Ipatiev House mu Yekaterinburg. The kupfura dzemhuri youmambo mumba Ipatiev

Ekaterinburg ndiyo inozivikanwa munyika sezvo guta umo Bolsheviks tsitsi akapfura mhuri Emperor Nicholas II. Nzvimbo wokupedzisira mujeri uye kuurayiwa namambo, mudzimai wake nevana akasarudzwa Ipatiev House. The kero nayo yaiva (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), nhasi akarangarira vakawanda veko, asi kukuudzai sei chivako pachayo anotarira asingagoni zvose. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti imba, iyo akapedza kwoupenyu hwake wemhuri youmambo, akanga kwakaparadza muna 1977. Nhasi zvinongoreva inoyeuchidza mifananidzo akwegura uye kashoma zvinoratidza muna Yekaterinburg mamiziyamu.

chinoshamisa madimbu

Kudzidza nhoroondo yemhuri Russian youmambo, uchaona inonakidza chokwadi. Chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich, uyo akazova muvambi Romanov youmambo, rakaparidzirwa mutongi Russia muna March 1613, pashure mhemberero, kuitwa Ipatiev wemamonk pedyo Kostroma. Asi chii achanyorwa mberi, zvichikonzera zhinji kunzwisisa. Mumiriri wekupedzisira vakadarovo mambo, Nicholas II, pamwe nemhuri yake yose muna July 1918, akaurayiwa muna Ipatiev mumba Yekaterinburg. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Romanov hwedzinza havasisipo.

Sei Ipatiev imba?

Wemamongi chete zita, iro akakomborerwa pamusoro bhodhi Mikhail Fedorovich, uye neimba apo bara Nicholas II uye nemhuri yake, panguva Soviet zvakanga zvoga. Asi chaizvoizvo kudaro? Modern kare vanofunga kuti imba Ipatiev Nicholas Nikolaevich kuti Bolsheviks wamasarudza sezvo nzvimbo yaiuya pasina chikonzero, uye akapiwa uchapupu dzidziso yake zvikonzero zvakanaka.

Mushure abdication muna March 1917 kubva pachigaro wokupedzisira Russian mambo nemhuri yake yakanga kuutapwa Tobolsk. Hapana chaitadzisa Bolsheviks yakavavenga kubata namambo muguta rino Siberian, asi nokuda kwechikonzero vakamutora kuna Ekaterinburg. Pasinei guru nhamba zvivako, nokuti mutongo iye akasarudzwa hakuna nzira inoshamisa imba injiniya Ipatiev. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika kare ano vanodavira kuti chikonzero sarudzo ichi chaiva waaiziva kuti Nicholas Roerich Peter Voykova - Commissioner of Ural Bolsheviks Board avepo pakuronga kupfura dzemhuri youmambo.

Muna 1913 akanga vaipemberera 300th musi unoenderana Romanov youmambo kuRussia, Ipatievsky yemamongi mumwe chikuru nzvimbo mabiko. Zita rake raiva pamiromo vose, saka kana Bolsheviks akasarudza mhuri youmambo vaiurayiwa Ipatiev House mu Yekaterinburg, vanowanzova kuzviita achifunga uye nemaune, achipa nechokuita umhondi womumwe Chirevo.

Muridzi muimba yokutanga

The imba achirwara-fated yakavakwa mukupera 80-ies zviri XIX remakore ari injiniya mugodhi, ezvinhu gurukota Ivan Redikortsevym. Nzvimbo matunhu yavo yemberi, akasarudza kumadokero yakatenuka mugomo Ascension. Imba yakavakwa ine maonero mamiriro enzvimbo. divi rayo wokumabvazuva waiva chenhurikidzwa chete. Heino mukuru nomukova chivakwa, makamuri uye bhesimendi pamwe kuwana inoenda kumaodzanyemba France yacho Manor. Kumavirira rweimba kwaisanganisira maviri Uriri uye pavharanda. Upamhi Kuvaka 18 m, uye urefu - 31 M It yakavakwa pamwe noungwaru zvigadzirwa :. Paiva magetsi, mvura, sewerage uye runhare. Wamakamuri eimba akatarisa vapfumi: kwemasvingo avo yakashongedzwa stucco uye vakakanda simbi Kudzingwa uye unyanzvi kupenda yaiiswa pasirin'i.

Redikortsevu haana zvinofanira kuramba refu muridzi neimba. Nokuda matambudziko zvemari muna 1898 akatengesa munda Gold Sharavevu. Pashure pemakore 10, imba vakachinja maoko zvakare, panguva ino kwakanga ndiinjiniya Nikolai Ipatiev. mhuri yake vakagara pamakamuri panhurikidzwa yechipiri. Munguva kwakavakirwa, riri yepazasi chikamu chacho, akazarura hofisi yake Ipatyev chibvumirano basa.

