Sustainable pakukura mudunhu. Tarisiro okukura. mumagariro budiriro

Panguva ino, upfumi nyika iri kuenda yakaoma muitiro - kudyidzana. Its mugumisiro rava shanduko huru. Vakaita sei zvinenge sectors zvose National upfumi enyika dzakawanda. Muchiitiko chino, kuchinja zviri kuitika muzviitiko zvakawanda, kwatangwa, nezvimwewo zvisikwa zviri mberi. It dzimwe nguva inokanganisa yose sectors hwenyika imwe nyika, pakupedzisira kuunza irreparable kurasikirwa. Nezvenyaya iyi, masayendisiti munyika dzakawanda rave tasked kudzidza dzakawanda dzinotsanagura vakawanda pasi pose, iri zvakananga novimba pakukura nerimwe sangano mumusika yose.

Muitiro nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose

Modern yezvisikwa kufamba haagoni kuva akakodzera kupinda gadziriro yokungotaura zvirongwa aivapo kare, inobva kare munhau zvakaitika. At mwoyo hurongwa yaishandiswa kuisa pfungwa ane nguva uye inosvika emunhu. Kudyidzana nemitemo yayo inokosha dzakaratidza zvakajeka fallacy aya: Sustainable kukura uye kushanda upfumi nyika rine parinoperera finite zviwanikwa uye pezvakaitwa mabasa evanhu. Somugumisiro, itsva pfungwa kukura yose, zvinosanganisira chine nzira dzisina ezvinhu, kugadzirisa matambudziko munyika yose. The kurwisa urombo uye kubudirira pakati zvinakire yevagari nyika - ichi ndechimwe mikuru matambudziko kwenyika dzepasi pose, izvo zvinogona kuwanika chete kana mari kukura chavagari uye kuwedzera kunopindirana zvibereko mune mumwe nomumwe ezvinhu. In muitiro pazvinangwa unokosha basa zvachose akagadzirwa zvose kwokunze uye munyika zvinhu, zvakadai zvakatipoteredza uye ukama munzanga yevanhu. Chete kuruoko kusakarongeka vanhu munharaunda uye nzanga pamwe kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiita kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera zvinonyatsorehwa kuvandudzika parameters mune quantitative uye Qualitative mazwi.

Russia muna ano zvoupfumi

Pakaparara Soviet Union uye yezwi kumusika ukama , upfumi reRussia akamborara ndisingafungiri hombe, izvo haana kuzovazve nanhasi. To musi, zviri kusarudza yokusarudza nzira nokuda kwenguva yakareba, zvichienderana chichakurukurwa anofananidzira panzvimbo yayo yemberi munyika. Zvakakosha kupa kwakarurama tinyatsonzwisisa zvose yaibvira munyika uye kuona pokutangira nzvimbo iyo pakutanga achapiwa. Muchiitiko chino, rokuongorora basa uye nzvimbo Russia inokosha panyaya kutsiga upfumi hwayo, izvo zvaizoitawo vanofanira kutsvaka kurerutsa mari, kwakavakirwa vamwe nonrenewable zviwanikwa uye yokutsiva kwavo recoverable zvichidzika isingawanzowanikwi. Chinhu chinokosha pano ndiyo richengetedzwe nharaunda iri chete ezvinhu. In ezvinhu ano, apo mumaindasitiri dzakawanda mukugadzira midziyo vagara zvisingachashandi, zvinonyatsorehwa kuchinja mudzimai zvoupfumi zvinogoneka chete pakatanga itsva ruzivo. Kushandisa nzira itsva uye zvirongwa zvichaita Unganatsiridza uye uwandu mishonga. Izvi zvichaita pakupedzisira kutungamirira nokuwedzera kukwikwidzana mano mamiriro. ezvinhu ichi - mumwe pfungwa kutungamirira inogona kuenderera mberi pakati kumatunhu Russia iri mubishi wenyika dzepasi pose. Saka, zvose zviri kuchinja kuva nguva yokunyatsodzidza, pahwaro yavakange chichaitwa zvimwe zvinhu. Zvikuru munyika iyi ine pasocial remunharaunda kukura Fund. Kuwedzera mabasa kuvandudza upfumi basa ndima, kubatanidza mabasa zvainanga kuramba ane zvakakwana pamwero evanhu kudzivirira vagari. Social Regional Development Fund iri nyaya Chinonyanya kukosha anoisa chinhu kunyange kuparadzirwa simba uye mamiriro kutarisirwa yose nyika.

