Izvo matavi vakakamurwa necheSalvic vanhu? Ancient uye ano necheSalvic avanhu

Slavs nhasi - ndicho kupfuura ethno-mitauro nharaunda Europe. Ivo vagere munzvimbo huru uye ane vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 300-350. Munyaya ino tichatarisa chii mapazi vakakamurwa necheSalvic dzavanhu, ngatimbotaura nezvenhoroondo inotungamirwa dzavo uye nekupatsanurwa. Uyewo zvishoma dzinombotaura aripo pavaipfuura nokuparidzirwa necheSalvic nemagariro uye zvechitendero, izvo vakanamatira marudzi mukufamba kwaro kukura uye inotungamirwa.

Dzidziso mavambo

Uyezve munyaya ino tichakurukura chii mapazi vakakamurwa necheSalvic marudzi. Asi ikozvino ndiko kunzwisisa kuti, kubva apo boka iri kwemadzinza.

Saka, maererano Ages venhoroondo, marudzi edu vazukuru kubva kuzitateguru. Vaiva Jafeti, mwanakomana waNoa. Nhamba iyi, maererano yaMakoronike, akapa upenyu madzinza dzakadai vaMedhia, ivo Sarmatians, vaSitiya, Thracians, Illyrians, Slavs, British uye mamwe marudzi European.

NavaArabhu aiziva Slavs, sezvo chikamu munharaunda dzavanhu kumavirira, yaisanganisira vokuTurkey, Ugric uye Slavs muEastern Europe. zvinyorwa zvavo muchiuto, vanyori venhau kushamwaridzana conglomerate ichi neshoko "Sakaliba". Gare gare vakauya kunzi kubva Byzantine mauto navashanduki vakanga vakabata Islam.

VaGiriki vekare uye vaRoma akadana Slavs "sklaviny" uye anoenderana navo rimwe marudzi muSitiya - Scoloti. Dzimwe nguva kudhonzera pamwe chete ethnonyms Wends uye Slavs.

Saka mapazi necheSalvic marudzi matatu, kutenderera iyo pasi apa, tateguru. Asi gare gare kukura kwavo diverged yekudyidzana nokuda yakakura iri kugarwa uye zvinoitwa dzakapoteredza tsika uye zvaunotenda.

Izvi ndizvo tichataura mberi.

History of ugari

Gare gare isu anofanira kubata aparadzane nomumwe boka rwamarudzi, asi zvino munofanira kunzwisisa kuti chero bazi necheSalvic avanhu akakamurwa uye kuti Resettlement muitiro.
Saka, kokutanga pamusoro pamarudzi aya akataurwa Tacitus uye Pliny Mukuru. Izvi kare vechiRoma muzvinyorwa zvavo akataura Wends vaigara kuBaltic mundima. Maererano nguva upenyu voruzhinji, asi Slavs kwatova muzana remakore rechipiri AD.

Zvichitevera, uyo akataura madzinza izvi chete vaiva Prokopiy Kesariysky , uye Priscus, asi Byzantine munyori uye nyanzvi. Asi ruzivo kupfuura rakakwana, iro chokuita doletopisnomu nguva anowanika kubva Gothic wenhoroondo Jordan.

Anoti kuti Sklave - yakazvimirira rudzi, amire kubva vèneto. In munharaunda kuchamhembe Vistula River (muWisła ano) anotaura "vanhu vazhinji Veneti", izvo akakamurwa Antes uye sklavenov. Wokutanga vaigara pedyo Euxine Pontasi (Sea Black) kubva Danastra (Dniester) kuna Danapra (of the dnipro river). Sklave ari inogarwa Noviodunum (Iskach guta riri Danube) kuna Danastra uye Vistula kuchamhembe.

Saka, muzana remakore rechitanhatu AD, madzitateguru of Slavs - Sklave vaitogara pamusoro nyika Vistula uye Dniester kuna Danube. Gare gare venhoroondo siyana kuchaita taura yakakura kupfuura nzvimbo kugarwa yemadzinza izvi. Yazadza pasi Central uye Eastern Europe.

Sei akatsemura matavi matatu necheSalvic avanhu? Zano, izvo isu ambotaurwa, chinoratidza kuti sangano rakanga kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva.

