Gorbanevskaya Natalia: "To kunyadziswa pamberi vana"

Gorbanevskaya Natalia vakashaya pakarepo - November 30, 2013. mariro kwake Paris ndaitora akawandisa vanhu, kusanganisira vamiririri dzakawanda dzokuEurope. hurumende chete yeRussia haina hunomiririrwa munhu.

Natalia Gorbanevskaya: Biography acho heroine

Muna December 1969, kusungwa Natali Gorbanevskoy, akaberekwa muna 1936. mudetembi matarenda Natalia Gorbanevskaya muna 1963 akapedza kudzidza philological rorusununguko Leningrad State University. Iye ubatanidzwe ane agere kuratidzwa musi Red Square August 25, 1968 pamusoro nechisimba kuCzechoslovakia, munyori "Zvemasikati" mabhuku, iro chokwadi pamusoro chiito ichi. Natalia - nhengo kutanga boka kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu muSoviet Union. Iye mumwe havaoni uye mupepeti "renhoroondo Current Events", mai nevana vaviri vokutanga.

Scrapped nhetembo

Aiva nemakore 17 panguva Stalin akafira March 1956. Pashure XX Congress of Communist Party, rakanga debunked kunamatwa Iosifa Vissarionovicha, Natalia aitarisira kuchinja. Asi havana vakatevera, asi akasunungurwa vakawanda vasungwa. Zvino raiva kudzvinyirira ari Hungarian yechimurenga 1956, uye zvakava pachena kuti kare hapana zvichachinja. Vamwe pemitsara, zvakanyorwa nokuda Natalia Gorbanevskaya, nhetembo vakazvitsaurira kuna Hungary, vakanga pasina ichibudiswa:

Chizhi nziyo mambakwedza.

Asi nei namazizi vanobhururuka murima,

Akavhura mapapiro mediocrity?

Ah, chiedza ichi wenhamo kubva fluorescent marambi!

Zuva mumwe kuvigwa.

Zvakatanga pamwe samizdat

Muna 1955 Natalia Gorbanevskaya yaiva vadetembi Leonid Chertnova, Stanislav uye Valentina Krasovitskogo Khromov. Navo zvaibvira kuitisa pachena uye vakasununguka kukurukurirana. Uye Natalia apinda wokufananidzira mamiriro, pandakatanga kunyora pacharo uye tinobereka samizdat. Yetapureta vaive muzvikamu, saka zvose nemaoko. Natalia akagamuchira tapureta kubva amai, aigona kunyora kuti dhigirii.

Patakasvika rimwe zuva kushanya kuna Anne Andreevne Ahmatovoy, Gorbanevskaya Natalia paruoko vaikopera nhetembo "Requiem" (zvakachengetedzwa "Chirangaridzo" akaramba yepakutanga reShanduro detembo iri samizdat rakadhindwa N. Gorbanevskaya), ipapo munhu ikazobudiswazve nawo makopi anoverengeka uye vakapa vanhu. Kuparadzirwa aine chikumbiro kudzoka kwete chete mumwe wawo. Asiwo kuti mumwe nomumwe. A vakagovera makopi anopfuura zana ....

"Zvemasikati"

Muna August 1968, chikumbiro chakaitwa Czechoslovak Republic pamusoro zvashata rubatsiro, kusanganisira rubatsiro zvechiuto, tichifunga kutyisidzira mugovanisi hurongwa huripo munyika.

Chinonyanya yairwirwa zviito pamusoro utsinye of Czechoslovakia, waiva chokupika Natalia Gorbanevskaya. Waiva vanogara-pasi kuratidzira pamwe mireza uye mireza. Pazuva iroro, pane chiratidzo Natalia aiva nemwanakomana wake-mwedzi 3-kare, Joseph.

Kumba Gorbanevskaya Natalya akarara pasi pomubhedha samizdat. First bata furati wake akabata pakarepo pashure muenzaniso uye vakabvuta yose rwemhuri samizdat. A yechipiri kutsvaka chaiitirwa pazuva rake kuenda kuna Pavel Litvinov uye Larisa muna Usugli Bogoras muna Chuny. Vanhu vakatakura akabudisa kundotsvaka Natalia, zvakarurama aidavira kuti shamwari rombo yawana panguva ino samizdat. Kubva netsamba kwazvo Natalia: "Ndaiva hombe mukwende uye bhegi. Uye rinenge rose kuzviremekedza kutsikisa, I wakapetwa muhomwe, uye akaisa zvishoma mukwende. Vakati vasvika kwandiri kunzvera, wokutanga vakanzvera mukwende, uye akasarudza kundotarira pasofa. Ndakaisa bhegi pasi. Mubhedha havana kuwana chinhu, saka akatamira yakafarikana, apo amai vangu vaigara nevana. Vanya Alekseeva, uyo akanga ari kutsvaka yangu, akaisa bhegi shure pamubhedha uye ndokumutsvoda dzimwe nguvo. Nekuvongwa wake ichi bhegi yose samizdat vakapona. "

December 25, 1969 yaiva kusungwa Natali Gorbanevskoy. Pfungwa huru kupomerwa yakanga "akanyorwa mubhuku" Zvemasikati "uye" enderana kuchinja nyaya "Chronicle kuti Current Events". It akagamuchira mamiriro "ratyama" uye wakatumwa kuti zvairayirwa kurapwa.

Muna 1972 kuenda kumwe kune Soviet Union chipatapata, asi akavasunungurira Gorbanevskaya Natalia anosarudza haana kuenda chero kupi zvako kubva USSR. "Handina kuenda kuenda kumwe. I chaizova kunyarara, kudzikama uye kuita chaizvo pachivande zvandinokwanisa. "

Muna 1974 iye akatambura nezvokubvuta, uye ipapo makatodzinga Solzhenitsyn. Natalia Gorbanevskaya: "Pashure pandakasungwa ndakanga mufurati Solzhenitsyn raMwari, kufanana Andrey Dmitrievich Saharov. The mufurati aiva vazhinji. Ipapo Andrei akafonera akati vamwe rugwaro, uye tose vaivapo mudenderedzwa, sezvinonzi chinyorwa yakanga yakasainwa. Saka kekutanga Ndakataura pachena. Akazobvunzwa I akasaina tsamba mukutsigira Leonid Plyushch, akanga ari spetslechenie muna Dnepropetrovsk. Handina kukwanisa kusaina tsamba kuti, nekuti aiitirwa zvikuru kupfuura ini muna Kazan. Takabva taziva kana ini kusaina chinhu chechitatu, handina kubuda kuti. "

"Kuti kunyadziswa pamberi pavana vavo ..."

Pakupera kwa1975 Gorbanevskaya Natalia pamwe nevanakomana vake vaviri vakabva Soviet Union uye vachienda France.

Panguva pakubvunzurudzwa, iri dzendege akambobvunza Natalie nei muchirongwa kuratidzira, uye akapiwa mhinduro: "Kuna pamberi vana havana kunyara. Handisi kuti munhu wose aifanira kuita izvozvo, asi nokunyara ichi ndaikwanisa kubata saka chete. "