Kudyidzana mune mabhuku wepanguva

Modern upfumi dzidziso rakazvipira dambudziko kwenyika dzepasi pose, vazhinji mabasa. Zvisinei, munyika masayendisiti saka kure hapana pfungwa yakajeka kudyidzana, mumwe vanyori dzinobatanidzwa nyaya iyi, kunounza chinhu yavo, vachiisa kunzwisisa muitiro wavo. Masayendisiti kuzivikanwa anoverengeka hurongwa vari mubishi kwenyika dzepasi pose. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya mari nemauto, kurimwa maitiro uye mumusika mashoko dzemuchina dzakaitawo. Vaongorori aizivawo simba mafungiro kudyidzana pamusoro nzanga yenyika yose. Saka, nokuda computerization kwenzanga blurs miganhu pamisika yemari, zvinova nyore kufamba guta, upfumi weboka mamiriro anova ndokunge.

Nematambudziko nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose

Kuti munguva kudyidzana muitiro zvakazara, unofanira kuongorora zvose chimiro chinoratidza pacharo. Kuti aite izvi, danho rokutanga iri patsanura vakawanda dambudziko, ndiko kuparadzira matambudziko chaiwo mamwe mapoka, izvo mune ramangwana zvichaita kunzwisisa hurongwa - kwehurongwa remunharaunda kukura. With nzira iyi kusvikira kupatsanura nyore kugadzirisa dambudziko yokungotaura kunzwisisa uye kuwana nzira yokugadzirisa. In ichi kuparadzana matambudziko mumapoka haisi chinangwa chikuru. Uyu unongova mumwe anokosha zvikamu misoro yokusvika matambudziko. nzira iyi inoratidza kururama kwemashoko zvinangwa kuziva chikuru kukurukurirana nzira kumisa Synergies uye kuziva nyaya yose, ari kudzidza izvo zvinofanira kuitika panzvimbo yokutanga. Mukuwedzera, dambudziko classifying uye kufungisisa yakawiriranwa simba akaumba kwokupedzisira kutevedzana matanho anoshanda kuti basa. Ashandiswa classifying hwatsvuka dambudziko nevakawanda mumatanho, apo Danho nechimwe tsvakurudzo vari kuva uwane uye zvakarurama. Saka zvakajeka kuva kuonekwa zvinhu zviri remunharaunda kukura.

mabhuku Modern uyewo haripi inonzwisisika nhungamiro pamusoro yokuronga patsva nevakawanda yakatarwa matambudziko mumapoka. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kutsanangura kwacho. Somugumisiro, basa chero dambudziko chero chaiyo boka iri chaizvo kwakajairika. Panyaya iyi, iyo nzira sokuparadza muzvikwata harioneki sezvinoita chete wechokwadi, asi somumwe mashoma, migumisiro iyo inofanira kuteerera. Zvinobatsira kunzwisisa yezvakaita kwaita pose nyaya nani uye kuti kuisa ukama hwavo zvemukati pamwe chete. Izvi vanofanira kukugoverai nhamba kupinda subgroups yakafanira zvikurukuru shoma dzevanhu vachikwanisa, nemhaka iyo vanhu havagoni pakarepo kurarama yose yezvisikwa basa.

Nyaya zvoupfumi

Sustainable Kugadzirwa nharaunda anonyanya dzinoratidzwa ukama pakati kugadzirwa uye guru. In ichi chine chokuita management ndiko kuwedzera ose gore simba pamusoro zvakawanda vanotongwa. Panyaya iyi, pane kuramba kukura wezvokutengeserana ukama pakati pamusika vatambi mumunda wezvokutengeserana ukama uye mabasa. Sechivako upfumi nharaunda zvinosanganisira akawanda zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, zvinosanganisira:

- kusimbisa kudyidzana pakati pamusika nyaya yekudyidzana netarisiro kuwedzera kugadzirwa;

- paakasika nemakambani;

- Kugara kufambira guta kubva upfumi mumwe nyaya mune imwe upfumi pamwe mari kutendeuka;

- redistribution wezvokutengeserana uye Rwako zvemari pakati musika vechikamu.

Single zvoupfumi munyika ino ine rakananga kukanganisa nhamba mapoka mukati iyoyo, imwe neimwe ine yayo kukanganisa kwenyika GDP. Pakupedzisira, vazhinji kutengeserana munyika ane urongwa mabasa uye kupanana zvigadzirwa (mbishi zvinhu) pakati sectors. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndiwo ukama pakati Kunyanya kukura pamisika masangano, izvo chakaita kuti anopfuura 60% yose nyika kutengeserana. Panguva iyo vanhu masangano aya idukusa 20% vepasi. Zviri mumiririri akakurumbira EU, iro 70% of zvachose kutengeswa turnover inowira kutengeserana pakati Union mapati.

