Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero muna Russian Federation

Munyika yanhasi, kazhinji vana vave vakawirwa evanhu mananara, kusaruramisira, safunga maitiro vakuru, mhirizhonga uye utsinye. nyaya dzakadaro azopiwa nzeve, kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose. Pose kuumbwa rakazvimirira mamwe mashandiro hwaishandiswa kukoshesa uye nangananga kudzivirira vana vose zvavo uye mumwe zviduku nomumwe.

Órgãos muduku nemasangano

MuRussia, dambudziko uduku vane kukoshesa paruzhinji negwaro. Mushure ratification reInternational Convention, nyika yave vava wandei wazvipira. Ivo chokuita urongwa vakadzikama magariro uye kukura kwevana. Paumbwe imwe unyanzvi gadziriro kudzivirira zvido yevana, kusanganisira mamwe kuvandudzika pakati nenzvimbo mapurisa ODN, Yezvichemo nemamwe masangano wava mumwe kiyi mabasa ari purogiramu wevanotungamirira wokuti hurumende. Pfungwa kwakashanda kuti nguva kusvika 2025.

akaita sei basa Ombudsman Vana muRussia?

Pokugadzwa "Ombudsman vana" waiva 2009 Presidential zvinotaura. It akagadzwa Pavel Astakhov. Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero muna Russian Federation maererano Federal Law uye magwaro dzakawanda. An mukuru ane nhamba zvingangoitika, tichiziva kuti iye anoita mabasa ake. Kudzingwa basa, uyewo basa nayo, rinoitwa President.

pamutemo mikana

Commissioner anekodzero:

1. Tumirai zvikumbiro uye vanogamuchira maererano mitemo zvakakodzera mashoko, zvinhu uye magwaro kubva ehurumende masangano mukuru, kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru mumatunhu, machinda masangano, vakasununguka kuwana zvivako izvi simba.
2. Vakazvimirira kana ari pamwe chete nomazvo mabasa uye netsvimbo kuti aongorore basa nevarikutonga masangano ari Russian Federation nevadzorwi vahwo, kuti vawane zvinodiwa zvijeke kwavari.
3. Kutungamirirwa zvose wevakuru vehurumende panyaya nezviito / dzakasiyiwa, ravo sarudzo, akatyorerwa zvido juveniles ayo Mushumo pamwe vanorumbidza pamusoro zvinobvira uye anodiwa matanho kugadzirisa zvinhu.
4. Batanidzwa nenzira nachiremba basa yesayenzi uye Analytical uye nyanzvi chokuita kudzivirira uduku sangano, zvesayenzi uye nemamwe masangano, nenyanzvi kusanganisira iri contractual hwaro.

mikana izvi, chokwadi, akatorwa kubva mutemo yokudzora mabasa Commissioner for Human Rights. Zvisinei, Ombudsman vana haina rusununguko yakadaro-siyana zvingangoitika. Zvikurukuru, haafaniri kuwana kuziva zvinyorwa nedare, zvaunoti, nezvaakatonga, sarudzo, kusanganisira kuramba kutanga zvekufamba. Zvisinei, kuti chirevo President vakabata rinokosha nzvimbo. Vepurovhinzi vakarayirwa kuti kuona kuti, maererano iyo chichaitwa mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero pachidzidzo chimwe nechimwe.

ripoti

Vana Ombudsman inozivisa pachena uye hurumende masangano nezvebasa ravo. Mishumo ayo uye mhedziso achitizarurira mamiriro ezvinhu mukati yechinangwa kuremekedza zvido yevana munyika. Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero dziri Russian Federation riri kuitwa pedyo pamwe chete nehurumende simba zvepamusoro vaenzane uye mumunda, vezvenhau uye masangano ehurumende, ombudsmen uye anokosha makomisheni kumatunhu. Gadzirira papi, inokosha mishumo uye kundizivisa kuti kuruzhinji anobvumira mukuru huchiti nzvimbo yavo, kuratidza pfungwa yavo pamusoro ezvinhu nokure kudzivirira zvido nevana, uye zvavo munyika, uye vachiravana munzvimbo chaiyo muupenyu. Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero anoshumira chishandiswa chine simba, ndikaita voruzhinji.

