Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: tsananguro uye mapikicha

Muna 1421-1428, kuti Brunelleschi akavaka chapero parutivi kereke San Lorenzo (Medici makamuri) muFlorence. Iye aifanira kuva guva nokuda Medici imba. Anenge makore zana pashure Pope Leo X chinorehwa nemashoko Michelangelo kupedzisa France ayo. Nokuda kwokushayikwa mari basa rikaguma.

Florence Church San Lorenzo

Kereke mukuru mu Florence - itembere San Lorenzo. Mugore 339 iri Church yakanga yakatsaurwa St. Ambrose, Bhishopi Milan. Munguva Romanesque nguva, rakavakwazve uye apiwa vagadzwe 1059. Muna 1418 iri Medici yakasarudza kuvakazve zvachose uye akavapa kuna Filippo Brunelleschi. The mukati temberi akashongedzwa nemabasa Donatello. Machinda Chapel akava nzvimbo yokuviga ose madzishe mhuri Medici of mutsetse wechipiri, kutangira Cosimo I. afuke chakaratidzwa pfuma uye simba Medici. Rakazara zvose nguvo maoko maguta Duchy pakati Tuscany uye Medici maoko maoko pamusoro pasirin'i. Akasvibirira richienda Florentine waMosesi Kwaiitirwa kweanenge mazana maviri nemakore. Basa rinoitwa nokungwarira zvikuru. Panofanira kunge marara matanhatu Nemachinda. Kutaura zvazviri, guru coffins maturo uye kushumira chete sezvo kwevafi sezvivako. Kutaura zvazviri, Medici vakavigwa crypt. Shure ose sarcophagus parusvingo niche. Ravaifanira kugara Nemachinda chivezwa. Zvisinei, pane chete mbiri Monument - chidhori Ferdinand I uye Cosimo II. Dome anodzokorora Brunelleschi dome uye yakashongedzwa mifananidzo kubva muBhaibheri.

The crypt pamwe makuva. Chapel wamachinda

Nzvimbo ndima Chapel of Medici ichaita zvakananga crypt. Kubva pano unogona kuenda chapero amachinda uye New Sacristy. Crypt kwasviba uye kwakakwidibira, izvo zvakasikwa kuguva, apo anenge akaviga vakawanda Medici vomumhuri, kusanganisira vaya vaifanira kuzorora ari chapero wamachinda. The kupenda highborn mudzimai vagere kunokudzwa chair. This Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici, wokupedzisira mugari wenhaka mhuri, uyo akafa muna 1743. Iye akasiya guru zvinoyevedza nhaka yake yaakaberekerwa Florence.

Nokuti vanoda Michelangelo

Muna 1520, zvakatora kuvaka chapero pamwe tombstones nokuda Lorenzo zvikuru uye mukoma wake Giuliano, uyewo mamwe maviri vanakomana mhuri Medici: Giuliano, Duke pamusoro Nemours, naLorenzo, Duke pamusoro Urbino. Uyezve, Cardinal Giulio, hama Pope Leo X, anoda basa rokuvaka raibhurari Michelangelo vake. Ngaasare mumabhuku enzvimbo mhuri yose, uyewo kunobva zvakasiyana courtiers nevamwe vanozivikanwa bibliophiles. Medici Chapel uye New Sacristy mairi, uye raibhurari - zviviri zvinokosha mabasa nokuda tenzi-gore 45 okuberekwa, uyo kokutanga vachafanira kubata mavakirwo.

New Sacristy - mumwe mapurani mabasa, iyo tenzi ruchapera. Haina asingasviki nomwe zvivezwa of Renaissance shasha.

