Business, Strategic kuronga
Kwesangano nemamiriro zvebhizimisi - muenzaniso. Zvinoitwa musangano mamiriro
The Implementation zvirongwa uye zvirongwa zvinoitwa pakuvaka mamiriro nesangano zvinobudirira kunogona kutungamirira vagari mabasa yevashandi kuburikidza yakakodzera yavaive mabasa, kodzero uye mabasa. Business Kutarisira vanofanira kusarudza mamiriro yesangano unoenderana yacho inokosha zvirongwa uye zvinopa zvinobudirira kusakarongeka pamwe zvakatipoteredza uye vabudirire rakati zvinangwa.
Zvinoitwa musangano mamiriro
Mukutonga nesangano mamiriro zvinonzwisiswa yakarongwa schema kuti vakakamurwa dzikarongwa uye chikwata basa mabasa.
Mamirire mamiriro kwesangano kunosanganisira nhanhatu zvinokosha:
- specialization basa mabasa;
- departamentalizatsiyu;
- hochekoche murayiro;
- hwamazuva kuzvidzora (kuyerwa maererano kunonyanyisa nhamba omurume musoro mumwe);
- centralization uye decentralization;
- formalization.
Traditional Nzira kuti departamentalizatsii
Specialization mabasa ari kugovera zvachose Vhoriyamu nomumwe zvinhu uye / kana matanho uye asunga ari Implementation nomushandi ane nhete-siyana mabasa, akavhiyiwa kana maitirwo acho. Kusvika, pahwaro iyo zvino nomumwe basa mabasa dzikarongwa, ainzi departamentalizatsii. Pane shanu nzira kuti paumbwe musangano mamiriro :
1. dzichipfekeka kusvika ndechokuti boka mabasa uye kushandiswa nenyanzvi ari dhipatimendi rinoitwa zvakafanira mabasa uye zvinodiwa - injiniya dhipatimendi, ndizvidavirire yokutengesa, kugadzirwa (Figure 1).
Muonde. 1. Kwesangano nemamiriro zvebhizimisi; muenzaniso dzichipfekeka mamiriro
2. Kana kuuya divisional hwaro chokusika self contained zviumbu ndiyo zvakafanana. zvigadzirwa uye akazivisa zvirongwa kana nenzvimbo zvazvinoita chinhu (Fig. 2).
Muonde. 2. Kwesangano nemamiriro zvebhizimisi; nyaya imwe divisional mamiriro
3. Matrix nzira ine iri coexistence pamusoro divisional uye dzichipfekeka murayiro cheni, iyo mharadzano izvo pane cheni kaviri kuzviisa pasi; mudonzvo panguva imwecheteyo mushumo vaviri pakarepo nevatungamiri - purojekiti maneja kana chigadzirwa kukura kana Implementation izvo vanobatanidzwa, uye musoro kushanda wedhipatimendi (Fig. 3).
Muonde. 3. Kwesangano nemamiriro zvebhizimisi; nyaya chizvaro mamiriro
The mamiriro mutsva kambani
Pakati "mutsva" zvikuru kuchinja uye adaptive kushandisa nzira iyi kusvikira paumbwe mamiriro:
- The chikwata nzira inoshandiswa kuronga kuurayiwa chaizvo mabasa. chikwata siyana zvinogona akasika kutungamirira mabasa huru madhipatimendi.
- Kana samambure nzira, sangano "zvibvumirano", ane kutungamirira basa uye anokosha woiisa anopindura bhuroka, ane basa riri kuramba tichibatsirwa telecommunication michina ukama nevamwe madhipatimendi. Madhipatimendi anogona inoona nezvenjodzi akapararira pasi pose, mabasa avo akazvimiririra hunhu, bhuroka basa uye muripo anobva chibvumirano pamwe purofiti. vanoronga kwakadaro nesangano mamiriro kunooneka Fig. 4.
Figure 4. Pomumbure nemamiriro sangano
Zvinhu kufurira kusarudza mamiriro
The kusarudza nesangano mamiriro zvinokonzerwa zhinji ezvinhu zvinhu, zvose mukati sangano uye kunze kwayo; kutambudzwa zvemabhizimisi, ayo specificity, ukuru mufambo kwezvakatipoteredza, ivo zvechadenga bhizimisi iri anoshanda kambani, uye vamwe.
Zvakanakira nekuipira adaptive uye bureaucratic ezvirevo
Pakati bureaucratic zvivako, izvo zvinonziwo hierarchical zvinosanganisira Linear, chadzo, divisional, uye vamwe. Pakati adaptive (Organic) secrete chizvaro zvivako, chirongwa, network, uye vamwe. The maitiro zviri zvivako izvi nesangano kuratidzwa Table 1.
