Kostroma: vakawanda, dzinza akafanana

Ancient Russian kugarwa pamahombekombe ari Volga, guta Kostroma, yevagari, nhamba vagari vachange pasi kuongorora munyaya yakabuda remakore rechi12. Kwemazana emakore guta rakanga richikura, kuchinja, Virtual, uye izvi zvose zvinooneka zviri murwiyo uye kwazvo vagari vemo. Nhasi Kostroma ndorwevaya boka svikiro kadikidiki misha muRussia. Taundi rine anokosha unhu chokuita vagari vayo.

The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Kostroma

At 300? Km kubva Moscow kumabvazuva, pamusoro Volga, chinhu chikuru chengarava - Kostroma. Guta iri nzvimbo yekare pamuromo rwizi zvakafanana zita. Kostroma riri vose pamahombekombe Gorky Dam, yakabuda pakati pezana remakore rechi20 uye zvikazara chikamu nharaunda kare sezvo Kostroma Bay (kureva. E. Water Mafuro). Mukati guta anomhanya Nehova anoverengeka uye nenzizi duku, izvo akanyudzwa mukati chubhu, kuitira kuti vavhiringe vagari.

The yokugara riri Kostroma pamapani uye ane zvakakwana kumeso hwomutambarakede upenyu nzvimbo. The zvachose nzvimbo dzomumaguta nzvimbo iri 144,4 mativi makiromita. The pedyo Maguta makuru daro ndiko: Yaroslavl - 65 km kuna Ivanovo - 105? Km.

Chii chinoratidzwa yevagari? Kostroma ari kukura nokuda zvishoma nezvishoma Absorção de Água guta nemisha pedyo. Agglomeration Kostroma zvishoma nezvishoma, asi akawedzera.

Check History

Nyika iyo nhasi Kostroma, akatanga kugara munzvimbo neolithic nguva (5-3 chemakore BC. E.). Vamiririri gadziriro uye Volosovsky tsika mhenyu pano, akapa mazita huru nzizi uye madhamu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wokutanga zvachose nevanhu mundima vaiva Finno-Ugric madzinza. Zvisinei, nhoroondo kuongorora mazita nzvimbo yeko haina nguva dzose yasimbiswa shanduro iyi. Chokutanga, vakawanda yakanga vakawanda nguva, hazvina kuvaka guru, maguta zvachose. Akasimbisa dzakavamba musi kugarwa pamusoro nzvimbo Kostroma inokurukurwawo 1152. Wezvenhau V. N. Tatischev akaongorora upenyu Prince Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti panguva confluence of Volga uye Kostroma Rivers aiva yokugara, izvo yaakasimbisa. Zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo yeguta pane tsika dzakawanda prehistoric, asi zvino vamwe vasingazivikanwi chikonzero yevagari asiya nzvimbo. Saka, shanduro kuvambwa guta Yuri Dolgoruky anotarisa zvikuru chine musoro.

Muzana remakore rechi12, Theodore akaita chechi zvekare Kostroma. Uyewo, pane ruzivo pamusoro kushanda vatatu dzemamongi yekare. Kuwanda Kostroma vemo yakanga yakakura zvokuti nguva. Kusvikira remakore rechi14 guta rakanga nhaka Yaroslav Vsevolodovich nevazukuru vake. Muna 1364 Kostroma yakava chikamu Moscow weutungamiriri, kubvira panguva ino anotanga akatsiga kukura misha uye kuwedzera kwenhamba mairi. Muna 1709 muguta akagamuchira mamiriro enyika, zvichiguma pakuwedzera nharaunda yayo. Muna 1781 vakasuwa ari Empress Catherine II akasaina vakawanda kugadzirisa urongwa ugari. Aiita kubviswa zhinji kuzvidzivirira zvivako uye kusikwa paruzhinji uye misha.

Pakupera muzana remakore rechi18, guta rakatanga kukura indasitiri, ichi zvinotungamirira chinokosha mutsika vemo. Rwakapoteredza chechipiri vaitamira kuna Kostroma yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 - mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Kana mune yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika husingatsigirwi, pane mabasa matsva. The kwemaindasitiri weSoviet nguva, uyewo chakaita kuti kuwedzera kwevanhu.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II pano zvakanzi anobviswa zhinji zvokurapa, maindasitiri, uye dzidzo masangano. Sezvo 50s yavaipora zvoupfumi kunotanga muguta, uye iri zvareva kuti zvakanaka rinomutsa ari nhamba vagari.

Panguva perestroika Kostroma kuti muduku zvakadini pane dzimwe nzanga zhinji, iri kusangana wevanotungamirira kuchembera, kunyange zvakanga. Izvi imhaka pakuchengetedza guta zvoupfumi zvinogona. Nhasi Kostroma kachitanga munzvimbo itsva mabasa nokuda vakawanda, iro kunobatsirawo pamusoro Demographics.