Pakutanga, mhuri akatamira nenzira Black uye reBaltic makungwa. Just iyi uye inorondedzerwa Gothic wenhoroondo Jordan. Next kune nyika idzi dzapinda nokuda vaAvar uye akatsemura chete nzvimbo madzinza voga.

Maviri emakore (kubva wetanhatu rechisere) Ivo vanogara kumabvazuva mezvikomo ari Alps uye kuwira pasi mambo Justinian II. Tinoziva izvi kubva magwaro ari yaMakoronike, iro rinoreva chirongwa ari Byzantine mauto navaArabhu. Sezvo chikamu mauto uye aitaura sklaviny.

Muzana remakore rechisere, madzinza aya tisvike muBalkan Peninsula kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe Lake Ladoga.

South Slavs

Kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba Slavs, sezvatinoona, dzakaumbwa panguva dzakasiyana. Pakutanga munhu conglomerate rwamarudzi akaparadzanisa Antes, uyo akaenda kumabvazuva, nenzira kweGungwa Dema uye Dnieper. Chete muzana remakore rechisere, rudzi urwu vakatanga pakugadzirisa muBalkan Peninsula.

Zvichiitika sezvinotevera. Vamwe East uye West necheSalvic marudzi vakatamira uchitsvaka yakaisvonaka kunyika kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero akananga muGungwa reAdriya.

Vezvenhau kusiyanisa zvinotevera mapoka vaitamira ichi: Obodrits (mu European yaMakoronike rinozivikanwa predenitsenty) Severtsev (kutaurirana pamwechete northerners), vokuSerbia, vokuCroatia uye nevamwe. Zvikurukuru, zviri marudzi kuti vaigara pamwe weboka Danube River.

Saka yekare necheSalvic avanhu kuva simba guru kuti anyatsopinda boka duku vagari vemo uye gare gare muBalkans uye Gungwa reAdriatic vagadze hurumende.

Asi sangano iri kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva paiva nomumwe-nguva chirongwa. Various wakurukura akatama kubva ayo velocity uye kwete chaizvo mune imwe negwara. Saka, vatsvakurudzi akataura mapoka matatu, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore vaitamira kuchamhembe-kumadokero (kubva mune ramangwana akaumba vokuSlovenia), kumabvazuva (the ano vokuBulgaria uye veMakedhonia) uye vokumadokero (vokuCroatia uye vokuSerbia).

marudzi Western

Madzitateguru zvakafanana pakati necheSalvic avanhu, izvo kunyange VaRoma vaiziva sei wends pakutanga kugarwa nyika kwePoland ano uye pamwe muGermany. Gare gare mundima ino vakaumba boka guru marudzi.

Raisanganisira nyika kubva Elbe kusvika Oder uye kubva reBaltic kusvika Mountains Mboroma. Vanotsvakurudza kugoverana conglomeration ichi mapoka matatu maererano kunzvimbo dzavo dzokugara.

Northwest madzinza vakadaidzwa bodrichi (reregi uye Obodrits), South - Sorbs (Kunosanganisirawo chikamu Serbia) uye nechepakati boka - lutici (kana Veleta). Three ataurwa marudzi dzaimbova uto kwemadzinza uye vanovatsigira. Dzimwe nguva yoga kutaura pamusoro munharaunda rechina. Nhengo dzayo pachavo Pomerania akadana uye vaigara reBaltic pamhenderekedzo.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, somugumisiro yokutama ari Polabian Slavs ari dzisingafambwi nyika akaumba Polish, Silesian, Czech, uye pomoryanskie lehitskie namarudzi.

Saka, kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba Slavs zvisingapindirani kuti aimbova dzaimbova zvizvarwa kunzvimbo idzi, uye wechipiri akabva Danube kusvika reAdriatic.

East Slavs

Maererano yaMakoronike wokumavirira European, basa wenhoroondo hweRoma uye Byzantine nemabasa, mundima Eastern Slavs nguva dzose correlated pamwe neshamwari dzemadzinza Antes.

Apo tinoziva kubva uchapupu Gothic wenhoroondo kwaJorodhani, vakagara munyika kumabvazuva Mountains Carpathian. Uye Byzantines vanoti Resettlement nzvimbo akasvika pamhenderekedzo Dnieper.

