inobatanidzwa inozivikanwa mazita vanhu vaigara uye vaishanda pano panguva dzakasiyana zhinji. Somuenzaniso, munyori S. Ya. Marshak, ndege VM Petlyakov, Academician A. D. Saharov, painter K. F. Yuon, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Kufanana Square, mumigwagwa Garden Ring (Moscow) vane nhoroondo yavo. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo guta rine kare. Sadovaya-Karetnaya vaiona pfupi, nekuti vamwe kureba kwarwo chete 406 m. It akazviratidza pakutanga ari XIX remakore. zita rayo kaviri chokuita kamwe kukura pano mapindu uye mugwagwa pedyo, akadana Four-vhiri dzakatevedzana. Inenge dzimba dzose zvivako vekare vakanga yakaparadzwa muna 70s remakore rapfuura.

apo kugara

Zvinenge karwendo ose muguta guru, kana zvimwe kukanganisa Garden mhete. Uye pano chinhu kuona. Nenzira, mabasa zvakabayirwa vashanyi hotera "Garden Ring" (Moscow). Its kuvaka riri mharadzano zita iwoyu chokufambisa mutsetse uye Prospekt Mira, ari Downtown nzvimbo. Kwete kure nayo ndiyo Red Square, yemitambo kunzwisisa "Olympic", iro Botanical Garden uye Institute. N. V. Sklifosovskogo. "Garden Ring" - hotera (Moscow), iro rakanakira zvose revashanyi vemabhizimisi vanhu.