Low-simba imba. Pusa imba: design, kuvaka uye zvinhu

A imba pusa iri simba kunyatsoshanda mitemo pakuvaka, iyo rinobvumira mari uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari, zvichiita shoma kukuvara zvakatipoteredza, kuramba hwomutambarakede pokugara. Kudyiwa kupisa simba iduku zvokuti kana hapana chikonzero hwokugadza yoga kudziyisa gadziriro kana simba rayo uye kukura zvidiki.

simba kunyatsoshanda mureza

Energy kunwa kuti kudziyisa imba nokuti gore idukusa 15 kilowatt-maawa muzana chikwata nharaunda. Energy kunwa kuti kudziyisa, mvura inopisa uye zvemagetsi simba-vakarongeka musha haasi anopfuura 120 kilowatt-maawa muzana chikwata nharaunda.

Kana tikaenzanisa chokupika simba rakawanda kuti kudziyisa muGermany, iyo dzinotungamirirwa mirayiro pamusoro chafariz kudzivirirwa uye simba rinoponesa 2002 (WSchVO uye EnEV 2002), zvinogona kuonekwa zvakananga katsika kutapudzwa kuti kudziyisa muzvivako. Recent kutonga pamwe EnEV, yokudzora kudzivirirwa chafariz muna Federal Republic of Germany, akaisa mwero wegore simba kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa dzimba itsva uye rehabilitated kubva 30 kusvika 70 kilowatt-maawa muzana chikwata nharaunda.

Enzanisa muna Russian Federation akasimbisa mwero wegore simba kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa nokuda Moscow kubva kilowatt-kwemaawa 95 kusvika 195 chete chikwata nharaunda. Actual kunwa nokure zvinodiwa izvi.

Kunakisa simba-nyatsoshanda misha

Ecodom ane zvinotevera zvazvakanakira:

• Comfort. Inopa kuramba tiine inofadza ekunze, dzakachena uye yakachena mhepo chaiyo ouinjiniya hurongwa. saka kungogara House anova chinonengaidza nzvimbo tembiricha kuzvidzora.
• Energy okuponesa. Kana tikaenzanisa munhu kwakajairika chivakwa uye pusa imba, ekupedzisira ane anopfuura gumi-nedanga zvinoderedza richipisa kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa zvinodiwa.
• pautano. Kana imba iri pusa, rose gore kwakavakirwa vose akaramba yaipiwa pamwe mhepo yakachena, hapana drafts, hunyoro, uye hakuna Foroma.
• Economy. Kana imba iri pusa, kuti anodawo mari yayo simba nerubatsiro anoramba pasi kunyange nokuwedzera mutengo simba.
• Pakutarisira zvakatipoteredza. Kana imba iri pusa, kushandiswa magetsi ruzivo anowedzera pamwero kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

simba pakati nepakati

Mumwe hunhu magetsi mudzimba ndiyo simba pachiyero pakati kufefetedza kurasikirwa kana hutachiwana uye kutambira kupisa zuva simba, womukati kupisa matsime uye kudziyisa. Nokuti pakuenzanisa zvinokosha zvinoriumba dzakadai Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuputira ari nharo huru vhoriyamu, zvivako chiine, kushandiswa kungotarisa kupisa mazano kubva chezuva maererano dzidziso pamusoro sefa vakawanda (kusvika 2/5 mativi France) zasi, aine kubvumirawo zvimwe 30 ° uye nokuda kwekushaiwa shading. Zvakakodzera kuva kushandiswa mhuri midziyo yemagetsi ine mukuru simba pamwero. Ndirwowo kudziyisa mvura uchishandisa kupisa pombi kana solar muteresi, kungotarisa kudziyisa ivhu mhepo kupisa exchanger. Kutaura zvazviri, vakakwana pusa imba - imba pasina kupisa-thermos.

Pusa imba michina

Sei ichi mugumisiro kubudirira? Pusa House mureza kunoda basa munharaunda shanu:

• Thermal kuputira. Kusurukirwa migove yokunze, kunyanya rekona, garo uye kuchinja mapfundo panosangana vanofanira kuva vakadaro kuti kupisa kutapurirana coefficient akanga asingasviki 0,15 W / m ² · K.
• Kusavapo chafariz mabhiriji. Zviri chinodiwa kudzivisa inclusions zvidzidzo kupisa. Special purogiramu pakuverenga tembiricha munda ichaona uye nemazvo ongorora dzinoparadzana nzvimbo fence zvivako zvivako uye kwavakazoita Optimization.
• Vanopupurirwa nokuti pusa Eco mahwindo nyatsoshanda. Double pasi emissivity PANE akazadzwa inert gasi, muri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokuti dzimba dzakadaro. Qualified kuisa hwindo mazano.
• Zvokuimba kufefetedza nokupisa kupora (kwete asingasviki 75%) uye akanamwa hamvuropu yomukati. Kuziva uye kubviswa idonhe kunosimbiswa kuburikidza zvoga kuidzwa mhepo permeability zvivako. Nyaradzai kufefetedza, inotongwa user. Installation enyika kupisa exchanger.