Climate

Kostroma runobva kuna mapazi ose mwero Continental okunze. Pano Runonzwika noushamwari zvinoitwa Atlantic Ocean, zvinopa zvimwe softness muchando. Kare, vagari veguta racho (kusanganisira Kostroma) kunobva okunze nyaradzo. Saka, muna kumicheto utsinye pamberi pavanhu selilos vasingasviki kupfuura kudziya. Avhareji yegore negore tembiricha muguta riri 4.2 inegumi.

Seasons muna Kostroma, uyewo munyika nechepakati Russia, vamwe ukapisa murwi ari ainakidza karenda. Summer kunotanga mukupera May uye inoguma mukupera August. Paavhareji zhizha tembiricha - 22 madhigirii, ari Hottest uye driest mwedzi - July. Winter tembiricha panochengetwa Paavhareji pamusoro -10 ° C. Asi mazuva mashomanana ari mwaka inogona kunyatsonanga kwazvo frosts, kunyange kusvika madhigirii 30.

Administrative-miganhu kupesana uye yevagari kuparadzirwa

Today Kostroma - chinhu chikuru remunharaunda muzinda. Pamutemo, guta dzinounzwa guru miganhu dzakabatana matatu: Central, Zavolzhsky uye maindasitiri munzvimbo. Kunyange zita anogona kuonekwa pamusoro chaizvo mumwe mugove.

Kostroma, vanhu izvo kwazvo munzvimbo dzakasiyana, ane akasiyana nzvimbo dzakakwirira hwevanhu arambe achirema uye vakawanda noruwa kuti hazvisi pamutemo chikamu muganhu guta. Izvi zvinosanganisira musha Pervomaisky, New, Labor, Rebrovka, Karavaevo, Karimov nevamwe. Uyewo muguta, vakawanda mumatunhu, nhamba iri kuramba kukura nokuda zvivako zvitsva.

Wechipiri soro Vagari arambe achirema nzvimbo - Zavolzhye. Mune fekitari uye Ruwa arambe achirema kushoma, asi nzvimbo nhengo guta riri kuramba kukura.

kwezvivako Kostroma

upenyu kunyaradzwa pamwero muguta chinhu chinokosha nokuda Kukwezva evoruzhinji uye vashandi. Social kwezvivako, kunyanya mumaguta makuru, kusanganisira nezvifambiso zvinosvika. Kostroma, nhamba vagari (population) riri zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera, kusanganisira nokuda Absorção de Água pamusoro Suburban namagariro ane pachena motokari matambudziko. Vari chokuita yokuti vanogara mafekitari Zavolzhsky nzvimbo kazhinji basa uye dzakasiyana-siyana vari kuenda kuguta centre. Uye rwizi raakazoita ne mabhiriji matatu chete, saka panguva nhamba maawa kubva dzimwe nzvimbo Somuenzaniso, Malyshkova, vachisiya kwakaoma.

The guta mabhazi mabhazi, trolley mabhazi, minibuses. Zvisinei, kumaruwa chokuita nechepakati zvikurukuru minibuses, ane mutakurwi vanokwanisa yakaderera. Center zvinokuriritira evanhu chinangwa emakambani, pane kuzvitoro zvakawanda, cafes, mamiziyamu uye tsika masangano. Mamwe guta chete mutsva guta nharaunda anozvikudza zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira kwezvivako, vagari nezvimwe zvikamu guta vanowanzova kuenda muzinda pakuwana basa. izvi zvose kunokanganisa Kukwezva kwenharaunda Kostroma vanhu pamusoro arambe achirema zvokuwedzera munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muguta.

Population Kukura uye arambe achirema

Kugara richiona pakati simba ari nhamba vagari vari Kostroma akatanga muna 1811. Zvadaro, vemo zviuru 10 vanhu. Kusvikira pezana remakore rechi19 rakatsiga kwenhamba vagari pasina kuzengurira yakasvika 4 zviuru vanhu kwemakore akawanda. Asi kubva 1856 nhamba Kostroma chete akakura. Zvakanga kusvikira 2000, apo akaipa rinomutsa neumwe zviuru vanhu yakatanga kunyorwa.

Kunyange mumakore zvehondo uye nokumukirana Kostroma yakaramba guta anoyevedza kurarama. Kusvikira 2011, yakanga kuderedzwa paavhareji chimwe chiuru vagari. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma akadzokera kumutauri ndinoiitawo. Nhasi, vanhu vose Kostroma vanhu vanenge 276.700. Kukura wokupedzisira mashoma apfuura kusvika 3 zviuru. Vanhu. pagore. The avhareji vanogara arambe achirema muguta riri vanhu 1,900 paminiti mativi kiromita. Zviri kaviri kupfuura avhareji iri Kostroma mudunhu.

Ethnic sezvamunoita uye mutauro

The Ruzhinji vagari Kostroma - Russian, vanenge 93%. Chechipiri pakukura dzinza - Ukrainians (0.88%). Other marudzi dzinokurukurwa zviduku zvakawanda: wechiTatar - 0.35%, Armenian - 0.26%, Roma - 0.24%.