Table 1. Zvakanakira nekuipira bureaucratic uye adaptive musangano hurongwa
| matanho eukuru | Adaptive mamiriro | |
| Goodies | • Itai kubatana zvakajeka pakati pasi uye Vakuru • Full kudzora pasi • Rapid Kupindura dambudziko ezvinhu | • Zvinobudirira kurudziro • A mukuru azvipire yokuzvipira • Initiative mudonzvo • Quick kuchinjana mashoko pakati vashandi dzakasiyana siyana |
| nezvayakaipira | • Slow inofamba ruzivo • Low pamwero kuzvipira • Kushaya zvokuita mudonzvo • Simba hondo | • Mukana pamusoro ungovernability • kuoma kuwana vashandi vanokodzera |
Yose zvayo, kwesangano nemamiriro kambani (somuenzaniso - bureaucratic marongerwo) nani unoenderana makambani kushanda mudanga rokunze ezvinhu, uye Organic - yemakambani kumanikidzwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu kuti vari kuchinja chaizvo kutsanya.
Okufananidza zvechadenga musangano hurongwa
Kwesangano nemamiriro kambani, zvichienderana zvinhu pakurigadzira, ane vakasiyana zvakanakira nekuipira izvo zvinoratidzwa tafura 2.
Table 2. Okufananidza zvechadenga musangano hurongwa
| zita | tsananguro | zvakwakanakira | kurambidzwa |
| Linear | Kwesangano nemamiriro zvebhizimisi iri vakasikwa kuchinjwa mabasa uye masimba musoro somuranda uye saka ari murayiro cheni. In ichi chimiro hierarchical kudzora nhanho | Simplicity uye nyore kudzora | Maneja chero chinzvimbo anofanira akwanise uye vanobudirira kuita chero administrative mabasa. Zvinobudirira utariri anokosha akasiyana-siyana uye munharaunda yakakura mapazi basa hazviiti |
| The Staff | The sangano akamisa padzimbahwe (administrative mudonzvo). Nyanzvi zvaisanganisira ayo sezvamunoita (semuenzaniso, magweta, nyanzvi patsvimbo kudzidzisa uye kukura, etc.), aite yokubvunza pamusoro mamaneja uye mutsetse mamaneja | Kuderedza zvinodiwa mutsetse mamaneja uye kuti zviite basa ravo | muenzaniso uyu nesangano mamiriro kunoratidzwa nokusanzwisisa, kana masimba kuduku Staff |
| dzichipfekeka | Nokuti munhu anokwana zviyero (kugadzirwa, Sales, yokutengesa, mari, etc.) zvakajeka enshrines vamwe utariri mashandiro, mabasa uye mabasa | Optimization mabasa neimwe dzichipfekeka munharaunda. It zvinonyatsoshanda kana chigadzirwa siyana achiri kugara uye sangano akasarudza kunyanya chete mhando management mabasa | Hapana vezvikwata rose haafariri kugona zvinangwa yesangano, chinokurwadzai kurwisana pakati madhipatimendi. Nematambudziko mukugadzirwa ane vashandi kuchengetera mukuru nokuda specialization ose pakati mamaneja. The anononoka kupindura kuchinja zvekunze zvakatipoteredza |
| divisional | Kuparadzana sangano mukati vezvikwata kubudikidza mhando kwenhumbi kana mabasa, mapoka mutengi kana kumatunhu | Zvinobudirira chivako guru, inoona nezvenjodzi vakapararira makambani ane zvakawanda zvinhu kana mabasa. Kunoitawo kuti pfungwa dzakananga zvinhu (mabasa), mapoka nevatengi kana kumatunhu. Vanobvuma kurumidza kuchinja zvemichina, mutengi kudiwa uye makwikwi mamiriro | Kuwedzera mari chokuita kuburitsa mufananidzo basa (kusanganisira executable dzichipfekeka dzakabatana) mumapoka akasiyana |
| patani | A kwekanguva mamiriro akasikwa kugadzirisa yakananga dambudziko, shoma nguva. Inotungamirirwa purojekiti maneja uyo pasi chikwata vanachiremba vari nhaka anodiwa zvinhu | vashandi All kuedza dzakanangana nekugadzirisa imwe dambudziko | Hazvibviri kupa zvizere kana inosimbiswa basa evakurukuri chirongwa yangopedzwa. Nezvinetso kuzara murayiro uye upfumi yavaive |
| chizvaro | The sangano yakakamurwa kuva chizvaro mamiriro (kazhinji - dzichipfekeka) zviyero, pamwe yakatarwa chirongwa mamaneja kuti vari omurume mukuru utariri. Pakutevedzera chirongwa mamaneja kuti vanomboenda anotarisira mabasa vashandi vane dzichipfekeka mapoka. In zvose zviri chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa basa mabasa, vashandi ava omurume vakuru madhipatimendi dzavo | Mukana wokushandiswa uye kumhanya kupindura kuchinja kwokunze zvakatipoteredza. Mukana nokukurumidza reallocation mari | Kutyora nheyo kubatana murayiro nokuda kaviri kuzviisa pasi revashandi. The chidzoke yokurwisana ari hurumende ichiisa mari ivhu |
Saka, kusarudza kuronga chimiro, zvakakosha kuziva uye kufungawo ayo zvakanakira nekuipira, uyewo matambudziko zvinhu zvakadai dzemabhizimisi scale, ayo specificity, nechokwadi zvakatipoteredza, zvechadenga bhizimisi umo sangano unoshanda, uye vamwe. Mhando Universal chivako zviitiko zvose havapo.
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