Lipids - chii? Lipids: basa, unhu

Lipids - chii? MuchiGiriki, shoko "lipids" rinoreva "inoramba duku mafuta." Ndivo boka dzinongoitika yeimwe ose makemikari hunhu zvakawanda Zvichisanganisa zvakananga kwemafuta uye mafuta-kufanana zvinhu. Ivo chikamu chete zvipenyu masero ose uye vari rakakamurwa nyore uye kunzwisisa mhando. The nyore lipid sezvamunoita zvaisanganisira mafuta acids uye doro, uye kunzwisisa zvine yakakwirira samolecular uremu zvinoriumba. Ose chokuita zvoutachiona membranes, ine zvainoita yezviri makemikari, uye kubatanidzwa paumbwe etsinga nomunhu inotokonya tsandanyama marwadzo.

Pamafuta emhuka hydrophobia

Mumwe mashandiro anoita lipids kusikwa ane simba kuchengeterwa pamusoro Muviri kuitira water- inoodza ehupfumi ganda, pamwe kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye kudzivirirwa. Vamwe mafuta tubhokisi fuma, vasina mafuta acids, akataurawo lipids Somuenzaniso, izvozvo sterols uye terpenes. Lipids kwete amenable kune aqueous vezvenhau, asi nyore soluble mune Organic mvura akadai chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, kupa rinoitwa nguva nenguva dzakawanda misangano chokuita zvinhu zvitsva, muri hariperi wenyaya chidzidzo uye kutsvakurudza. Mubvunzo "Lipids - chii?" It isingazombodzikiri kushanda kwayo. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kwesayenzi hakuiti mira. Recently yakaratidza dzakawanda itsva mafuta acids, izvo biosynthetic ukama lipids. Kupatsanura pakati Organic yeimwe zvingaomera nokuda kufanana nedzimwe unhu, asi ane musiyano rinokosha mune dzimwe parameters. Kazhinji, zviri zvinhu ari oga boka, uye ipapo apore zvizere rinopindirana kusakarongeka ukama zvinhu.

sero membranes

Lipids - chii chiri chibvumirano dzichipfekeka chinangwa? Chokutanga, havana zvinhu zvinokosha chezvinonhuwira masero mapenyu uye nyama yose vertebrates. pezvakaitwa Most mumuviri kunoitika pamwe kutora chikamu lipids, inotungamirwa foni membranes, interconnection uye kupanana anonongedzera ari extracellular kwezvakatipoteredza, asingadi rokugovera pamwe zvakakora acids.

Lipids - chii, kana ukatarira nezvenzvimbo nomuzvarirwo yokuvamba steroid kemikari, uye phosphoinositide prostaglandins? Izvi, kupfuura zvose, kuvapo ari plasma kuti zvine mafuta acids, zviripo, kubudikidza tsanangudzo, zvakaparadzana zvinoumba ari lipid zvivako. Nokuda hydrophobic ehupfumi okupedzisira muviri anomanikidzwa kubereka yavo kwazvo kwezvinhu. Nuna asidhi lipids kunyanya Kutamiswa mu kunzwisisa pamwe sealbumin uye lipoproteins zviri soluble nemvura, vari zvifambiswe nenzira inozivikanwa.

kupatsanura pakati lipids

Kuparadzirwa yeimwe ane zvipenyu hunhu, kubudikidza muchikwata - izvi Rinobatanidzwa ne dzimwe nhau pasi nharo. Lipids chokuita nemakemikari uye STRUCTURAL zvivako zvinogona kupiwa zvakaenzana mhando dzakasiyana. Basic makirasi lipids zvinosanganisira nyore uye dzakaoma yeimwe.

By anongoti dzinosanganisira:

• Glycerides - the glycerol esters doro uye mafuta acids chemhando muchikwata.
• Waxes - yepamusoro nuna iine acid Ester uye 2-atomu doro.

Complex lipids:

• Phospholipid yeimwe - pamwe kwebasa rinofanira senitrogen zvinoriumba, glycerophospholipids, ofingolipidy.
• Glycolipids - dziri kuruvazhe akaturikidzana zvipenyu muviri.
• Steroids - zvikuru vanoshingaira zvinhu mhuka chakarondedzera.
• Complex mafuta - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, Mahydrocarbon.

inoshanda

Lipid mafuta vanoshumira mashoko muchitokisi membranes. Munyaya zvekufambisa-siyana zvinhu pamusoro arikunze muviri. Of mafuta muviri kwakavakirwa lipid maumbirwo kunobatsira kuchengetedza muviri kubva overcooling. Ita mashandiro simba mari "mu chengetedza".