Specificity

The chikuru basa Ombudsman Vana chokuita nokuongorora nokunyunyuta vagari pamusoro basa wehurumende uye omunzvimbo masangano, vashandi vehurumende uye nevamwe vakuru vakuru. The Ombudsman anopa zano yepamutemo vanhu vanoda kushandisa mukana yepamutemo kukumbira dzakawanda masangano (muna Hague chekutonga, Dare UN, etc.). Officer anobata zvichemo kwete chete kubva vomunyika asiwo kubva kune dzimwe masangano uyewo vasiri vagari.

kugona

A muduku ane chokuita vave yatyorwa, anogona kushandisa kuti Commissioner of nharaunda kana kuti mukuru panguva batana chechetere. Kudai akanga atuma kunyunyuta kuna Ombudsman yokutanga nyaya haisi pasi nemhaka yokuramba dzinoona chikumbiro kuti yakafanana nyaya iri soro chechetere. The kugona of Commissioner zvinosanganisira kuitwa nokunyunyuta vanhu vari muusungwa zvivako (misha uye zvichingodaro.). Zvadaro, basa rokutarisira nemasangano akadaro vanosungirwa kutumira Ombudsman zvichemo kubva vagari dzakadaro. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu anovamba kupedza pachena kuti ichi. Chichemo anofanira kutumwa mukati zuva rimwe pashure kutambira utungamiri tsika. The Kutarisirwa haana kodzero kuvhura date kunyora kana kuzviraira kuona mune dzimwe nzira.

Kusarudza kunyunyuta

The Ombudsman ane ungwaru kushandisa chiito pakutanga kugadzirwa kuti mishonga kana kukuramba. The mitemo anopa mukuru inotevera zvinhu:

1. Kukumbira kuti nehanya ari chiitiko kuti wacho nyaya pamusoro kwokutanga basa ehurumende masangano, masangano emo, kunoshumira administrative kana dare kuti, asi chisarudzo chakanga kugutsikana. Zvekufamba of Commissioner achava nekodzero kutanga, kana chichigamuchirwa kwete paya pane gore kubva musi kutyora zvido kana musi apo wacho akaziva kuti.
2. Gurukota haagoni kugamuchira chichemo, vachitsanangura munyori, apo zvakakodzera kunyora pakutanga.
3. Mune zvimwe zviitiko Ombudsman ane kodzero Redirect application akakodzera muviri yokugadzirisa dambudziko.
4. The Ombudsman anogona kuramba kugamuchira chikumbiro nezvawo.

On chisarudzo chake Commissioner vanosungirwa kuzivisa munyori mukati memazuva gumi. Kana achiita kunyunyuta, Yezvichemo anofanira kuzivisa yakakodzera mamiriro kana yeko sangano, mukuru mukuru, ane basa kuzvipfuuridza.

macheki

Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero kunosanganisira kudzora chero hurumende masangano, masangano ari hurongwa miganhu zviremera, masangano, mabhizimisi, zvisinei kwavo chimiro muridzi uye pamutemo, masangano paruzhinji, uto dzakabatana. Hapana ringamisa chokupika Yezvichemo mabasa ake. It kutarira namachinda. Kunyanya, Ombudsman anogona kuongorora mabasa nenzvimbo Nyanzvi mapurisa ODN. Security cheki, anogona kuita zvose oga uye pamwe masangano vanokwanisa kushandiswa, vashandi vehurumende nevamwe vakuru vakuru. Kana zvakakodzera, kuti Ombudsman anopa aurayiwe bvunzo. Zvichienderana zvaunowana pakutsvakurudza zviri chokugadzirira pfungwa pamusoro mibvunzo yakamutswa chichemo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Ombudsman haasi kushanda seAuthorized batana Auditing. Iye achaongorora basa masangano uye mabhizimisi, zvakananga kukanganisa zvido yevana.

Basa kumatunhu

Kuti pave muenzaniso zvinobudirira akatanga kubva 1998. The Ministry of Labor, pamwe nevamwe vatambi vakatanga kushandisa mutyairi chirongwa kunosanganisira kutanga pambiru Commissioner mumunda. Chirongwa rakatangwa achitsigirwa UNICEF. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa mafungiro shanu dzakatangwa. By February 1, 2003 munyika 12 kushanda vana ombudsmen. Kunyanya, mabasa rinoitwa Ombudsman kuti Children in:

1. Moscow.
2. St. Petersburg.
3. Chechen Republic.
4. North Ossetia-kunzi Alania.
5. Novgorod, Smolensk, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Volgograd, Samara, Kemerovo kumatunhu.
6. Krasnoyarsk uye Krasnodar nenharaunda.

