Ob rwizi rwakatanga? Apo rwizi mainozonodira Ob?

Ob River rinobva kubva confluence kwegomo Hova Biya uye Katun, pedyo kumaodzanyemba nomuganhu kumatunhu Russia, pedyo nomusha Fominskoe - sabhabha Biysk Altai Territory. Ndicho tsinga of Western kweSiberia uye anotakura mvura nyika yakadai Russia.

Ob rwizi

Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu kondinendi Asian, muna Altai Territory, pedyo nomuganhu yaiona pamwe Republic of Altai, pane nzizi mbiri gomo, kunaka - Katun uye Biya. Vanopa pave kurwizi rukuru muchifashukira haana kugadzirisa kusvikira ikozvino kunzi Ob. Sezvo mumwe zvekungofungira pamusoro nzvimbo mazita nenzvimbo zita inobatanidzwa shoko "zvose".

Ob rwizi rwakatanga? Iyi nzvimbo Kunoonekwa pamepu sezvo rwokumusoro Latitude uye 52,5 madhigirii kumabvazuva Longitude 85 inegumi. Ob runoyerera mhiri kumatunhu mashanu, ichiyambuka West Siberian Plain kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kusvikira kuchamhembe. Estuary tenda Ob Bay 8 thous Km -. Ndiro Gulf of Sea Kara. A nzvimbo rwizi mainozonodira Ob, riri mhiri peArctic Circle. Zvinonzi munyaya Coordonatele 66,5 madhigirii rwokumusoro Latitude uye 69 madhigirii kumabvazuva Longitude.

By nzvimbo muromo hapana kusawirirana. All pachena apo rwizi runoyerera. Obi rwunoverengerwa pamwe mashoko akasiyana-siyana kureba kwayo. Mamwe masayendisiti pfupisa chaiwo pakureba murwizi chete paurefu rworuboshwe mutero kuna Irtysh kwayo. Zvakaratidza zvikuru anoyevedza kure - 5140? Km. Vamwe vanopa refu Obi yakaoneka kubva yakatangira sechinhu zvikuru refu Katun rwizi (688 km) pane Biya (301 km), uye wana yakasiyana ukoshi. Asi hatigoni kuderedza kukosha kuzvimirira uye nemamwe waterways of nyika - nyika Irtysh uye Katun. Uyewo, Irtysh kworutivi ndohwavo Kazakhstan. Yakarurama Kureba norwizi ichakurukurwa akaenzana 3650? Km - kubva confluence of Biya uye Katun pamwe kusvikira Gulf Ob, apo rwizi mainozonodira Ob. The State mvura remazita vanopiwa chete mashoko. Pane akatiwo tsanangudzo nzvimbo apo rwizi mainozonodira Ob: Ob Bay eGungwa Kara, vachipinda peArctic Ocean bheseni.

hydrological utongi

Saka chaiko kureba - 3,650? Km. On parameter ichi pakati penzizi Russian Ob wechipiri, wechipiri chete Lena.

Area Ob Watershed - anenge mamiriyoni 3 mativi mamita. ? km. Nenyika iri rakanaka, unova wokutanga ukoshi pakati penzizi Russian, akaumba guru yakawanda pamusoro mvura eko. Nokuti Gulf Ob, iyo inoyerera kupinda Ob, rinosvika 357 cubic metres. ? km kubva rwizi mvura.

Paavhareji kunwa wegore wakaiswa-refu zvaanorumbidza iri gauging nhepfenyuro: 1470 - muguta Barnaul (rokumusoro), 12 300 - muna Salekhard, iri pedyo Gulf Ob, apo rwizi mainozonodira Ob (Water vhoriyamu mu cubic m / s.). Kunonyanyisa kuyerera mvura zhinji (panguva mafashamo), vakanyorwa iri gauging pazviteshi, anenge: (. Cubic metres / chik) Barnaul - - 9690, Salekhard 42.800.

