Kuchinja Cathedral muna Chernigov: kare, mapikicha uye wongororo

Panguva mwoyo peguta, pamusoro nomubato Chernigov, rakaisvonaka chando-chena temberi. Ari korona domes shanu uye shongwe yacho conical chimiro. Ichi yakasiyana Monument yamavambo regumi remakore - chitarisiko Cathedral iri Chernigov.

dzinonakidza mazuva

Kwenguva refu, kereke Orthodox ndiyo dangwe pakati zvakafanana hurongwa kubvira dzoumambo nguva. Chokwadi, yaiva mubvunzo vaya vakapukunyuka. Zvisinei, zvichangobva netsvakurudzo kuti mukuru ndiye St. Sophia Cathedral, ane mudonzvo shure muna 2010 yakataura kuti ekupedzisira rakaumbwa muna 1011. Sezvo uchapupu vakauya zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro pamasvingo aro. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro iyi ichiri asina chigaro chose, asi vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti gore apo chitarisiko Cathedral iri chernihiv rakaumbwa - 1036-ndipo.

History chokusika

Muna 1024 yakakurumbira Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry aikunda refu internecine hondo uye yakatanga kukura zvikuru uridzi kwayo. nyika yake akatambanudza kubva Sivershchyna kusvika North eCaucasus. Panguva ino mundima Dneshnego Castle Detintsa kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, akatanga kuvaka dare muchinda guru chaizvo kuti. kunzwisisa ichi chaiva musimboti nemamiriro ndiye Kuchinja Cathedral iri Chernigov, ane nhoroondo iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo Kievan Rus.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mugore iroro rayo muvambi akafa. Panguva rufu rwake, masvingo etemberi, sezvinoratidzwa venhoroondo, vakanga vatova akamutsa kuti kukwirira mamita mana.

Konekwa kare paitonga Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, yakanaka kwazvo Kuchinja Cathedral muna chernihiv aiva chikuru neKijuni nyika. Zviri pano kuti akaramba isingawanzowanikwi chishamiso-kushanda mifananidzo yakawanda, zvisaririra zvevasande.

Pakafa Prince Akashinga, muvambi waro, kubva pakuvaka Church akabvisa zvose vatenzi. Ivo muAtlantic yavakwa kereke St. Novgorod Sofia. Naizvozvo, akapedza Kuchinja Cathedral iri chernihiv akanga chete pakati regumi remakore.

ukoshi

Nokuti anoda mapfumbamwe emakore zvakanga Cathedral yokwaanogara diocese. Akanga sechinhu nepakati paruzhinji uye nemagariro upenyu. Under namaberere aro vakavigwa vakawanda amachinda tenzi yezvokunamata. Pano zvisaririra Prince Mstislav ari AKASHINGA uye Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych navanakomana vake Oleg uye Gleb. Muna 1246 pano Vakaurawa tsvene Michael uye Fedor vakavigwa. Zvisinei, muna 1572-m, kubudikidza zvarayirwa Ivan anotyisa, vanogona kunge zvifambiswe kuMoscow.

Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti izvi ndiko akavigwa Prince Igor - gamba kuti "The zvakaedza Igor kuti Campaign". Akatonga Chernigov kubva 1198 ndipo kusvika 1201-fung makore. Pano vari Vakaviga hierarchs yekwataigara diocese Lazar Baranavichy uye Ambrose Dubkevich. Munguva Russia yekare muna Cathedral ndechimwe chezvinhu, zvichida, airemekedzwa nezvidhori Russia - Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari, kana Hodegetria. Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakati Vladimir Monomakh akatamira neKijuni kuna Smolensk.

General maonero

Kuchinja Cathedral muna Chernigov, iyo inoratidza chirongwa guru zvinokwana tsaru zvinodiwa Russian - 18,25h27 metres --petemberi matatu chivako pamwe apses matatu uye nematanda matanhatu, vakavakazve kakawanda. Mugore rechigumi nemasere uye nepfumbamwe emakore Somuenzaniso, ane shongwe vaviri overbuilt. Uye chete pashure kuti chitarisiko Cathedral iri chernihiv akamuka aripo chimiro.

kumativi mukomberedzo of France zvikuru kunzwisisa yakashongedzwa masonry yakavakwa nezvidhinha chakavigwa pedyo. Decorated pilasters yepakutanga, sezvamakaropafadzwa rokutanga weDanho - kushanda sandara, asi rechipiri - zvakaumbwa.

Spatial nokuronga, unova Kuchinja Cathedral iri Chernigov (Photo akachiunza musha mumwe nomumwe, kuuya kuguta), zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe. mamiriro ichi yepakutanga haana akadzadzwa chero temberi vekare.