Zviwanikwa zvematongo zvinoenderana maonero ichi. Kubva wechipiri remakore rechina AD pakati Dnieper uye Dniester kune anonzi Chernyakhovskaya tsika.

Gare gare chikatsiviwa Penkovskaya matongo munharaunda. Between tsika idzi pane mukaha mumarudzi maviri emakore, asi zvinonzi vaidavira kuti mukaha yakadaro anokonzerwa kuitwa nevamwe vemadzinza nevamwe.

Saka, kwakabva necheSalvic avanhu waiva mugumisiro rechokwadi inotungamirwa hombe Nzanga dzinoverengeka shamwari duku yemadzinza. Gare gare venhoroondo pamusoro Kievan Rus achapa mazita mapoka aya: kupishinura drevlyans, Dregovichi, vyatichi uye mamwe madzinza.

Maererano yekare yaMakoronike Russian, nokuda mapoka gumi kumabvazuva necheSalvic mubatanidzwa vakaumba uye sezvo simba simba Ages sezvo Kiev Russ.

The ezvinhu aripo

Saka, tichakurukura newe chii mapazi vakakamurwa necheSalvic marudzi. Mukuwedzera, takataura pamusoro sei waiva muitiro kugarwa namarudzi kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva.

Modern necheSalvic marudzi ndivanamwari siyanei kubva kumadzitateguru avo zvakananga. Ivo sangana tsika kunechekuita dzavo rinodhindira sezvo nawo madzinza, uye vazhinji nomutorwa nechisimba.

Somuenzaniso, vakawanda kumatunhu reRussian Federation uye kumadokero Ukraine, kamwe chikamu Kievan Rus, mumwe emakore mashoma pasi Mongol-wechiTatar joko. Saka, muna tumitauro dzakawanda dzinosanganisira nokukwereta kubva Turkic mitauro. Uyewo zvimwe zvishongo chinyakare uye zvinoitwa amatura rinodhindira vadzvinyiriri tsika.

South Slavs zvikurukuru aifurirwa nevaGiriki uye vokuTurkey. Naizvozvo, pakuguma nyaya tichafanira kutaura nezvenyaya chitendero. Kare marudzi echihedheni nhasi tiri vateveri zvitendero dzezvitendero yaAbrahamu.

Kwazvo kuti chii mapazi vakakamurwa necheSalvic marudzi, zvizvarwa varege kuziva, asi somunhu mutemo, mumwe nyore kuona kwake "pamwe countryman". South Slavs rakagara richidudzirwa tanned uye mutauro ivo skips dzakananga phonemes zvinongowanikwa nharaunda iyi. Mamiriro ezvinhu ari zvizvarwa nechokumadokero uye okumabvazuva nevanhu dzemadzinza.

Saka, chii nhasi nyika yakava kumusha mapazi akasiyana-siyana necheSalvic vanhu?

The mamiriro of South Slavs

Modern necheSalvic vanhu vakagara guru mativi Eastern uye Central Europe. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu ose pasi pose vamiririri vavo vanogona kuwanikwa zvinenge kwese munyika. Uye chinhu mafungiro edu zvokuti pashure pfupi vavakidzani vari kutanga kunzwisisa kuti necheSalvic mitauro. Slavs vagara vakatsvaka zvinosanganisira vatorwa netsika yavo, pamwe shoma nokuzvidzora kupa mu nedanho kuitwa.

To ano Southern Slavs vanosanganisira Slovenians uye Montenegrins vaMakedhonia uye vokuBulgaria, vokuCroatia, Bosnia uye vokuSerbia. Vazhinji vanhu ava vanogara munharaunda inoti yavo yenyika, iyo inosanganisira Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia uye Croatia.

Ndizvo chaizvo mundima muBalkan Peninsula uye kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu reAdriatic.

South necheSalvic marudzi nhasi vari kuramba kutamira kure pfungwa yevanhu ava, kupinda mhuri itsva European Union. Zvisinei, mumwe emakore mashoma apfuura paiva kuedza kuumba rwakafanana nyika ine vagari zvaisanganisira chete South Slavs, asi vakakundikana. Pane imwe nguva rainzi mamiriro Yugoslavia.

Kunze National inoti nhengo bazi iri necheSalvic dzavanhu, maererano pamutemo uwandu, zvakawanda upenyu kuItaly, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Greece uye Moldova.