Vanopfuura 161 zviuru dzemvura, duku, svikiro uye nzizi huru kutakura mvura yavo Ob. The zvachose pakureba rechibharo -. 740 thous Km. Vazhinji vavo (94%) - nzizi diki (urefu asina kupfuura 10 km). inflows makuru anopfuura 1000 km: Irtysh, Vasyugan uye Big Yugan - dzinomhanya kubva kurutivi rworuboshwe; Kết uye Chulym - zvakanaka bhengi.

Kudzika Ob - kubva 2-6 metres pakutanga, muna Biysk, kusvikira 25 M muNovosibirsk (pedyo HPP), ipfupi kusvika 8 M pedyo muromo Tom uye kuwedzera zvakare kusvika 15 M chokumusoro kunosvika of Gulf Ob, apo rwizi runoyerera . Ob nzvimbo inozivikanwa zvarakasiya duku kubva 4,5 masendimita pakutanga kusvika 1.5 masendimita (pa 1 km urefu) ari nomurwizi chokubuda. The yakafara dzinosiyana mafashamo. Zviri 5 km kure pakutanga uye 50 km munzvimbo muGulf of Ob, apo rwizi runoyerera. Obi yokusafa zviri pamapani rwizi teura chitubu nenzizi uye kwematsutso nenzizi.

upfumi kukosha

Munguva yakaoma kuwana nokuda wetlands of West Siberian Plain, Ob kubva 1844 rinoshandiswa kutakurirwa zvinangwa. Navigation rinovapo kusvika mazuva 190 pagore. In Novosibirsk muna 1961 muhombodo kushanda hydropower chiteshi - chikuru nokutengesa simba kuna VOKUPARIDZIRA uye emakambani ari Siberian Federal District. A kufarira kuzororo reNovosibirsk - mahombekombe Dam kuumbwa panguva erection Hydroelectric madhamu. Kubva anogadzirwa mvura dzokubudisa kuti kunwa, mhuri uye maindasitiri emakambani ari Novosibirsk agglomeration. The rwizi rinoshandiswa kuti hove - nayo kurarama zvinokosha mhando Sturgeon, whitefish uye vanhuwo hove. In Ob resets neutralized uye Yakanatswa mumaindasitiri wastewater matunhu neminisiparati zvirimwa. Muna Altai nharaunda rwizi mvura unodiridzwa munda, kuita pamusoro kwavari Kulunda kudiridza hurongwa.

City musi Ob

Sezvo makarekare vanhu vakagara pamwe menzizi. Hadzigari parutivi uye Mother Ob - parutivi wake munzvimbo dzakawanda. Tinoti pakukura tichitarisa vemo. Pakutanga murwizi pamire Biysk, yakavambwa muna 1709, pamwe 200 zviuru. Man kwevanhu. Next - Barnaul, Altai Territory Center, yakavambwa muna 1730, vagari - vanopfuura zviuru 600 vanhu .. Novosibirsk - chikuru guta SFO, rakaumbwa muna 1893, zviri igarwe vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,5 ne. Tomsk dunhu - chiteshi chengarava Kolpashevo (1938, 23 zviuru vanhu ..). Oil town Khanty-Mansiysk nharaunda, rine vanhu vanopfuura 300 zviuru. People. mumwe - Nizhnevartovsk (1908) uye Surgut (1594). Center of Yamalo-Nenets zvionera Okrug - Salekhard (.. 1595, 50 zviuru vanhu) riri kurudyi kumahombekombe Ob River. Pakatarisana naye pamahombekombe rworuboshwe ndiye Labytnangi (1900, 26 zviuru. Pers.).

Achiratidza

Pakati nokuhova Russian rwizi rukuru Ob zvavo zvinokosha maitiro zvinotora:

• 1st - catchment bheseni nzvimbo -. 2 mamiriyoni 990 zviuru ba M. ? km.
• 2nd - nokureba chikuru gwara - 3650? Km.
• nzvimbo Third - iri gore negore zvachose Vhoriyamu eko - 357 cubic metres. ? km.