Mafuta Matura pfungwa muchitokisi cytoplasm dziri mumate. Vertebrates, uye murume zvikurukuru, vane mumasero anokosha - adipocytes, izvo kuringana yakawanda mafuta. Achiisa mafuta kuunganidza mu adipocytes imhaka lipoid makemikari.

zvoutachiona mabasa

Fat harisi chete rakavimbika simba, uyewo ane insulating ehupfumi Ichibatsirwa zvipenyu. Saka lipids unobvumidza kuti vabudirire akawanda anobatsira zvinhu zvakadai somunhu dzinongoitika kutonhora muviri kana, Ukuwo, ayo kuputira. In hwokumusoro kunzvimbo, kunoratidzwa yakaderera tembiricha mhuka dzose kuunganidza mafuta kuti iiswe zvose pamusoro muviri zvakaenzana, saka pakusika dzinongoitika inodzivirira rukoko kuti anoita mashandiro chafariz kudzivirirwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha huru zvomumvura mhuka: hove huru, walruses, nemicherechedzo.

Animals kuti kurarama inopisa munyika, uyewo kuunganidza muviri mafuta, asi havana richiparadzirwa munyika muviri, uye vari kusimbiswa dzimwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, namafuta ngamera kuenda ari humps, mhuka murenje - mukati merima, pfupi muswe. Nature anongwarira uye zvakakodzera placement mafuta nemvura zvipenyu.

The mamiriro basa lipids

pezvakaitwa All nechokuita nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri, pasi dzimwe mitemo. Phospholipids ndivo hwaro zvipenyu rukoko foni membranes uye remafuta akawandisa anoita fluidity pakati membranes izvi. Saka, vakawanda masero mapenyu ndiko takapoteredzwa yeplasma Kamudzira ane miviri paiva lipids. wevasungwa kwakadaro kwakakosha chakaipa muchitokisi basa. Mune rimwe zvipenyu Kamudzira microparticle ine zvinopfuura miriyoni pakati lipid mamorekuru kuti nhaka hunyambiri maitiro: ivo vaviri hydrophobic uye hydrophilic. Kazhinji, izvi zviri kungoreva chete ehupfumi pamusoro nonequilibrium hunhu, uye saka functionality hwavo zvikuru nomusoro. The lipids muchitokisi - inzira inobudirira dzinongoitika kuzvidzora. The hydrophobic rukoko iri yemanyorero hunodzorwa muchitokisi Kamudzira uye kunodzivirira pamusoro kupinda anokuvadza ions.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, remafuta akawandisa vanobatsirawo impermeability kwamakamuri. Mucheka Zvivako dziri dzimwe Kamudzira lipids, sphingomyelin uye sfingoglikolipid. fuma Mumwe ane chairo basa.

Lipids ari munhu kudya

Triglycerides - mafuta kwazvakarerekera hunhu, muri anobudirira anopa simba. Zvine mafuta acids vane nyama nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka. A nuna acid, asi unsaturated kuwanikwa nzungu, sunflower namafuta, mbeu zviyo uye tsanga. Kuti muviri asingadi kusimudza remafuta akawandisa yomuropa, Zvinokurudzirwa wokuyera zuva kwemafuta mhuka ndeyevanyori 10 muzana.

Lipids, uye makabhohaidhiretsi

Vazhinji mhuka Utachiona "wemagazini" mafuta kune dzimwe pfungwa, asi subcutaneous rinenge riri mipendero ganda, uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Oxidation pamusoro lipids mafuta kwakadaro anononoka, uye saka muitiro tishandurwe yavo carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura kunoita kuti vawane kuchikosha simba rakawanda riri kusvika kaviri kupfuura anogona kupa makabhohaidhiretsi. Uyezve, mashoko hydrophobic ehupfumi mafuta kubvisa chikonzero vachishandisa mvura yakawanda yokukurudzira hydration. Masikati mafuta danho rinowanikwa mu simba "rakaoma." Zvisinei mafuta vari nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva zvikuru maererano simba yokusunungurwa, uye zvakawanda akakodzera kuti mhuka vachingotya kuhwanda. Lipids uye makabhohaidhiretsi akadai mukwanisi mumwe mu nedanho muviri.