Mabasa Ostrowski: mazita yakanakisisa. The chidimbu Ostrovsky rokutanga

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", munyori dambe, waitova Russian mutambo mu "chaiye" mabhuku - nayo A. N. Ostrovsky, ane mabasa kubva pakati XIX remakore rakava chikuru mune repertoire of mały Theater muMoscow. All ivo zvakanyorwa, hazvina kuitwa kuti kuverenga, uye nokuda pachikuva. Mugumisiro makore 40 hwokusika basa vakava vokutanga (50), akasikwa co-rakanyorwa, kupatsanurwa uye rakashandurwa dambe.

Manyuko "rakafuridzirwa"

All mabasa Ostrowski dzinobva kuramba richiona nzira youpenyu akasiyana munzanga, zvikurukuru vatengesi uye vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata.

Childhood uye kuyaruka munyori wemitambo vachipfuura zvino kushumira - old kudunhu Moscow, iro kazhinji inogarwa vatengesi. Naizvozvo Ostrovsky akanga inonyatsoziva mararamiro uye zvimwe intrafamily uye munzanga ukama. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XIX, zvinoita sokuti "nevaya vanofungidzira" vachiwedzera vanonzi - vachagara kupinda dzomutengesi itsva.

Very chinobatsira raiva basa Office of nehana Moscow dare apo Alexander akabatana 1843. makore 8 zvaanorumbidza dzakawanda kumatare uye kukakavara vatengesi uye hama kubvumirwa kuunganidza mashoko anokosha pamusoro izvo achanyorwa yakanakisisa mabasa Ostrovsky.

Mubasa munyori wemitambo akasarudza govera 4 inokosha kumwedzi. Mumwe aizivikanwa chaizvo kutaura kuti rondedzero chokwadi uye chitarisiko inobwinya zvidimbu.

makore 1847-1851. The kuedza kutanga

Essays akanyorwa nomudzimu "rwokuzvarwa chikoro" uye maererano netsika vakaisa pasi Gogol, akaunza ruzivo munyori rokuremekedza "Columbus Zamoskvorechye". Asi runako nokukurumidza vakatsiviwa kutamba, izvo zvachose vytesnli paakaita Genres.

The chidimbu rokutanga Ostrovsky - "Family Picture", tanga verenga nomunyori kupati pa S. Shevyreva. Asi nomukurumbira kunounza "Bankrut", pashure zita "vanhu vake -! Rakaverengwa" The pavakanzwa chidimbu zvakaitika nguva. Kusenza zvakanga pakarepo rarambidzwa (akanyorwa 1849, wakauya parutivi chete muna 1861), uye V. Odoyevski kupfeka ndima ne "ignoramus", "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" uye "Inspector". Kwemakore anoverengeka, chigadzirwa yakabudirira kuverenga madenderedzwa uye manheru chaiko, ichipa muduku munyori ari kwose kuzivikanwa.

makore 1852-1855. "Moskvityaninsky" nguva

Iyi ndiyo nguva apo Ostrovsky vakabatanawo "vaduku nyaya mudonzvo" magazini, achiparidza pfungwa 'ivhu, uye vanofarira kune vatengesi. Vamiririri munzanga, kwete chokuita serfdom uye kwete vakarambana kubva kuvanhu, anogona kuva, maererano Grigoryev, itsva simba kuti anogona kukanganisa kukura Russia. In iyi 3 inoshanda Ostrowski, mumwe iro - "Urombo kwete urema".

Zvarongwa mufananidzo ukama hwemhuri mushambadzi Tortsov. Okumanikidza uye vadzvinyiriri baba, vanozvikudza, anoronga kuroora mwanasikana wake, parudo ane murombo mutariri navakangwara uye akapfuma Korshunova. Ndicho unoshambadzirana vorudzi mutsva, uyo kumbopotsa ake. Vabvume-mudzvinyiriri mukoma risingakwanisi kufarira - asingatani nekudhakwa, kwete vakaunganidza mhanza, asi zvose zvinotevera mitemo yetsika. Somugumisiro, nyaya iri kugadziriswa zvinobudirira nokuti Luba, uye munyori wemitambo anoti kukunda Russian zvavo tsika uye tsika European.

makore 1856-1860. Rapprochement ne "Contemporary"

Mabasa iyi: "A Kunobatsira Post", "Mune chinoshamisa mabiko hangover" uye, Chokwadi, "The Storm" - vaiva mugumisiro rethinking basa ateteguru mushambadzi kirasi munyika. Zvinonzi Hauchabatsiri nokukwezvwa munyori wemitambo, uye zvakawanda zvinhu muchivadzvinyirira uye chaizvo kuedza kurwisa itsva uye democratic (Mugumisiro vanhuwo ose "Contemporary"). Izvi zvakajeka zvikuru "umambo rima" kwave kuratidzwa chete nhamo munyori wemitambo "The Storm". Pano, pane vechiduku havadi kushivirira mitemo domostroevskimi.

Kuongorora mabasa akasikwa makore 40-50, A. Grigoriev akadana Ostrovskogo A. N. kwechokwadi "vanhu nyanduri", iro akasimbisa kukura emifananidzo yavo kuratidzwa.

makore 1861-1886. basa vakasimba

Mumakore 25 post-kuchinja munyori wemitambo akanyora mabasa akajeka, siyana mune Genre uye dingindira. Vanogona kuiswa mumapoka akawanda.

1. Comedy pamusoro poupenyu vatengesi: "Chokwadi iri zvakanaka, asi mufaro nani", "ose zuva harisi Svondo."
2. Satire: "Mhumhi uye Makwai", "Easy Mari," "The Forest", uye vamwe.
3. "Pictures woupenyu muMoscow" uye "mutengo kure nemaguta" vanhu "muduku" "Heavy Days", "shamwari wekare ndiyo vatsva nani pane vaviri," etc.
4. Chronicles ari kare dingindira: "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk" uye vamwe.
5. Psychological Mutambo "The Last Waitirwa", "Mwenga".

Tisingatauri ndiyo kutamba-ngano "Snow Maiden".

Mabasa okupedzisira emakore vava Zvinosiririsa nouzivi uye mafungiro unhu uye zvakasiyana unyanzvi hwakakwana uye musoro kutaura mufananidzo.

Musiki national theatre

Mazana emakore akapfuura, asi mabasa Ostrovskogo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha vachiri kuunganidza zviziviso pamusoro vaitungamirira nzendo nyika, zvichireva mashoko Ivan Goncharov: "... mushure iwe ... tinogona kutaura nokudada. Tine Russian national theatre pachake" "Varombo Bride" uye "kugara kwako Sled", "Marriage Bal'zaminova" uye "Mwoyo hakusi ibwe," "Kwete sendi, uye pakarepo Altyn" uye "Upenzi Enough muna akachenjera nomumwe" ... The zvawanyora anozivikanwa nerimwe theatergoers Ostrowski kuridza mazita anogona kuramba kwenguva refu. Nemhaka unyanzvi ari munyori wemitambo pachikuva akauya vapenyu nyika renguva matambudziko nguva dzose kuti achatarisira pamusoro pavanhu.