Kudeuka ngarava munyika. Kudeuka mafuta ngarava munyika

The ngarava iri kushandiswa mhando chikepe nhumbi inogona chakatorwa kuti zvomumvura uye rwizi nokuda pakutengeserana. Water senga inhoroondo ya kutakurwa hombe cargoes. The pakukura mutsara kwayo vanoonekwa yomugungwa supertankers, izvo zvisina chete kushandiswa zvokufambisa ramafuta, asiwo okuchengetera kwayo.

Rimwe zvikuru supertankers

Kudeuka ngarava munyika kwakatangwa kubva mumatanda muna 1976. In basa rayo muvambi yaiva kambani Royal Dutch Shell, uye ngarava pachayo yakanga zita Batillus. On pakuvaka mvura motokari yakanga inenge zvuru 70 matani simbi uye anenge $ mamiriyoni 130. Muna 1973, pakava dambudziko nyika mafuta, nokuda izvo mutengo mbishi zvinhu yakawedzera yekudyidzana. Izvi zvakaita kuti chinokosha zvinoderedza turnover. Company musiki ngarava aiva nechinangwa kumisa kuvakwa muchikepe, asi kondirakiti akasaina makore maviri asati ratanga kuvakwa, handina kumubvumira. Pakakoromoka urongwa akavimbisa zvinokosha mari. Panguva ino, chete mukwikwidzi mudziyo - guru chikepe munyika, kuti ngarava Knock Nevis.

Magadzirirwo Batillus mudziyo

Pakarepo mushure okuguma chikepe sezvarayirwa yavo shoma mwero chete: nokuti rakatangwa zvose 5 voli mugore. Kubvira 1982, mvura chokufambisa yakawanda nguva maturo vasina kuita, pane kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo. Muna 1982, muridzi chikepe akafunga kutengesa kuti chinyorwa pa mutengo $ 8 miriyoni. The ngarava yacho Murongerwo zvinosanganisira anenge 40 akazvimiririra tangi mhando, zvachose kukwanisa izvo zviri 677 300 cubic metres. Nokuda nokuda pamasikiro kuparadzana mudziyo mumaoko nezvikamu dzaigona kushandiswa kutakura panguva mhando zvakawanda Mahydrocarbon. Chirongwa kwakaderedza mukana tsaona uye mukana wokuti kusvibiswa munyanza. Loading namafuta ari kupfuura ngarava munyika yakanga pavaiita pombi zvina kukwanisa zviri vanenge 24.000 cubic metres paawa. The zvachose Kureba mudziyo akaenzana 414 metres uye deadweight (kureva yose vachikwanisa) hwaienzanirana 550 zviuru matani. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza haafaniri kupfuudza 16 change uye ndege nguva pasina refueling uye resupply mazuva 42. Maintenance kuyangarara patani nemana simba miti ukaparadza matani 330 peturu pazuva.

alternation zvizvarwa

Pashure Batillus pyatilopastevymi maviri injini uye 4 hwemvura turbine simba 64.800 horsepower waishandiswa senzira chitoro kubva 2004 uye akanga scrapped muna 2010, akatsiviwa Knock Nevis. Over nhoroondo yaro, Batillus akashandura akawandisa varidzi zvakachinja kakawanda zita rayo uye racherwa chinyorwa simbi chete zita Mont pasi mureza Sierra Leone. Chechipiri pakukura ngarava munyika - Knock Nevis, kuvakwa iyo, sezvakaita nowakautangira, rakapera muna 1976. rakakura kukura mudziyo Its vawana makore matatu gare gare, pashure pedutu. Somugumisiro ari mazuvaano pakati kwematangi pedyo 565 zviuru matani. Kureba ichiwedzerwa kusvika 460 metres. vanhu 40 - vashandi. Turbines injini ngarava inokwanisa aimhanya anosvika 13 change yose simba nokuda 50 zviuru horsepower.

Seawise Giant, kana nhoroondo mudziyo Knock Nevis

Kudeuka mafuta ngarava munyika, kuvakwa rakanga akatakurwa ari XX remakore, anonzi Seawise Giant. Kuvaka chikepe rakatanga pamberi zera panowanikwa kaviri decker kwematangi. Panguva iyoyo, rakasiyana mudziyo haako. Naye, maererano nenyanzvi, achakwanisa kukwikwidzana maguta chete kuyangarara chete dzimba, mahofisi uye kwakakwana kwezvivako zvirongwa kutanga kuonekwa nyanzvi. Kuvaka ngarava rakatanga muna 1976. Pakutanga, rakanga kundosangana deadweight matani 480,000, asi mushure kusauka rokutanga muridzi magnate Tung akasarudza kuwedzera pakukwanisa kwayo matani 564.763. The chikepe kwakatangwa muna 1981 uye chinangwa chawo chikuru ndechokuti kuendesa oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo kubva kusango muGulf of Mexico. Gare gare tranportiroval chikepe mafuta kubva Iran. Panguva imwe ndege kwave nemafashamo ari Gulf.

