Mysteries of yokufungidzira MA Bulgakov kuti "Tenzi uye Margarita"

Pamusoro nganonyorwa MA "Tenzi uye Margarita" zvakanyorwa zvisingaverengeki mabasa Bulgakov kubva hwakasimba monographs yerondedzero chikoro. Number kududzira anosvika kusaverengeka. The nganonyorwa ane chinoshamisa pfuma kutsamwisa zvakawanda kuverenga. Chikonzero ndechokuti rimwe inokosha misimboti poetics ari yokufungidzira ndiyo unoreva zvakawanda. Pamwe chete incompleteness uye musiyapaduku ichi anopa chikonzero asingatarisirwi kufembera.

Mabhuku vanoratidza chakadzama erudition, achitarisa neshamwari saka kure uye chisingawanzowaniki chokwadi kuti zvakaoma nyore zvavo kumuverengi. Zvisinei, mumwe oddity of yokufungidzira iri chokwadi kuti zvikuru Studi nguva kukwanisa kuva zvikuru rokuvandudza omumwe acho, inotorerwa ukavimba pakati muvambi vaverengi vake. Bulgakov kuti maitiro ane runako rukuru rwakadai uye nyaya kuti muverengi anotanga vanongodavira munyori mitsetse nyaya yokutanga, uye havadi kuenda chokwadi yokupedzisira.

Hongu, munyori akatambanudza yakawanda zvakavanzika. Nei tenzi norugare, uye kwete chiedza? Sei magamba vatatu mazita Vanyori (Berlioz, Stravinsky, Rimsky)? Sei tiine uye mupengo Leviy Matvey awana mubayiro, uye chiedza anova kugara shamwari Jesu? Nei tenzi haana kugamuchira zita kana mazita, uye tsanangudzo "tenzi" rinova rakajairika uye vanzwisise harimboshandiswi iri itsva pamwe netsamba guru? The nyora mibvunzo vaigona kuenda mberi. Nei tenzi nguva dzose akadzokorora kuti akanyora itsva pamusoro Pondiyo Pirato uye haana kurangarira zita Jesu? Sei pekugara muna nyaya Woland raMwari riri achirova mufananidzo gavhuna? Zvino ndianiko pakati protagonist of yokufungidzira? Uye chii matambudziko ayo chikuru: kutenda uye kusatenda, vanhu uye simba, zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, kururamisira nengoni?

Genre chimiro "Tenzi uye Margarita" yokufungidzira zvakadaro kunzwisisa kuti ichiri haabvumiri kuuya vakawanda zvokusvika maonero. Satirical yokufungidzira, kwouzivi menippea - zvinoita sokuti mashoko ari Bulgakov rinoshanda tsananguro ipi.

Prototypes of yokufungidzira ndechimwe chezvinhu akataura nezvematambudziko itsva. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa mhinduro (inonzi nzira Version) haana kukonzera chinhu asi ukozoro uye bundu. Sezvinotarisirwa, itsva pamusoro asangana yemubhaibheri nguva, vakasagona kutaura vafundisi. Saizvozvowo, mumakore achangopfuura kwakawedzera gakava pamusoro mufananidzo Jesu Ha-uye ukama hwake naJesu Kristu. Zvisinei, hakusi zvishoma kodzero huvepo yave shanduro gamba kuti Bulgakov kuti yokufungidzira hachisi Iisus Hristos, so "kupenga muzivi, Hobo," akazivisa tsotsi mitemo yeRoma, uye mukuru, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda, zvinonyadzisa uye zvinorwadza rufu pamuchinjikwa. Saka, hapana chikonzero nenharo. Leviy Matvey chete zvose vavhiringika ndiye akaisa ibwe rokutanga kusikwa yezvechitendero, izvo taiita tiri mubatwa kuti anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore.

Roman Bulgakova chibereko ingano iyo, panzira, nevanyori vazhinji mabasa, vananyanduri, vatsoropodzi, uye vanotaura pamusoro pezvakaita mabhuku zvakasikwa. Kuedza kukanganisika zvakavanzika Bulgakov, isu nokusaziva yafanana erudite akafanana Berlioz, achinyevera nenyanzvi kubva Kushapira simba rondedzero gamba hahuna sezvo Jesu ari misha - ". Zvikuru uyewo mupenyu"

Pane pfungwa muchikoro mabhuku kutsoropodza se "seboka mufananidzo." Naizvozvo, zvakaoma zvichibvira kushomeka uwandu chezvisikwa Bulgakov vake, achidzikisa kuti rimwe chete rine: tenzi - nayo Bulgakov amene, kana ake kufarira Gogol, yechiUkraine munyori uye muzivi Grigoriy Skovoroda kana unovava. Pakati prototypes Margarita Nikolaevna akadana Elena Sergeevna, mudzimai Bulgakov kuti, Maria Feodorovna Andreeva, mutemo mukadzi Gorky. Nomufananidzo dhimoni Woland kutsvaka Lenin kuti unhu, uye pakupindura mibvunzo banal pamusoro zvakafanana, asi otherness, vachiti haaizova zvakafanana Bulgakov ari 1930s mari achibva zvakananga tsamba. Zvakaoma Zvinobvira kuziva negoho kuongorora izvi, izvo kuparadza kuvimbika "vanhuwo" muverengi kuti maonero. Heroes anozviratidza vaverengi dzakasiyana kukura uye kuratidzwa, dzimwe nguva chaizvo rakafanana mumwe. Cow - Bassoon - rima yepepuru knight, Margarita Nikolaevna - ari muroyi - mambokadzi, mudetembi misha - kupenga - purofesa nhoroondo Ponyri. Saka mune imwe nyaya, mufananidzo zvinowanisa rimwe sangano, mune mamwe - ine chinhu zvakasiyana.

zvakavanzika zhinji yokufungidzira havambokwanisi otgadok. Tiri kutsvaka yakadzika pfungwa apo akanga asina kuva mhinduro yakarurama kuti havapo, nokuti pakutanga akagadzira mubvunzo zvakaipa. Saka hazvisi nani kusiya vanhu oga uye ngavagadzire kurarama upenyu hwavo pachavo sezvo vemungano mabhii nokunyora mabhuku, uye kwete zvikuru zvimwe. Asi hapana zvishoma.