Makambani uye zvikwereti nemasangano

Chikuru muupenyu youpfumi hwanhasi ndiro pasi pose guru. Under izvi ezvinhu, State nerimwe uchiita munyika zvoupfumi, zvinokosha kushanda pamwe nemakambani kuita kakawanda semurume nemukadzi vakaenzana. Muchiitiko chino, makambani vanokwanisa kushanda kuchikosha simba pamusoro munyika yose zvoupfumi utariri zvavo. Panyaya iyi, national hurumende iri kumusoro pamwero vanomanikidzwa kugumisa navo siyana zvoupfumi zvibvumirano. Pakadaro, kurudziro yakasimba kuti kukura kwakanga mumusika kuti chikwereti guru. It rotanga kudiwa kusika akananga zvokutengeserana platforms iro mukweretesi mabhanga iri imwe nyika uye kushanda mari yacho, vanogona kupa zvikwereti kana deposits haina National mari. Zvisinei, kwacho vari handichagarizve mutemo munyika. In anomukweretesa pamusika pane inotevera: hakungoitwi mitemo yenyika, misika ava munhu yemakwikwi zvinobatsira nokuda unregulated kufarira prices. Izvi pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kuwedzera pamusoro zvikwereti pfuma upfumi hwenyika uye yekudyidzana nyore kupinda pakazopera User kwavari. Izviwo, rwave chinokosha kwakabatsira evanhu kukura.

The itsva Kugadzirwa nharaunda

In nyika yedu, sezvo zvakacherechedzwa kumusoro, chikuru pokutanga kuvandudza hupfumi basa ndiko kutanga zviitiko itsva zvose nzvimbo nebasa vemo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvigoni kuitwa varayirwa kumusoro. Panyaya iyi, mumwe mukuru kuedzesera yokupedza chinetso ichi kwakapiwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, izvo zvinozoita vanofanira kuisa pokutanga zvakakodzera kwavo zvakananga mabasa. In padariro rokutanga nzira kukura nharaunda chinosanganisira kwezvisikwa akanaka ezvinhu ari mundima pasi pavo nokuti kukura kugadzirwa uye mabhizimisi mabasa, kupa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda inivhesitimendi. Zvakakosha kupindura nokukurumidza zvachinjwa kuitika pasi rose. Zvinofanira kugara aongorore mabasa, nechinangwa panguva inogona kuenderera mberi pakati nharaunda, nzira uye nzira yekuwana pavo. Not mudukusa muchinangwa muitiro vachiridza zvepanyama zviri mundima. Vanonzi kuti vaongorori kuongorora tarisiro kukura Russia. Nokuti zviri nani kushandisa inogona ndima kwacho kwaisanganisirawo mamiriro, yakasimbiswa pamusoro mamiriro yakati mutemo. Kubatanidzwa iyi iri kuitwa kukwezva kuenzana guru uye kwevanhu zvinhu zviri zvikuru zvinofadza kubva zvoupfumi pfungwa maonero muzvirongwa. Pamunenge muchikurukura tarisiro Russia Zvakakosha kuwana nzira kuramba ari yepamusorosoro Mazinga. Vachitaura nyaya idzi anonzi imwe kukoshesa munyika yanhasi. Chete kuburikidza Integrated yokutaura kuti kurapa ehurumende uye nemakanzuru masimba mukana Qualitative uye kukwikwidzana zvoupfumi weRussia. Izvi zvinoda kutanga zvitsva itsva nzira zvose yaivapo mapazi operative uye itsva, zviri kuziviswa munharaunda yacho. Kazhinji, ndiko kugona kutsanya okusuma michina ano kuvimba makwikwi uye inogona kuenderera mberi pakati nharaunda.