In pachikuva wechitatu vakanga vawedzera zvinzvimbo panguva matunhu neminisiparati chechetere. Zvikurukuru, ombudsmen vakatanga kushanda Arzamas muruwa Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda., Muguta Volzhsky, Volgograd Region., In muguta Yekaterinburg. Kumatunhu mashanu nzvimbo wakatangwa zvinoshanda mutemo pasi. Saka rakavambwa basa Ombudsman Vana vari Kemerovo nharaunda, ari Samara nharaunda., Krasnodar Kr. nezvakadaro. Pakati 15, ombudsmen matatu vari kushanda chokuzvidira hwaro.

sarudzo

Zvinofanira pakagadzwa mbiru, uyewo pamutemo wenyika emunharaunda ombudsmen siyana. Kazhinji, vanopinda Executive bazi. Nomination varanda rinoitwa varayirwa misoro dzekushumira nyaya. Munzvimbo idzodzo, apo unoenderana chakazoitwa mumakore maviri apfuura, pambiru mashoko kutakurwa mumiriri muviri kana aine mvumo. Panyaya iyi, kuti Ombudsmen rusununguko dzeparamende hweHIV. Nokuda kweizvi ivo kuwedzera rusununguko kubva varikutonga zvivako, izvo zvinozoita kunowedzera kubudirira basa ravo. Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero muna Krasnoyarsk, St. Petersburg, Samara nharaunda. uye nezvimwe nharaunda iri kuitwa hurongwa yakarongerwa midziyo.

mbiru itsva

Mumakore 5 apfuura, ombudsmen dzakatangwa mune zvinenge zvose kumatunhu munyika. Saka, muna 2011, zvakatanga akavhiyiwa Ombudsman Vana vari Voronezh mudunhu. The runoenzanirana romukova kwairatidzwa nomurau kumubati nharaunda. The normative Chiito chinorondedzerwa tumira Yezvichemo wacho, ayo mabasa uye mabasa. Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero muna Voronezh nharaunda inoda unimpeded kuwana emunharaunda zvivako, kukwanisa kukumbira uye kugamuchira anodiwa zvinhu, zvinyorwa uye ruzivo kubva kuMudzidzisi nezviremera, uyewo mamwe zvivako inopiwa mirayiro mutungamiri uye gavhuna. Officer Inotiwo basa rinoitwa, mukurukuri, unoendesa ayo Advisory mafungiro ari kwematunhu simba zvivako uye vashandi vehurumende. Sezvo 2014 basa Ombudsman Vana Kodzero muNovosibirsk. nzvimbo iyi yakasimbiswa maererano noMutemo № 410-oz. Normative Chiito inorondedzera nzira nokuda kwebasa Ombudsman, mabasa ake, mabasa. The chikuru mashandiro anoita yepamutemo inofanira kusanganisira:

• Kutsigira kupora infringing zvido yevana mudunhu.
• Kuona kudzivirirwa rusununguko uye kodzero vana munharaunda.
• Inoita kuti pave zvemitemo hwaro mune nokure kudzivirira zvido yevana.

Mabasa Commissioner for Children Kodzero muNovosibirsk kunosanganisirawo kuitawo basa iri dzidzo pamutemo, Inter-remunharaunda pamwe.

Chakakoshera mubvunzo

Mumakore mashoma makore Ombudsmen okutanga zvakava pachena kuti dambudziko iri chaizvo chenjera, kwete chete waivako kukodzera nokuda nomazvo ehurumende miviri uye masangano mabasa avo, asi ivo vanoona zviri pamutemo akadzivirira zvido yevana. Zvinosuruvarisa sangano webasa mapurisa nenzvimbo hakuiti kufukidza yose chakarondedzera nyaya chokuita pauduku sangano. Vezvemitemo kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuita. Zvisinei, basa ravo zvarinoita zvinodiwa vana vashoma kwazvo. Chavainyanya basa anoita kwemitemo. Sangano basa nenzvimbo kunosanganisira nekuita pamwe zvivako siyana, kusanganisira specialized zvakananga basa pamwe nevana (ODN). Zvisinei, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti zviri zvikuru kukwana. Panyaya iyi, mashoko mundima imwe neimwe nyaya iri Commissioner for Children Kodzero anoshumira akachenjera danho kurutivi paumbwe imwe gadziriro qualitatively itsva kudzivirirwa nomutemo. In basa rayo, Yezvichemo anotsigira raivapo kwematunhu siyana uye nzira kuchengeta zvido yevana.

