HPP - a ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - chivako kuvakwa murwizi nechinangwa simba kutendeuka muruoko magetsi iyezvino. Chimwe chikuru Zvivako hydroelectric simba zvinomera kakawanda chinhu dhamu kuti mabhuroko chiteshi.

Sei HPP

Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa - nguva dzose kuchikosha kuti upfumi hurumende chinhu, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakare chiratidzo maindasitiri mberi. Asi, pasinei akakura, pamwero mukuru zvivako zvakadaro huri nyore kushanda musimboti.

Pakutanga, mvura vaitaura kuti hydro turbine mashizha hwavapo injini mukamuri. wokupedzisira rotational simba iri hwakatamisirwa emagetsi. Vanowanika magetsi ari kusvitsa negadziriro simba mitsetse munharaunda.

Hwaro chero chakanangana HPP Zvechokwadi, simba rayo. chinhu ichi, uyewo, kunoenderana uwandu zvaiyambuka kuburikidza nemvura turbine wayo kuvafurira. The zvakawanda zvapedzisira nechipi, wakakwidzwa mai chechitima.

mhando zvinomera

Saka, HPP - chinokosha chikero Zvivako kuvakwa pamusoro rwizi. Parizvino munyika mune mhando huru mbiri chete Hydroelectric simba zvinomera:

• madhamu;

• zvisingakuvadzi.

Mukupera nyaya, kuti vaunze magetsi kushandisa mvura kufurirwa pahofisi mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka kana tanera. Akavaka zvisingakuvadzi HPP Kazhinji mugomo iri kunyanya rakafara nzizi pamwe simba dzenzvimbo.

Zvinhu garoitika HPP kuvaka

Kuwedzera mai, kuvakwa Hydroelectric simba zvinomera zviri kuvakwa, uye zvivako akadai:

• Powerhouse;
• pakashama;
• sudopriemniki uye manera hove;
• mvura buditsa mudziyo;
• dispenser.

Chivako riri HPP muchina horo pamwe turbines uye emagetsi.

Chii derivational chiteshi

Izvi hydropower chirimwa - iri chinhu chinokosha kuti nguva dzose kuvakwa mutsetse ane mawere materu. Mvura munzizi idzi kuyerera pasi kumanikidzwa simba takasununguka, saka kushongedza mai iyi hakusi zvakakodzera. Kuyerera muna CT akadaro inowira zvakananga munzvimbo huru chivako kusvika turbines. Dura Kazhinji kusikwa, asi nzvimbo kakawanda kwazvo duku. Zvakafanira reservoirs panguva Hydroelectric simba miti iyi mhando chete nokugadzirisa kuerera.

Ndezvipi CT zviri muRussia?

Hydroelectric simba miti akavakwa Russia, Chokwadi, zvakawanda. Most mitambo iyi sezvo nguva Soviet. Wokutanga chaizvo hydropower chirimwa yakavakwa pamusoro nharaunda nyika yedu, akava Zyryanskaya. Akavaka Chivako ichi muna Tsarist Russia muna 1892. Raiva yemapurisa diki kuti anopa magetsi kuti munharaunda wemarasha abudise angu.

Munguva Soviet nguva hurumende vakanga vava yose urongwa GOERLO hwokuti makore 10-15, nyika aifanira kuvaka Hydroelectric simba chiteshi ane zvachose kukwanisa 21.254 zviuru. L / s. Pari, rinonyatsooneka Hydroelectric simba nezvinomera Russian Federation vari:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) inokwana 6.4 Gv;
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 Gv;
• Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4,52 Gv;
• Ust-Ilminsky - 3,84 Gv;
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 Gv;
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 TS;
• Bureyskaya - 2,01 Gv;
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1,4 Gv;
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1.38 Gv;
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1.33 Gv;

Uyewo, mumwe chinhu zvakakwana guru ndiro Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny). Simba chechitima uyu 1.25 TS. Muridzi ndiye JSC "Generation Company" uye "Tatenergo". Akavaka chiteshi pamusoro Kama River.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: History

Zviri simba ichi Hydroelectric chiteshi, inova chikamu Yenisei Pazvinoitika, riri nokure kupfuura munyika. Gore negore inobereka avhareji vanenge mabhiriyoni 23.5 kWh / h dzemagetsi. The chakazoitwa nehurumende USSR pamusoro pakuvaka Sayano-Shushenskaya simba yeredhiyo 1961. Ko kushanda pakuvaka yaro yakatanga muna 1968. Muna 1978, Sayano-Shushenskaya dhamu ikazara. Pamutemo, kuvakwa chiteshi yakapera muna 2000 chete.

Kuvaka Hydroelectric simba chiteshi pamwe, zvinosuruvarisa kusanganisira ose dambudziko. Panguva kuvakwa kakawanda akaparadza spillway, uye dhamu akaumba makatsemuka. Pakupedzisira, Zvisinei, kutonga nezvinooneka nezvokuonekwa apfuura, nyaya zvose izvi zvave vakabudirira kugadziriswa.

unhu chiteshi

Zvayaiva Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric simba yemapurisa pedyo nomusha Cheryomushki pedyo Sayanogorsk pamusoro Yenisei River. Pari, ndiko kunonyanya kuvaka yakaiswa 10 zviyero, simba norumwe 640 MW. In oparesheni, apo urombo, pane muzvikamu 8 chete. Turbines panzvimbo iyi kuisa simba chaizvo muchiso Ro-230 / 833-0-677, kushanda ari musoro yavose sezvavakatarirwa 194 metres. Kukwirira HPP mai iri 245 m. The nzvimbo inoumbwa kuvakwa dura chechitima chiri 621 km ^2.

Paivakwa simba chirimwa rwakanga ruzere, vanosvika 35.600 hectares ose munda. Panguva iyoyo raifanira kumbosiyiwa sezvo 2717 akasiyana siyana zvezvivako. Mvura dura HPP ine unhu hwakanaka, saka pazasi inotevera shoma mumapurazi kushandisa kugadzirwa Rainbow rakarongwa. Reservoir iri Sayano-Shushenskaya chiteshi panguva imwe chete munyika nhatu: Khakassia, vokuTuva uye Krasnoyarsk Territory. On dzarwo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anoita uye Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve.

The tsaona pana Shushenskaya HPP 2009

Mukutanga-maviri rokutanga remakore panguva Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric simba chiteshi paiva tsaona yakaipisisa zvikuru, dzikavauraya vanhu 75. August 17, 2009 ari turbine hall huru chivakwa somugumisiro kuvadza hydraulic chairema rechipiri paiva guru kusunungurwa mvura kubva turbine. Kudira rukova akaputsa akatakura neshongwe pakuvaka uye zvakakanganisa zvokushandisa kuiswa mariri. Somugumisiro mvura ingress mune dzimwe Hydroelectric emagetsi vari dzakabvarurwa, uye mune mamwe, uye vose vakaparadzwa. All Hurongwa rwokugadzirwa riri pazasi 327, vave nemafashamo.

Anobvisa migumisiro tsaona pakutanga Hunoita ravarwi vashandi. Vakazopiwa raisanganisira Contractors. Pachapera hydraulic dzevhudzi vanachiremba maawa anenge 9 uye maminitsi 20. Water inflow injini mukamuri rikaguma. Kazhinji, zvinoshanda kubvisa migumisiro yacho tsaona yakanga wakapindwa 2.7 zviuru. People uye pamusoro 200 zvimedu michina. Kuti adzivise mvura kupinda horo aifanira kuvaka yakawanda yokuvaka, Kureba raiva 9683 mamita.