The Kucherwa yakaratidza kuti pamakona wokumabvazuva huru chivako vakawedzerwa imwe chapero duku, vakasaita akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi. Uye nhasi, chitarisiko Cathedral iri Chernigov, Photo inova uchapupu mutengo pasina pavo.

Not akachengetedzwa kumativi shongwe uye yakabatana rwokumusoro peberere. Iye akatungamirira kubva maberere manera. Uye kubva kumaodzanyemba pakutanga akanga dzakabatanidzwa trehapsidny chechi shoma, yaiva yorubhabhatidzo. Uyezve, kana muna 1239 ari Cathedral panguva nechisimba Tatars rakapotsa kuparadzwa, rawa namaberere uye domes.

Mapurani mhinduro

Chitarisiko Cathedral muna Chernigov nemanyorero riri remubatanidzwa wenyika redunhu muchinjikwa rising Byzantine temberi zvimwe zvinhu dzorudo Basilica zvikuru yakanaka. Mukuita rokuvaka tenzi akashandisa mabikirwo yakavhenganiswa masonry. Panguva iyoyo ine plinth nokuda Old Russian mapurani ndiwo maitiro dzakaonda chinopiswa zvidhina - dzinongoitika ibwe yaishandiswa. Architects vakambodzidza musimboti uye kuvakwa zvigadzirwa, vachiyemura akacherechedza kuti kugadzirisa rinovaka pamusoro Church zvakajeka zvinoshamisa, anenge akakwana.

The kushanda nguva

Kweanenge makore chiuru nhoroondo iyi nemagariro Monument yekare vakaidzwa kuparadzwa zhinji uye pedutu. Mumakore apo Chernigov muna 1239 rakatorwa neuto Khan Mangu, kuti Church kwave kuchiita zvaibiwa kwakaenderera wakakwana. Maererano nengano, zvinonzi akavharwa pano, kuzvidzivirira, okupedzisira kutsigira muguta rawa. Defence akatungamirira Chernigov Prince Mstislav. Mukadzi wake kuti arege kuwira mumaoko muvengi, akasvetukira kubva mahwindo tsvuku shongwe yacho Church.

Episcopal anoona akakurudzirwa kubva Chernigov muguta Bryansk. Yakanga chete muna 1675 - apo Archbishop Razaro Baranovichi - akatanga kuitwa pedutu basa. Zvino overbuilt apse.

vakiridzo

Zvichitevera kumbonyatsoongorora nokubatanidzwazve chechi kuitwa 1791-1798 ukuwo, pashure moto, kana chivako payakarovera zvikuru. Rakanga panguva ino, Pamifananidzo dzakawanda okuberekwa Russian vakarasika.

Venhoroondo akanyora kuti muna 1783-M chernihiv akanga achipfuura Potemkin, uyo chaizvo Church iyi. Somugumisiro chikumbiro chake pakugadzira kwave dzinounzwa mari yakakwana. Zvisinei, zvinosuwisa kuti kugadzirisa kupfuura kukuvadzwa temberi. Zvakakonzera kukuvadza kwakadaro vakakoniwa kunyange kuisa zvose kuparadzwa yapfuura.

Zvadaro musi mumwe parutivi Cathedral of shongwe maviri rwakavakwa akawedzerwa. Izvi kwaiva kupa church imwe kufanana nechechi. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoshumira se echinhu chairatidza nguva.

mukati

Mukati menyika Cathedral vainzwa yakatarwa uye kunyatsoomerera mubatanidzwa verticals pamwe horizontals. Zvikurukuru munokosha nezve vari zvinoera vekare vakadai Pamifananidzo uye reliefs pamusoro parapets choruses uye pakutanga akaisa mbiru. Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete vose vakararama Mongol temberi kushongedzwa akasara, uye chii akauya kwatiri, vakaponeswa zvezvinyorwa anotarisa nani. The chikuru Chikamu mukati mifananidzo nomoto pakati pezana-nemasere remakore.

Famous tuore "Kuenzana kuvaapositori Thecla" akabviswa munzvimbo 30-ies pakati Bolsheviks, uye ipapo yakaparadzwa panguva Second World War. The yasara shoma, asi chaizvo yekare mifananidzo mavara kumira panze pasi zvakaoma kuona mufananidzo navapfumbamwe Pamifananidzo remakore. Zvakaratidza kuti mukati menyika Church yakanga kuzodzosera kupendwa muna 1820-m, nehafu remakore gare gare achiudza. Zvakanga akabva auraya vanodhirowa yekare.