Kuuya mhuri youmambo kuti wemunda

By sezvakarayirwa Ural Council muna April 1918, Ipatiev House rakanga requisitioned. The Bolsheviks akapa muridzi mazuva maviri umo kusiya imba. Sezvo Nikolai Nikolaevich panguva ino akanga asiri Yekaterinburg, ake pachake zvake akanga yakaparadzwa muna yaichengeterwa, iri pedyo zimba, apo mwedzi mishoma iri Romanovs vakapfurwa. Mushure requisitioning munda yakanga takapoteredzwa miviri noruzhowa, kusvikira nharaunda dzayo murindi mbiru, uye akaisa pamberi murindi. Kubvira ipapo, uye kuti aurayiwe mambo, Bolsheviks akadana House wenhaka chinangwa chinokosha.

Kusungwa namambo uye nemhuri yake vakauyiswa kuna Ipatiev House mu Yekaterinburg mune rokupedzisira April 1918. Pamwe navo vakasvika kuimba injiniya 5 vanhu kutsigira vashandi: chiremba E. Botkin footman Trupp A. murandakadzi Demidova, bikai Kharitonov GI uye mubatsiri wake L. Sednov. Nicholas II pamwe naye uye nevana mukavaisa vaviri pedyo makamuri iri kumabvazuva chikamu chivakwa. Pakarepo pasi zvivako izvi aiva zimba. In yokudyira chaimbova musikana ari Empress, uye imba - chiremba uye lackey. Mbiru dzakati murindi kwave yakanyatsoiswa muimba. Kuenda restroom kana chimbudzi, vasungwa chaiyo chinangwa dzimba akanga zvakaitika kudzivirira.

kupfura

kuchamuka Ipatief mhuri youmambo, pamwe chete nevashandi akapedza okupedzisira 78 oupenyu hwake. Usiku July 16, 1918 Romanovs akaenda kunorara, senguva dzose, pa 22.30. Usiku vakanga anomutswa vakaudza kuburukira dura kuti Ipatiev House. Kana zvose nhengo nomwe Mhuri Romanov, uyewo 4 persons varanda (mutevedzeri Chef Sednova L. haana pakati pavo, nokuti zuva asati abviswa imba) vaiva yepasi, akarava kunze mutongo uye pakarepo mushure vapfurwa.

The mberi mugumo weimba

Mazuva mashoma mushure kupfura yakakumikidzwa Romanovs muna Yekaterinburg akauya nevachena. House akapfuura zvakare kupinda nhaka Ipatiev, asi akararama mairi vakasvimha uye vakatama kubva munyika. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru muimba iri dzimbahwe mukuru Siberian Army General Radoly Guides. Kwapera gore, guta rakanga zvakare pasi kudzorwa Bolsheviks. Ipatiev House akava kumuzinda Red Army.

Mumakore akatevera, ari muimba dzichengeterwe nemahofisi siyana. Mumakore 1927-1938 imomo akanga azarura Museum of Revolution. Vashanyi ake akaratidza kwete chete nzvimbo imba, asi yepasi, chakarairwa kuurayiwa pakati Romanovs. Mumakore 30 imba ikava chinhu Anti-zvitendero, uye zvetsika uye dzidzo Museum, zvadaro Board yavasingadi, bazi iri Institute of Culture, bato yamabhuku. Munguva yehondo Ipatiev imba yaichengeterwawo akabviswa Leningrad Hermitage kuratidza. Munguva yepashure pehondo ikoko zvakare akavhura Party Archive, ipapo okumusoro akanga muruoko Provincial Department of Culture, uye chakabereka inodzidzisirwa pano. nepekugara "Sayuzdruk" Management muchikamu rimwe neimba. In yepasi weimba yave nepokuongorora yokuchengetera. Muna 1974 chivako akava mumwe enhoroondo Monuments of munyika kukosha.

Demolition zvivako

Pakati pezana 70-ies zviri XX remakore nehurumende yeSoviet zvikuru nehanya wakawedzera pfungwa vatorwa mumba injiniya Ipatiev. Muna 1978, 2 chete vakanga yakarongwa kumativi misi vari: 110th gore yokuberekwa Nikolaya Romanova, uye makore 60 kubva umhondi ake. Kuitira kuti vadzivise hype pamba Ipatiev, KGB Sachigaro Yuri Andropov akaita panyaya wayo kuparadzwa. Chisarudzo chokupedzisira pamusoro pokuparadzwa neimba akatora Boris Yeltsin, uyo akabva akagadzwa munyori Sverdlovsk remunharaunda komiti iri Communist Party wokutanga.

Ipatiev House, vakamira kwemakore anoda kusvika 90 makore, rakaparadzwa pasi muna September 1977. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kuvaparadzi vakatora mazuva, 3 ane bhurudhoza uye bhora-Baba. The chikonzero kuparadzwa okumusoro akanga ari akaronga vavakezve peguta. Nhasi, ari panzvimbo pakangotanga Ipatiev imba akamira, inodarika Church Ropa. Vanhu vomuguta akarivaka pakuyeuka vakapondwa mambo uye nhengo dzemhuri yake.