Lake Athabasca: tsanangudzo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, matambudziko ikoroji

Lake Athabasca iri munharaunda Canadian maviri enyika: kuchamhembe Alberta uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero Saskatchewan, pamusoro kumucheto Precambrian Shield. With anoyevedza nzvimbo (7935 sq. Km) uye kureba nemhenderekedzo muna 2140 km ndicho worusere pakukura Canada.

General ruzivo pamusoro Lake

Lake ndohwaJehovha mapurovhinzi maviri uye ndiye pakukura uye Saskatchewan, Alberta (Canada), inoti vanenge 70% of nzvimbo mvura pamusoro. It riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 213 M pamusoro pegungwa, avhareji udzamu ndiyo 20 m, kunonyanyisa -. 124 M refu dziva ruoko 283 km kufadza upamhi ndiyo 50 km. Uchisimbisa Lake Athabasca uye Peace River. Mvura inoyerera pamusoro Muranda River uye Mackenzie mu kweArctic Ocean.

Mabviro Lake Athabasca bheseni rinorondedzerwa so glacial-tectonic. It akasimuka somugumisiro kubudiswa tectonic dzegirini panyika nechepasi rechando. Pamwe nemamwe mikuru madhamu of Canada (Nevolnicheskoe Large uye Bear), Athabasca ndiye vakasara yakakura glacial dziva McConnell.

Nhoroondo kwegungwa

Lake Athabasca Name rinobva pashoko athapiscow mutauro Cree (dzinza kuNorth America). izwi iri vari akasarudzwa rakavhurika mvura nharaunda (anezvimiti, nyanza, etc.), maererano izvo mabhanga vakakura the willow, uswa uye tsanga. Pamwe chete nemamwe madzinza, akadai Beaver uye Chipeyan, Cree ndiye wokutanga rinogarwa nyika ino kwemakore anopfuura 2000 adarika.

Pakutanga zita iri rakaiswa chete chokuita Athabasca River Delta kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero pakona rwegungwa. Muna 1791, cartographer kambani "Hudson Bay" Philip Ternor mune imwe yemagazini ake akanyora rinonzi "Atapison". Pamberi pake, Peter Fiedler muna 1790 anosarudzwa sezvamakaudzwa "Arabuska Great". Pakazosvika 1801, pakanga zvakawanda kana zvishoma akajairika chiperengo iri pedyo ano - Lake Athabascan. Yakanga chete muna 1820-M Dzhordzh Simpson akadana rwizi uye dziva "Athabasca".

Mvura kwavari chinhu chinokosha nokuda mbava kutengeserana. Mumwe mukuru European kugarwa pamahombekombe (ari munharaunda Alberta) - iri Fort Chipewyan, yakavambwa muna 1788 na Peter Pond ari gadziriro yacho North West Company. Settlement ainzi kuremekedza kurarama munzvimbo veko Chipeyan.

Nemiti uye fauna of kwegungwa

Dziva chikamu Peace-Athabasca Delta - pakugadzira siyana Wetland, yaiva kumadokero kwayo. Delta chinokosha chinhu pamusoro kutama uye nesting nzvimbo eshiri sezvo achinaya mvura nejichidza, sandhill kondo, uyewo duck zhinji uye shiri dzakadaro. Uyezve, vanenge 80% yendima ndohwaJehovha National Park Wood Buffalo (UNESCO World Heritage Site), riri kumusha kupfuura boka yomusango bison.

Kubvira muna 1926, zvakanga akaronga hove Mudziva Athabasca. The hove ine kunonyanya kubva mugungwa Rainbow, walleye uye kuchamhembe Pike. Kunze kwavari pane mhuka dzakadai grayling, knot, burbot, neArctic kwaIsakari. Muna 1961, achibatsirwa hombe gillnet vehove akakwanisa kubata Rainbow kubva zvinyorwa yakakwirira uremu - 46,3 makirogiramu.

zvinetso zvemhoteredzo

Lake Athabasca akapfuma deposits pamusoro zviwanikwa. Vanhu havafaniri kuona kuti. Somugumisiro, kunyange regumi namapfumbamwe remakore munzvimbo idzi vakatanga kushingaira remigodhi uranium exchange nendarama. Kusvika panguva mudziva vashandi vazhinji nemhuri dzavo, pachishandiswa ayo Mahombekombe musha uranium exchange City. Wokupedzisira yangu yakavharwa muna 1980, matambudziko migodhi kwacho vari zvikuru yakasviba kuchamhembe pamhenderekedzo mudhamu. Zvinhu akanga zvinowedzerwa minda dzakawanda mafuta guru munharaunda. Gold mumigodhi kushanda mudziva panguva ino.

Muna October 2013 mumwe yakadhirika mumigodhi yemarasha uye anopfuura bhiriyoni 600 litres madhaka ndokuwira Plant uye Aletovun-zvikova. Plume zvinosvibisa murwizi uye akabatana Athabasca, vakananga nomurwizi. Pasina mwedzi, asvika pegungwa, uye wakateura vanopfuura 500 km.

The nharaunda umo Lake Athabasca, pedyo chaizvo sand mafuta. Izvi zvino kunetseka dzezvakatipoteredza zvikuru. Up kusvikira 1997, matambudziko mugodhi uri hwemvura mararamiro havasi kuongororwa, uye vachiongorora kubudirira parizvino anoisa mubvunzo guru, nokuti inotsigirwa Makambani mafuta.

Pasinei nezvimwe zvinetso umbowo kuunganidza, achangobuda zvidzidzo zvipenyu dzakaratidza zvakananga ukama pakati zvakawedzera kusvibiswa kwegungwa uye mafuta sand. Akaratidza kuwedzera uwandu polycyclic zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon ari pedyo mumunda mudziva zvinhu zvipenyu. Izvi zvinomutsa zvinokunetsa, sezvo nefuma kwenguva refu kuramba zvakatipoteredza uye regai anoora.

jecha Dunes

Chimwe yakasiyana chepfungwa madhamu vari kutamira jecha Dunes, riri pedo kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu. Muna 1992, ichi kunoshamisa dzinongoitika mararamiro wabatwa pasi kudzivirira ehurumende. Takarongwa Park Athabasca Sand Dunes. It riri muna Province of Saskatchewan (Canada). The paka Anotambanudza? Km 100 pamwe kumaodzanyemba kumucheto kwegungwa. Sand Dunes vane kureba kubva 400 kusvika 1500 M uye kukwirira vanenge 30 m. Kuti vasvike kunzvimbo ino chete pamusoro mvura pechiso rwegungwa.