mabasa

Mashandiro ari Ombudsman Vana munharaunda anosanganisira:

1. Nechokwadi chepamutemo zvido uye inopikira rusununguko yevana, Kuwedzera uye pave zviripo zvishandiso siyana kunotidzivirira pamwe nehurumende uye miganhu Zvivako nhengo kugona.
2. Analysis ezvinhu nokure kudzivirira kodzero mwana.
3. All zvaibvira kubatsirwa kudzorerwa kuvhiringidzwa zvido yevana.

masimba

Kunze pamutemo zvinogona, Yezvichemo anotaurwa kumusoro angava:

• Shandisa kudare, nomazvo masangano ane chikumbiro atange nechirango / administrative zvekufamba vaya anokonzera kutyorwa zvido yevana.
• Gadzirirai vaitaura kuti kuwedzererwa uye kuchinja huripo mirayiro yedare mibvunzo pamusoro zvezvinotaurwa kudzivirira kodzero mwana.

kunobatsira Institute

Experience Ombudsman kodzero yevana kunoratidza kuti mamiriro ichi vava kubatana inokosha zvinodiwa mwana. chikoro ichi pari ane nzvimbo inokosha. Hazvina kutsiva huripo masangano akadai Somuenzaniso, mitumbi trusteeship uye kuitarisira, ODN, weboka evanhu kudzivirirwa uye nevamwe. Pamwe chete chikoro ichi anoita mabasa aro pedyo kuonana zvivako izvi. Kusiyana kushanda nhasi masangano, vane kugona iri kuitira kudzivirira zvido yevana, kuti chikwata mvumo:

1. Rine yakazvimirira rokudzora kubudikidza pachena basa kwematunhu uye nyika zviremera, kushandiswa nevana masangano.
2. Inochengetedza yevana vane kodzero yatyorwa.
3. It chinosimudzira kuzoita infringing zvido yevana.

Kusiyana nehofisi yevachuchisi

Mabasa mvumo anopinda rakamanikana zvakawanda nyaya. Anorondedzera zvakananga kudzivirirwa zvido yevana. The Muchuchisi Hofisi, akavapindurawo, simba, kufukidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana munzanga uye mamiriro. Zvikurukuru, inopa mukana zvaidiwa zvinodiwa nomurayiro cherechedzo, rinoronga basa vatevedzere mutemo uye zvichingodaro. Practice zvinoratidza kuti mwana haagoni kutarisira kupora zvavanoda kana kushandisa kuhofisi muchuchisi wacho. Tsika mvumo ndiyo nyore kuti mwana ari huye kutyora kodzero dzake. Official pamusaka competences dzavo uye mabasa anogona kudzika uye hubudirire kuita zvimwe dambudziko nenguva netsika kuziva chokwadi pamusoro kukanganisa mashoko zviri pamutemo zvinodiwa muduku, akakurumidza kupindura uye anopa rubatsiro nyanzvi.

Namatirastii uye Board namatirastii

mitumbi izvi dzinoitawo kuona kudzivirira vana. Zvisinei, basa ravo riri zvikurukuru pfungwa panyaya chokuita nevana, nherera, mune masangano, muupenyu akaoma ezvinhu. Activities mvumo zvinosanganisira kudzivirirwa kodzero dzevana ukama zvose paruzhinji masangano.

KDN

Commission on Juvenile Affairs dzidzira ari kudzivirira pokugara uye hanya, uyewo vamwe, ukama nyaya. Chaizvoizvo, KDN yave "akatambudzika" by yevana. The Commission vanosanganisira vamiririri Executive zvivako. The Commissioner iri riitwe zvakawanda nezvinetso. Anoshanda nguva dzose uye pachedu kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

The kunyatsoshanda kuti zvenharaunda mahofisi

Mvumo nyaya ine mufananidzo wakakwana ezvinhu mukati imwe ndima. Iye pachake muchirongwa chisarudzo ezvinhu panzvimbo yakagara tuzvikanganiso. Vakagadzwa kana kusarudzwa munhu kuhofisi yakadaro simba paruzhinji. Iye Kuparadzwa kwemasimba kumatunhu nzira kunoda kuti munhu ane, tisingaverengi zvaida unyanzvi unyanzvi, akakodzera pahunhu hwake. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka zviitiko apo vakuru vezviitiko vanogadzwa Mutongo Paramende kana aine mvumo.