Órgãos muRussia

MuEurope, kuvakwa kungotarisa imba mureza rinoshandiswa akawanda, uye muna Russian Federation, magadzirirwo uye kuvaka magetsi zvivako chete kuchangotanga.

Homes kuti zvinodiwa hwesimba kunyatsoshanda mitemo pano asi, asi watova mamiriro pedyo mureza. Ivo embody mazano, okunze, nzira pakuverenga simba-nyatsoshanda musha.

Uyewo, maererano Russian Federation, akasika dzimba kupatsanura hwesimba kunyatsoshanda:

• Pusa imba - kudziyisa unopisa asingasviki 15, yose simba kudyiwa nokuti gore - kwete kupfuura 120 kilowatt-maawa por chikwata Area;
• imba Ultra-pasi zvinodyiwa - wegore simba kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa - 16-35, uye yose simba kudyiwa nokuti gore - asingasviki 180 kilowatt-maawa por chikwata nzvimbo;
• imba pasi simba norukosoro - maumbirwo pamwe wegore simba kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa zvinodiwa - 36-50, uye zvachose wepagore simba rakawanda - asingasviki 260 kilowatt-maawa muzana chikwata nharaunda.

History of budiriro

Mid-90s remakore rechimakumi maviri aizivikanwa pakadarowo muna Darmstadt, Germany, kudyidzana "PASSIVE House". Architects Vestermauer uye Bott, Ridder inotungamirwa Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny akagadzira imba, iyo yakava zvikabva kuti unozotevera simba-pakuponesa dzimba dzose. imba pusa yakavakwa 1991 pamwe kutora chikamu kwe hurumende Hessen. Annual kunwa zvivako kuti kudziyisa - asingasviki 1 fő peturu muzana chikwata nharaunda.

patani Features

Pamasikiro pusa dzimba yakazadziswa anotevera patani mhinduro.

The rusvingo nechokunze silicate zvidhinha 175 mm gobvu paiva insulated Styrofoam 275 neMM, mukati akapedza gypsum varinamire Ukobvu 15 mm uye zvitatu rukoko Wallpaper pamwe tevera kupenda.

Roof akafukidzwa manyowa, Sefa layer Chipboard 50 mm paukobvu, kusimba pamwe emapuranga matanda, rakanamatidzwa polyethylene firimu, ari insulated pamwe paiva chicherwa shinda 445 mm paukobvu,-Dzinogara matatu akapedza plasterboard uye Wallpaper pamwe unozotevera kupenda.

Pindana bhesimendi kongiri 160 neMM, 250 mm insulated polystyrene ndiro, kuputira 40 neMM, 50 mm uye screed anosvika 15 mm parquet.

Hwindo panes vatatu, vaviri-nzira shoma-emissivity unhani, krypton-akazara makamuri. Puranga raiva rakavharwa polyurethane furo kuputira.

Heat kupora iri rakatangwa counterflow kupisa exchanger muimba yepasi reimba. DC Motors First yaishandiswa pamwe wemagetsi chinja.

mvura Hot anopiwa sandara Vacuum vateresi nzvimbo 5.3 ba. mita pa sandara (66% zvinopa DHW zvinodiwa) uye chiine rusvingo-akatasva condensation bhaira pamwe negasi. DHW pombi vakaradzikwa muna insulating rukoko uye tsime voga.

Control kuyerwa

Panopera kuvakwa uye nokutumwa meimba zvakaitwa cheki kuyerwa mhepo aibuda, kumanikidzwa bvunzo, kurerukirwa kuyerwa tembiricha uye simba rakawanda. Ivo akasimbisa kubudirira pakati chinangwa.

Annual kunwa kubva chafariz simba nokuda kudziyisa muna 1991-1992 akanga akaenzana 19.8 kilowatt-maawa por Unit nharaunda, izvo chakaita kuti 8% of kudyiwa zvavo dzimba dzokugara. Muna 1992-1993, wepagore vapera shoma kusvika 11.8 kilowatt-maawa por chikwata nharaunda (5.5% kubva kumagumo flats, kutora kuenzanisa). Gare gare, kudyiwa kunoderedza kuti asingasviki 10 kilowatt-maawa por chikwata nharaunda pagore.

Figures vakanga diki kuti nyanzvi dzavo kwenguva yakareba kufungidzirwa. Rinokosha zvinoderedza simba mari, aiva 90%, kwakakwanisika badzi kuburikidza nokushandisa mukuru-waivako nevatengi Electronics.

Chiitiko German yakatorwa ne Finnish ezvivako uye ezvivako dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Kubvira ipapo, nyika hwakavaka vanopfuura 40.000 pusa eco mudzimba.

