Macrolides - mishonga / General unhu uye kushandisa

Macrolides - mishonga, sechivako yakaratidza kuti macrocyclic lactone mhete. Avo zvichienderana neuwandu kabhoni maatomu akaparadzaniswa nevanhu 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), 16-membered (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Izvi zvinhu zvikuru basa kune intracellular tupukanana (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) uye giremu-akanaka cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - mishonga enzvimbo kuvaduku chepfu yeimwe.

Recently kwave kuwedzera microbial kurwisa kuti chiito mukirasi iyi zvinodhaka. Scientific uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mune zvimwe zviitiko 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) vanorichengeta basa pamusoro pyogenic streptococci uye pneumococci, nemishonga 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), uye 15-membered (azithromycin) mishonga yomuchipatara. Macrolides - zvinodhaka kuti kuita pamusoro diphtheria uye pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, Chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvigare kuva mhuri Pseudomonas uye Enterobakteriatsea zvomuzvarirwo kuramba macrolides zvose.

mashandiro chiito

Zvinodhaka muboka iri anotyora biosynthesis kwemapurotini pamusoro ribosomes masero microbial. Macrolides - mishonga, iyo vanoratidza bacteriostatic kushanda. Kana hurukuro kunonyanyisa mishonga kuratidza bactericidal basa pamusoro pneumococcus, diphtheria uye pertussis. zvinodhaka izvi zvinogona kuratidza immunomodulatory uye Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro.

zvinodhaka izvi zviri nyore kunyura ari gastro-intestinal turakiti, kwavo adsorption zvinokonzerwa bioactive fuma wevasungwa munguva rekugadzirira, chipimo chemushonga chimiro, uyewo kuvapo zvokudya uye chayo. Zvokudya yekudyidzana akazoita bioavailability pakati erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin uye medikamitsina, pamwe anenge asina maturo pamusoro bioavailability ari spiramycin, josamycin uye clarithromycin.

Macrolides - mishonga, ane pfungwa iri yeplasma dererei zvikuru zvichienzaniswa micheka. Saka ivo vanonziwo tishu inorwisa mabhakitiriya. chizvarwa chitsva macrolides nyore kusungira kuti mapuroteni eplasma. The soro mwero yeplasma tichisunga kuchengetwa pamwe rodomiksinom (90%), yakadereresa - pamwe spiramycin (asingasviki 20%). zvinodhaka macrolide vari kwazvo richiparadzirwa munyika muviri, ndinosika vaifanira wevasungwa munguva dzakasiyana nhengo uye munyama. Vanogona pinda nyore kuburikidza muchitokisi Kamudzira, kutanga shoma intracellular kuwanda.

metabolic zvigadzirwa yaiwana ainyanya kubva bile weti uye. Pashure kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya anogona kuva divi migumisiro sezvo nemusoro, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, manyoka, mukuru muutera, zvakawanda zvive, neutachiona. Mishonga vakati boka raitongwa pamwe zvirwere vaikudzwa (rikwanise sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) uchingodzikira (atypical nemabayo, chisingaperi bronchitis) yemweya, pertussis, diphtheria, njovhera, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, zvikuru mburwa, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

Hazvina kunaka kuti taurira nemishonga izvi panguva yepamuviri. Nesayenzi nekusimba kunaka mugumisiro clarithromycin pamusoro azvarwa. Josamycin, spiramycin uye erythromycin havana kukuvadza mudumbu, saka vanogona kushandiswa kunyange panguva yepamuviri. Azithromycin panguva rinoshandiswa nyaya yedambudziko. Vazhinji zvinodhaka-macrolide anopinda mukaka waamai. Panguva achiyamwa zvakanakisisa varegedze kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya izvi.