Somugumisiro kuferefeta mukati Church residual zvidimbu pasi pazvakawanikwa, akaita panguva dzakasiyana. Original bemhapemha yaiva maslate, umo mufanidzo akanga midzi vakazadzwa waMosesi. Imwe yacho huru zvinhu zviri concentric yeChina. Pakutanga, nearitari mukati pasi rakanga rwakagadzirira pamwe zvedongo glazed usina kukonekita. Zvisinei, muna wegumi remakore nayo chikatsiviwa kwakanaka pabhodhi zvinogumbura. Of Kunyanya kukosha tsika uye nhoroondo zvinhu vane pabhodhi reliefs pamusoro rumhanda choirs.

Mukati menyika elongated kamuri zvakakwana rinobatanidza pamwe mubhedha yomukati arcades kuti kubhururuka kupinda nzvimbo muchadenga. Mumazana kureba kwavo pakutanga akashongedzerwa emapuranga shop nokuti kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba kwaya. Ivo hunowedzera chinjikira weboka zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa. arcades ava kupfuura yo Byzantine mavakirwo yaitonga. Zvisinei, vari kashoma pamazuva Kievan Rus. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu maitiro features, riri inozivikanwa Kuchinja Cathedral muna Chernigov, iyo ukuru hwake zvipfeko haana kumbobvuma throned machechi akakurumbira.

Features

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vavaki temberi akadzokorora kuna pamwero Zano zvegumi Church - wokutanga ibwe chechi Old Russian mamiriro. Uyezve, yakanga hwaratidza kuti nyanzvi dzokugadzira akasika Cathedral iri Chernigov uye Kiev Sophia, vaiva nhengo Byzantine purazi.

It kare aripo nezvetsika yekare temberi akaturikwa petsanga pakati nevanozvitsigira veguta racho. Kubva muzana remakore rapfuura vari hwakaratidza pano uye Cossack mireza uye mireza navasere Chernigov nevarwi munguva yehondo pamwe Napoleon , uye gumi kubva Crimean War.

dzinoyera

Muna sacristy ichiri anoramba chaizvo minamato zvinhu. Vamwe vavo yezvipo nokuda vagari yeChechi uye kunokosha zvikuru. Pakati pavo, iyo mari Vhangeri - rakasiyana nhindi basa, izvo wakamutsa mufananidzo.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti atari yaiva sirivha-gilt Tiered sarcophagus yairema gumi makirogiramu. Paaigara Chernigov muna 1787 Empress Catherine II akapa kereke hwekare muchinjikwa mukatorike uye cheya, uyewo zhinji nguvo yekare.

Huru dzinoyera dziri kuchengeta pano kusvikira 1917, vaiva zvisaririra Metropolitan Constantine uye Prince Igor Olgovich. Vakanga vakavigwa pamadziro etemberi. Uyezve, akarambawo zvisaririra St. Theodosius uye Uglich - Bhishopi Mukuru Chernigov, izvo akarara rakazaruka yesirivha reliquary, rairema anenge maviri makirogiramu.

Paro zvitoro uye ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo vairemekedza mifananidzo iri chernihiv dunhu - Amai vaMwari Ripkinskoy. Asi zvikuru akakurumbira anonzi Protectress. Munguva Kievan Rus rutumba uyu Mutsvene Kuchinja Cathedral muna Chernigov akauyisa mwanasikana naMambo Constantine, uyo akanga akaroorwa Prince Vsevolod. Akazvarwa muwanano ichi pamwe Vladimir Monomakh muna 1097 ari gavhuna Smolensk, kwaakanga temberi. Ndapedza nayo, akazotamira icon kubva Chernigov. Uye kubva ipapo akatanga kudana Smolensk. Zvinonzi nokuda kwake Batu Khan muna 1239 kukwanisa kutora guta.

nhasi tembere

Kubvira ivepo, chitarisiko Cathedral iri Chernigov, purogiramu mabasa izvo nhasi vanoziva zvose vomuchechi, yaiva panzvimbo vairemekedza kwete chete nyore vaKristu munhuwo, asi machinda dzemhuri youmambo kuti akatonga Russian Empire, kana chimiro chayo ichiri yakanga rutivi rweUkraine. Temberi ndohwaJehovha kuchengetedzwa tsika uye nhoroondo sezvivako. Kudzidza nhoroondo uye mapurani ayo zvinhu mberi kusvikira ichangopfuura. Iye zvino, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral chinoshanda uye waidzivirira neHurumende, chikamu enhoroondo paka rinonzi "Ancient chernihiv".