mashiripiti rumutsiriro

Kudeuka mafuta ngarava munyika inonzi Seawise Giant akamutswa kubva penyanza pasi pedyo Kharg chitsuwa muna 1988 ne shipyard Keppel Shipyard. The itsva muridzi ngarava ndiyo kambani Norman International, iyo yakawandisa kudzorerwa chikepe matani 3700 hwendarira. Akatodzorera ngarava vakachinja muridzi zvakare uye vakava kunzi Jahre Viking. Muna March 2004, muridzi kodzero maro zvaitambidzwa kambani First Olsen kwematangi, riri kukonzerwa guru zera kwezvinhu yayo akachinjwa mu FSO - Floating yakaoma, iro rinoshandiswa chete vachizvitakudza uye kuchengetera Mahydrocarbon vari shipyards pamusoro Dubai. Pashure gadziridzo ngarava akawana zita kugogodza Nevis, anozivikanwa pasi izvo sezvo zvechinguvana ngarava munyika. Mushure rokupedzisira renaming wechikepe sezvo FSO wakati towed mumvura kumunda Kuwait Al Hanshin.

The kukura ngarava Knock Nevis

Kudeuka ngarava munyika yainzi Knock Nevis. Akava yorudzii inogadzirwa muzvigadzirwa chimurenga. Sechikamu magadzirirwo rinoshandiswa longitudinal Hull girder hurongwa, uye zvose wedzera-dzi vaiva shure. Ndipo apo vanoungana kwematangi yemagetsi nomoto yakatanga kushandiswa. In siyana nguva ivepo yave kuzivikanwa sezvo ngarava Jahre Viking uye Happy Giant, Seawise Giant uye Knock Nevis. Its kureba 458,45 mamita. Nokuti Kuchinja chikepe inodiwa nzvimbo muna 2 km uye kubatsirwa norudo rakakwana. The transverse divi kuti 68,8 metres dzemvura chokufambisa, unoenderana noupamhi chitambe munda. Yokumusoro nechepamusoro chikepe nyore kutakura minda nhabvu 5.5. The ngarava rinobviswa zvikepe yaJanuary 1, 2010, sezvo akanga asina chete kukodzera mukwikwidzi, asi uyewo nyore Ringanidzo.

Kudeuka LNG ngarava munyika

Kudeuka Ngarava LNG ngarava anoonekwa kunzi neMoza wakange ishande vatengi yayo muna 2008. Munguva pakuvaka shipyard pakati Samsung zvaishandiswa Kuwait Gas Transport Company. Kwemakumi emakore matatu, LNG kwematangi pamwe vanokwanisa asingasviki 140,000 cubic metres kubva liquefied gasi. NeMoza Zirume akaputsa zvinyorwa zvose aine mwero inogona 266 zviuru cubic metres. Bhuku rino iri zvakakwana rekuona kuti yose zuva kupa kupisa uye magetsi rose nenharaunda yose England. Deadweight rinoenderana 125 600 matani. Its kureba 345, uye upamhi - 50 mamita. Draft - 12 mamita. Kure kubva keel kusvika Rori unoenderana kureba 20 storey skyscraper. The ngarava kuvakwa chokugadza akanga akapa gasi liquefaction, izvo waanodzikisira kuti chiutsi inokuvadza uye anongoda anobvisa mukana mutsaona, ichipa zana muzana kuchengeteka nhumbi. Zvinonzi aronga kuvakwa uye raparurwa vose 14 zvikepe zviri akatevedzana.

The Kudeuka kwematangi nokusingaperi

Kudeuka ngarava munyika - Chinese. Sezvo shanduko kumarudzi achinja uye mudziyo, iyo zvino scrapped, yakaramba munyika imwechete mavambo.

Designs ULCC Kirasi, uyo akakwanisa kusapfuudza mucherechedzo 500,000 dwt, pane 6 chete:

• Battilus pamwe deadweight 553,662. Nguva 1976-1985 pamwe nemakore.
• Bellamya pamwe deadweight pamusoro 553,662, Surf makungwa kubvira 1976 kusvika 1986.
• Pierre Guillaumat, kuvakwa muna 1977 uye decommissioned muna 1983.
• Esso Atlantic pamwe deadweight pamusoro 516,000 uye nguva okurarama kubva 1977 kusvika 2002.
• Esso Pacific (matani 516,000). Kushanda nguva - kubva 1977 kusvika 2002.
• Prairial (matani 554,974). Zvakagadzirirwa muna 1979, vakabviswa Flights muna 2003.