Mumakore achangopfuura, Kostroma, vanacho zvishoma nezvishoma kukura, kusangana munyika kuitika kuwedzera kwenhamba vanotama, kunyanya kubva Ukraine, asi nyika-chaicho inflow Central vokuAsia vasiri akanzwa.

Sexual Kusiyanisa vokuparidzira

Kostroma, yevagari, uwandu varume nevakadzi vari nyaya kuongororwa zvakasimba evanhu, zvinopinda zvinonakisa Russian zvinoitwa pabonde reshiyo. Paavhareji, nhamba yevanhu idukusa vakadzi munenge 20%. Nokuti zviuru ose pane 1204 vakadzi. Uyewo munyika, nhamba vakomana pakuzvarwa zvishoma akavamba pamusoro nhamba nevasikana. Zvino zera, reshiyo ichi zvinyamusi, richisvika vakura kunonyanyisa tsika.

Age Kusiyanisa vokuparidzira

Avhareji youpenyu hunotarisira mu Russia iri zvishoma kuwedzera, uye ichi muitiro akachengeta Kostroma. Nhamba yevanhu mhiri mudyandigere zera iri kuramba kuchiita. Kuwanda vagari pasi kushanda zera anenge 15%, uye nhamba iyi zvishoma kuwedzera. Kuwanda vagari pamusoro pensionable zera iri 24%. Kuwanda kwevanhu kushanda zera - 61%.

Demographics

Kuziva kunaka kwoupenyu munzvimbo iri kazhinji vanofungidzirwa zviratidzo zvakadai pakuzvarwa uye rufu prices. The kukura vagari Kostroma mumakore achangopfuura haina chokuita kukura nokuberekwa mwero uye kuti kutama. Kubvira 2013, kuberekwa mwero muguta ipfupi munenge 0.2 munhu pa zviuru vagari. Rufu ipfupi munenge 0,4 vanhu muzana 1 zviuru. Cel. Recently vakaronga chokubuda kuderera kuuya.

wevanotungamirira zvinhu

Kukarukureta pakati wevanotungamirira zvinhu inobvumira kufanotaura zvoupfumi yacho nharaunda. Kostroma, rune vanhu mumakore achangodarika zvishoma kunowedzera, rinoreva "kukwegura" muguta.

Life anotarisirwa iri kuwedzera, vanofa kunodzikira, kubereka for madonhwe diki, uye evanhu vanoti mikana vari mukuru kunaka simba pamusoro paakati ichi mumakore anouya. Zvose pamusoro zvinoisa ndechokuti vajairira reshiyo iri kuwedzera. Nhasi, ose akagwinya mugari Kostroma anofanira kupa pekugara asi ini mumwe 0,4 murume. Uye kwenguva refu, uyu mutoro kuchawedzera. Rinotaurawo anovandudza mutoro chinokonzera ari mudyandigere, sezvo nhamba yevanhu pamusoro mudyandigere zera rimwe gore chete kuwedzera. Zvose izvi zvinosanganisira imwe zvoupfumi uye magariro matambudziko.

Economy Kostroma

The uwandu uye unhu hwevanhu ari chaizvo chaizvo kufurirwa zveupfumi zviratidzo. Kana vanhu vane yakatsiga mari uye kuvimbisa yeramangwana, ivo kazhinji kubereka vana. Kana vachigara zvakawanda, zvakanaka kuti adye, nani kurapwa uye kurarama kwenguva yakareba.

Kostroma, vanhu izvo zvishoma nezvishoma inokura, anogadza pacharo tisingabatanidzi maguta akawanda Russia vakawanda akatsiga maindasitiri. Pano anoshanda mafekitari kuti pagadzirwe motokari zvinoriumba, kufefetedza, simba okuponesa, kudziyisa, zvokutengeserana, Refrigeration michina. The guta kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka chikafu kubudiswa, kugadzira, Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Mumakore achangopfuura, kukura nokukurumidza toerisme maindasitiri, kuipa - basa. upfumi veguta nezvematambudziko akaoma pamwe mubhizimisi, kukura nzvimbo inokosha munzanga noutano, dzidzo uye tsika.

basa

Kuva basa kunokosha chaizvo kuti nharaunda yacho demography. Kostroma, vagari (nhamba vagari) iro kunowedzera uye upfumi akatsiga inoshanda, zvinobatsira chakasiyana maguta akawanda Russian zvishoma urovha. Zviri 0,8 chete%. Shanda muguta zvakakwana. Zvisinei, pane dambudziko pamwe nebasa yevashandi zvikuru vaikodzera. basa nzvimbo zvikurukuru kupa mabasa vashandi, asi vanhu vane dzidzo yepamusoro, kunyanya vakadzi pamusoro makore 30, zvakaoma kuwana mabasa mumunda mavo.