Pusa imba kuvakwa muna Russia

wandei zvinhu vachishandisa zvinhu nemwero pusa dzimba dzinovakwa kana chinozoiswa dzakavakwa muna Russian Federation muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod uye Yekaterinburg. Projects zvimwe izvo dzichakurukurwa pashure.

The chirongwa muna Moscow nharaunda

Pakati wacho zvivako pamwe pasi simba norukosoro zvirongwa zvinosanganisira "Active House" iri Moscow nharaunda, idzo tinyerere kudziyisa.

Active House ane chivako chakasiyana azvipire simba kunyatsoshanda, asi nokunyaradzwa zvikuru, chakaiswa ane otomatiki Climate kudzora mamiriro weimba "akangwara musha", achishandisa renewable simba zvinyorwa uye zvakatipoteredza rucheno.

Basa racho muna 2011. Chinomiririra akaverenga 5 Vagari yakarongeka nzvimbo 229 mativi metres, maviri uriri, pamatanda repuranga, insulated pamwe Slabs pamusoro chicherwa shinda ISOVER, dormers VELUX, nemvumi rokunze fence zvivako 550-650 neMM, kupisa kuramba reimba nemadziro 12, uriri 14 (m ² · ° C) / Watt. Kufefetedza zvazvingava - 0,4 nguva paawa. simba kunwa chete kuti kudziyisa mugore iri 38, uye yose simba rakawanda - 110 kWh por chikwata nharaunda pagore.

The chirongwa Nizhny Novgorod

Mumwe muenzaniso purojekiti pamwechete Ultra-yakaderera kupisa kudyiwa kuti kudziyisa eco imba iri pedyo Nizhny Novgorod, yakapedzwa muna 2012.

The nhurikidzwa mbiri chivakwa nzvimbo 141 mativi mamita. meter, akaverenga kuti vanhu vana, marongerwo muchimiro mumatanda, voga Slabs ane zvicherwa shinda ISOVER, hwindo Profile REHAU GENEO, magirazi matatu, kupisa yedzimudzangara nemishonga, 8.7 madziro, matenga edzimba 12.8, 8.9 M pabonde ² · ° C / Watt. Zvakarurama Zehnder kufefetedza hurongwa nokupisa kupora kunyatsoshanda 84% uye mhepo shanduko yevanhu 0.3 nguva paawa. Annual kuti kudziyisa simba rakawanda riri 33 kWh muzana chikwata nharaunda.

Substandard dzimba - muvengi kunyatsoshanda

Kubva pakutanga chaipo pfungwa pusa Eco vaifunga kuti mari dzimba dzakadaro vachava akaenzana kana kupfuura zvishoma zvinodhura kudarika mari dzose. Pfungwa iyi yaiva yakaderera mari kuvaka, Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nepakati mutengo, yepamusoro uye kukurumidza richadzokera pamusoro mari.

The chinangwa chikuru uye dambudziko vakadengezera mari rokuvaka zvivako dzakadaro Russian Federation uye kuvakwa kwedzimba kwakajairika. The misha ine simba-vakarongeka mudzimba vaizviti vatsvene mukanyiwa zvekutepfenyura haazorambi nokukurumidza kuitika. Izvi zvinoda, kuwedzera chokudzidzisa ezvivako, uyewo Kuwanikwa zvaida vavaki unyanzvi sandara, kushandisa zvinhu yepamusoro uye kwesayenzi pamwero midziyo uye zvinhu zvimwe unhu.

Misa kuvakwa kwemauto muRussia vanosarudza kuderedza mari dzimba nokuda kushandisa kbps zvinhu uye Semi-unyanzvi remaoko. Chero bedzi akadaro zvaunofarira vari, yezwi yepamusorosoro simba-vakarongeka kuvakwa vakawanda kwedzimba anotaridzika shamisa.

Kutarisira muRussia

The vakaronga rutapudzo 40% simba rakawanda nemwero 2020, zvichiitirwa kuti vavimbezve vachifarira simba-kuponesa ruzivo. Normal chafariz nemishonga kuchawedzera kubva 0.52 kusvika 0,8 mamita ² · ° C / W, uye pashure paizvozvo - kusvika 1.0. Kushandisa kupora mu kufefetedza gadziriro vachava fanira. Panguva ino, zvakakosha kuchinja nekuita wokumwe ruzivo. By 2020 Zvinotarisirwa kuvakwa yakawanda pusa dzimba. Panguva iyoyo ruchapfuurira asike ezvinhu anodiwa: asi Bank kwakasimbiswa kwegadziriro zvaunoda chikwereti, vagadziri, Developers navavaki kudzidza rwokugadzira itsva. Izvi zvichaita kuumba yakatsiga kumusika uye nevatengi kudiwa.