Country yokumadokero Slavs

Sezvo ethnogeny necheSalvic vanhu kunyanya chakaitika pakutanga pamusoro munharaunda kwePoland ano uye Germany, vamiririri amarudzi dzokuMadokero iri zvinenge kubviswa mudzimba dzavo.

Nhasi zvizvarwa zvavo vanogara Poland, Germany, Czech Republic uye Slovakia. Setsika, ethnologists ndivo vanhu vashanu, vari bazi West necheSalvic. Matanda, Czechs, Slovaks, uye Sorbs Kashubes.

The mapoka matatu madzinza wokutanga kurarama kunyanya munyika pamwe unoenderana mazita, uye pakupedzisira mbiri - mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Sorbs, izvo zvinosanganisira zvakawanda Wendy lugii uye sorbitol, vagere gandwa. Nzvimbo iyi iri rakakamurwa okumusoro zvikamu, izvo riri Saxony uye Brandenburg, ukuwo.

Kashubes vanogarawo munyika aizivikanwa Kashubia. Ndizvo chikamu ano vanhu Polish Republic. Ndibatsireiwo guta guru rudzi urwu guta Kartuzy. Uyewo, vamiririri vakawanda rudzi urwu rinowanikwa Gdynia.

Kashubia funga pachavo ane dzinza, asi kuziva vokuPoland citizenship. Mukati maro, vari mapoka mapoka akawanda, zvichienderana nekwavanogara, zvimwe National koshitomu, mabasa uye misiyano kirasi. Saka, vamwe vavo vari zaboryaki, parchanskaya vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, gbury, emabhawa, gohi uye mamwe mapoka.

Saka, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti vakawanda kumadokero necheSalvic vanhu sezvinobvira zvichengeteke tsika. Vamwe vavo kunyange vachiri Zvisinei mubasa zvetsika rwokugadzira uye emaoko, kupfuura tourist kukwezvwa.

East necheSalvic Masimba

Nharaunda yemazuva ano Slavs kumabvazuva inoreva nyika dzakadai Russia, Ukraine uye Belarus. Nhasi, nyika idzi zvinogona kunzi munguva pamharadzano. Pamberi pendudzi dzavo nechisarudzo: kuramba vakaita kuti nzira dzechinyakare upenyu, kana nenzira kumaodzanyemba hama, achitora tsika dzokuMadokero.

The kamwe-simba Hurumende - pakupedzisira Kievan Rus tinoshandurirwa munyika nhatu. Yakaumbwa kumativi Moscow Moscow umambo, uye mushure Russian Empire. Kyiv vakabatana kupota nyika yemadzinza zhinji kubva Carpathians kusvika Don. Uye Belarus akaumba mumasango Polesie. Zvichienderana zita ndima, chikamu chikuru chesangano renyika iri inogarwa vazukuru Polischuks uye Pinchuk.

Chitendero matavi siyana pamusoro Slavs

Russian Federation, Ukraine uye Belarus - rechimanjemanje nzvimbo kumabvazuva Slavs. Pano vakawanda vacho ndohwaJehovha vaKristu Orthodox.

Pfungwa, mukuru kubva muchihedheni kwakaitika muzana remakore rechigumi, apo Kiev Prince Vladimir Veliky akabhabhatidzwa Rus. Asi muna 1054 paiva schism kukuru chiKristu, kana paiva vakaparadzana Orthodox uye nokutenda Catholic. Eastern uye madzinza kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva akaramba akavimbika kuna Mufundisi weConstantinople, uye kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero vakava vatsigiri yeRoma Katurike.

Pane imwe nguva munhau, zvimwe mapoka South Slavs kuna Islam. Izvi imhaka yokuti nyika dzavo dzakanga pasi pejoko hweTurkey. Nokuti vamwe vokuTurkey vakaita vazhinji nyasha. Nhasi VaMuslim vane Gorani, Bosniaks, Pomaks, uye murwi Torbeshi.

Saka, pepa iri tadzidza ethnogenesis ari necheSalvic avanhu, uye vakataura pamusoro weboka yavo matavi matatu. Uyezve, kunzwisisa nyika ano ndezvaJehovha kundima chepamusoro kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero madzinza chii.