Associations ose pamusika vechikamu mukati yechinangwa nyaya

A aitungamirira basa iri kuzadzika kwezvinhu achikwakuka mumwe nomumwe pamusika vatambi mhiri kukwanisa ibatane uye mushandirapamwe zvose rakamiswa munharaunda, masangano uye mabhizimisi. Chete kune akwirwe mune rimwe rwokugadzira muitiro Mazinga zvose zvinogona kusika yepamusoro zvemakwikwi chigadzirwa. Panguva iyoyowo ane ushamwari hwakadaro kunofanira zviri pamutemo ne romunharaunda (state) zviremera. Imwe mhando kuzivikanwa ndiro Regional Development Fund, sezvo anotenderwa panguva mamiriro pamwero. Chinosanganisira zvido wekuongorora: hurumende, mari masangano, maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye dzimwe vatambi kubva pamusika macho. Panyaya iyi, iyo kushanda yokupedzisira kugadzirwa achaenderana makwikwi mishonga iri yepamusorosoro zvokutengeserana papuratifomu, izvo zvichaita kuti wakapindwa asina mumwe makambani uye yose zvivako yesayenzi uye neshamwari. Nokuti kukura uye okusuma zvigadzirwa zvitsva ose ezvinhu vachange vakasikwa iyi: rubatsiro rwemari uye mumaindasitiri chawo, icho pakupedzisira kuchatungamirira achisimbisa nzvimbo imwe nzvimbo, uye kuvandudza upfumi kukura Russia rose. Nhengo kushamwaridzana kunoenderana mu siyana zvibvumirano maonero. Vanotora zvinoverengeka wazvipira, pamwe chete batanidza mabasa avo nemauto zvemari, mune nokure mari yokutengesa uye vanoverengeka dzimwe nzvimbo management. Hazvina kuramba pasina kuteerera uye munzanga kwemashoko mudunhu. Kubatanidzwa kwomubatanidzwa uyu yokuzvidira, chikuru chinangwa imwe neimwe yeboka kuti maximize purofiti. Pokugadzwa uye kushanda mumapoka akadaro mukati nebhizimisi sangano ambotirega munda painlessly kune muenzaniso kuzvitutumadza yakatsiga kusimudzira nharaunda, zvichibva zvakagadzirwa kwakamboitwa yakasiyana-siyana kwendangariro.

musika makwikwi

Makwikwi mumwe kiyi pfungwa rondedzero pamusika ukama. Chete mumamiriro ezvinhu rusununguko wezvokutengeserana makwikwi hurongwa angatanga zvakanaka. Makwikwi ane zvakasikwa chishandiso Pakusarudza uwandu musika vechikamu bhuku rive uye mitengo. The chinangwa chikuru ipi kambani kuti maximize purofiti. Kuti aite izvi pachena makwikwi mumwe nomumwe mugadziri anofanira kuva chinhu kurova vorongerwa dzavo. Pano, kuti "makwikwi" chinhu chinokosha pamusoro musika mashandiro, rinopa zvinobetsera pamwe ari mugadziri-mutengi, uyewo kushandisa kutengesa guru. Apo kukwikwidzana kugadzirwa neimwe entrepreneur nezvokubhadharwa kwete chete pamusoro yokuderedza mari, asi kuti tiwedzere uye tinatsiridze goho. izvi zvose nechinangwa kuvandudza zvechadenga nenhumbi, vasanyanye mitengo yayo uye, naizvozvo, zvikomborero nevamwe vagadziri. Panyaya iyi, kuti makwikwi anoshumira dzinokurudzira chinhu zvoupfumi mberi. Somugumisiro Pakusuma michina mitsva, kuwedzera kuwanda nenhumbi uye mabasa, akaderedza mutengo uye akavandudzika unhu.

makwikwi mabasa

The chikuru mashandiro anoita makwikwi vari:

- ritaure zvinodiwa nomumwe mugadziri magumo-mushandisi (panyaya apo kambani rinova uncompetitive, zvigadzirwa zvayo havawani kuguma mutengi uye mabasa okuwana kwenhumbi rinomira);

- dzinongoitika vakasarudzwa pakati vaburitsi (iyi zvebhizimisi pamwe anodhura kana substandard zvinhu kubva pamusika);

- kukanganisa kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda kwayo;

- nezvainoita redistribution kwokutanga pfuma;

- mutemo kumusika mutengo pamwero kwenhumbi uye mabasa.

Not mudukusa muchinangwa makwikwi ose maindasitiri kwemauto rine nguva apo chirongwa kugadzirwa hwaro. Conditionally inogona rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina:

1. Kupinda chigadzirwa itsva. Panguva iyi, pane zvishoma nhumbi, mutengo huri kumusoro ichienzaniswa yakafanana (kana iripo).

2. Growth Step. Ko kuwedzera mukurima vhoriyamu nokuda wakawedzera vade, mubhadharo pamwero zvikaramba.

3. padanho vakura. Vhoriyamu okuwana runosvika yepamusorosoro, ipapo panozouya donhwe kudiwa nokuda oversupply kwenhumbi pamisika, somugumisiro makwikwi pane kuwa muna mitengo.

4. Danho obsolescence. Kudiwa zvigadzirwa iri shoma wayo, akaderedza kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu, padanho makwikwi ruchigona zero, pamusika pane zvakawanda dzichipfekeka analogs, unorema chigadzirwa rinobviswa kugadzirwa.