How mhando dzakawanda Pasi pamwe nesu

All upenyu panyika Zvinoshamisa ayo kusiyana. Kubva pakutanga-tanga, vanhu yave kudzidza, kuedza kuronga uye nhamba kwemarudzi panyika. Asi kunyange nhasi, pasinei pfupi yakakwirira mwero Makuriro zvipenyu, hapana musayendisiti haagoni zvakarurama kupindura mubvunzo, sei mhando dzakawanda dzemhuka panyika coexists nesu.

General pfungwa

Achinyepera zvipenyu zvaireva boka zvipenyu zviri zvakafanana dzimwe nzira uye vanokwanisa mhuka dzirambe dzichiberekana nokuberekwa yakaorera vana.

Dzekuziva marudzi zvakawanzwa;

• morphological (kwokunze uye munyika marongerwo);
• majini (genomic mamiriro);
• Nemakemikari omuviri (zvakafanana Exchange pezvakaitwa);
• sesaline (zvakafanana pezvakaitwa zvinokosha);
• Geographical (dzinogarisana);
• kwezvakatipoteredza (ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche).

Uye unogona kuwedzera Donongodzo iyi. Kuti tizive chimiro uye kuzviisa pasi nayo kupatsanura hurongwa zvinokosha kuitisa nokururamisira painstaking kuongorora.

Animals uye miti

Oddly zvakakwana, kunyange tsanangudzo ane muviri kuva imwe taxon kungaita matambudziko. On zvinhu zvipenyu nhasi vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti mhuka - ndivo zvipenyu kushandisa upenyu makagadzirira akagadzirwa Organic zvinhu, uye kukwanisa synthesize kubva inorganic. Anodyara pachavo synthesize makemikari nyaya dzavo pezvakaitwa upenyu. Zvakare, izvi kutsarukana chaizvo.

Kushanduka kunzwisisa

Nhamba kwemarudzi zvemhuka uye zvinomera panyika iripo mune nguva, zviri matambudziko tichifunga shanduka ose wechipiri. Mumwe mhando aimbova ikoko, vachibudirira kana kuderera, kunyangarika kana ichishanduka.

Vamwe zvipenyu kumbotipa Data kuti awa rimwe panyika zvachose akanyangarika marudzi matatu zvipenyu, ukuwo, zuva zvichapfuura vanenge 72 marudzi. About vangani mhando ikoko anogona kutongwa kubva chokwadi kuti wegore kupatsanura uye taxonomy vaisanganisa nezviuru itsva kwemarudzi kurondedzerwa. Zvinokosha kuti anenge ose hove achibatsirwa yakadzika-gungwa tsvakurudzo trawling midziyo kunounza vamiririri yomugungwa masayendisiti, kwete kare anotsanangurwa marudzi.

Paleontological date

Vangani howa kuripo Panyika? Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira kuti paleontologists, zviri 2-3% of nhamba, zvakaiswa pamusoro nyika kubva pakuvapo upenyu. Kutsakatika - inowanzotorwa shanduka kwacho kwakafanana ari kubuda idzva kwemarudzi. Saka mhinduro kumubvunzo kwemarudzi vangani vakasiya munyika, zvinoda kutsunga nguva puranga. Natural kusarudzwa muna kurwira kuvapo haina akadzima.

Somuenzaniso, pane uchapupu hwokuti kubvira 1600 kusvika 1969 pamwe penyika akanyangarika 38 mhando mhuka uye 94 kirasi shiri marudzi kirasi.

Yakatotsakatika kana kuti kwete?

Pane kudaro dzakawanda basa nekuda kuchengetedza kwemarudzi (IUCN), maererano iyo 801 marudzi mhuka anorondedzerwa pamutemo, anyangarika pamberi Pasi mumakore 500 apfuura. Dzimwe nguva mhando akataura yakatotsakatika, anoenderera mberi kuvapo kwayo.

Mune 20s ari rapfuura remakore, zvakaitika kuna kuchamhembe nzou chisimbiso. Mhando akanzi yakatotsakatika sezvo pamusana utsinye kuparadzwa murume. Zvisinei, Lost Group of nzou kumucheto Mexico, pachitsuwa chiduku Guadalupe, akaita akakwanisa kupukunyuka, uye chinoshamisa pamusoro hurongwa evanhu 100 mhando iyi guru mhuka akakwanisa kusimbazve simba raro. Nhasi mhando haisi mungozi kutsakatika.

Ko kukutyisa Kutsakatika

Sei kunyangarika shavishavi chete shanduka upenyu panyika, kunyange vana vazive. Munhu wose akatarisa eponymous Hollywood blockbuster. Firimu rine chokuita chaizvo. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu kumbotipa muenzaniso sei kuchinja rudzi mu mararamiro ari Amazon floodplain, zvichitungamirira zvikuru nemigumisiro. Kusvika pakakwirira kuchinja. Zvokuti upenyu mumwe shavishavi shoma zvakasikwa, apo zvose zvakabatana wakaisvonaka shinda, kubatana, sezvinotaurwa kukosha sezvo kuvapo vanhu vose.

Asi, vangani mhuka zvipenyu Panyika?

Chero zvakanga, vachiedza kuona kuwanda kwemarudzi yatorwa. Recent basa nesayenzi mumayunivhesiti muCanada uye Hawaii kutungamira mufananidzo mamiriyoni 8.7 - ndicho vangani zvipenyu pane paNyika nhasi. Uye 80% kuti mufananidzo uyu - a rudzi asati anotsanangurwa nesayenzi yemazuva ano. Issues vasiri nyanzvi panyaya haidereri kupfuura taxonomists ounyanzvi.

Mamwe mashoko anoratidza kuvapo kwemarudzi mamiriyoni 150 kudzidza izvo 1.5 chete mamiriyoni.

Sei kuverenga?

Achiziva mhando dzemhuka paNyika vangani, maererano zvipenyu, harisi chete yokungotaura kufarira. The hunoshanda kukosha ruzivo yakadaro kuchaita zvipenyu kuverenga chii Nokurasikirwa kuitika apo pfungwa haizogadzirisiki, pfungwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza njodzi pamusoro yemapuraneti pamwero. Masvomhu vakadaro vane unyanzvi hwavo uye zvinogona kubatsira kuva nzira kuchengetedza kutsiga mararamiro kuti kuona ariko upenyu panyika.

mashoko chaiwo pamusoro uwandu kwemarudzi kusiyana munyika hadzizombozvizivi. Ndiro for kuti zvinhu zvipenyu. Tichava zvokufungidzira plus kubvisa miriyoni. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti pave vanhu Zvinhu Zvisina kufunganya. The fragility yepasi kuti mararamiro, kukosha nerimwe, kunyange nhengo duku iri biosphere - kukosha kwazvo, chipo zvakasikwa.