kutanga

Cardinal Giulio de 'Medici of genus yakasarudzwa papa pasi zita Clement VII pamusoro, akadana Michelangelo kuRoma uye akapa chiratidzo chakasimba chokuti Chapel of Medici rinofanira kupedzwa pasina kunonoka. Anoda kuzorumbidzwa emakore asina isingasviki Pope Leo X uye vamutangira, zvakasiya ndangariro pachake vanoitisana pamusoro mapurani, chivezwa uye kupenda. Ko kuchengeta zvifananidzo vaiva dzekare, yakakurumbira Medici, uye vaya makasimba Florence umambo. Vaiva mbiri duku, usingatangi kuzvikudza iye Ishe. New Sacristy mukereke San Lorenzo (Medici makamuri) vanofanira kuva chimwe kunzwisisa tsaru, yakavakwa Brunelleschi. Michelangelo nepamuviri uye akariita zvikuru kunzwisisa varayirwa, cornices, misoro, nemikova, niches uye makuva. Akabuda kubva mitemo akagoverwa netsika. Medici Chapel akumbirwa Pope asisina kubatanidza makuva Lorenzo zvikuru uye mukoma wake Giuliano. A nzvimbo yapamberi vanofanira kumira guva Pope Leo X uye yake. Achida kuti uwane hapana akashandisa unyanzvi pakati Michelangelo, Clement VII akapa murongedzeri kuva mumongi uye kugerwa iri Order of St. Francis. Kana yokudhirowa akaramba, baba vangu akamupa imba. Aimutevera vakamira mumwe chapero of Medici. Mari inopfuura 3 nguva mari wamakakumbira Michelangelo.

Michelangelo muna Florence

Kuti aifanira kuita Michelangelo Buonarroti? Medici makamuri akabvunza zvakawedzerwa chapel. Vanofanira vomutsa remba rakatenderera, kuvaka skylight uye kuita dzakatevedzana haidereri pane basa-ndichibvunza basa. Zvino tinogona kufunga pamusoro chivezwa kuti nomuvezi akaronga munoshongedza makuva Giuliano uye Lorentso Medichi. Izvi zvinoda basa, saka mari kubva Clement VII.

Madzishe mapurani zvivezwa

Chii manzwiro ndichanyengeteresa Medici Chapel? Michelangelo, kwete achizvinyengera, akataura kuti kana zvivezwa wakagadzirira, vachava mwoyo vaya vanoda kuona mufananidzo vaviri zvizvarwa mhuri. Havazonyadziswi akafanana. Aida kusika mutsva vanhu, wakadenha kwete chete nguva yavo asi pachavo matambudziko avo matsva hwokudhirowa. The mifananidzo racho kuti kuparadzirwa kunoisawo zvinorema kuti zvaiita sokuti chando mudenga. Ichava zviviri simba jaya, azere simba nerunyararo.

Medici makamuri: tsananguro

In rinda Medici munhu rikawira yakasiyana zvachose nyika, kwete uya akanga mumugwagwa. Iwe batwa kunzwa kusuwa uye pfungwa kuti muri munharaunda. Around vari ine pamadziro, nekuti rima pilasters, architraves pamahwindo zvisingawanzoitiki, mahwindo pachavo, masvingo chiedza-mavara kupa ichi Ensemble zvinovhiringidza pfungwa Ages migwagwa uye dzinoungana. Zviri nzvimbo iyi kuti rinosanganisira munhu kutsanya-parukova runoyerera nguva, akasikwa Michelangelo. Rinda tenzi - zviri kufunga mwero variability, uye nguva pfupi chokuvapo, akabatwa kwemapazi mapurani uye chivezwa.

madonna

Mukereke San Lorenzo (Medici makamuri) New Sacristy sokunge akasununguka kuutio kuti korona rakatenderera. The mapurani mukavaisa niches pamwe wall-akatasva, kuwedzera kumakuva. Kwavari, akatora sculpted kwokufananidzira upenyu-saizi. Mukupesana, akaisa aritari sculptural boka "Madonna ne Child" vakakomba pamwe mifananidzo St. Cosma E Damiano (Medici vanosimudzira). Pamusoro wake ivhu yokunyora nokudhirowa akaita vadzidzi. Madonna - kiyi yose chapel. Iye wakanaka uye nechomukati chakabatikana. chiso Madonna iri kuda mwana. Izere nokuchema uye kuchema. Madonna ari anyatsofukidzwa yakadzika kufungisisa. Nhindi hembe dzake kuumba kusununguka mutinhimira chiito uye kusonganira nomoyo mapurani chimiro. Mucheche kunosvika kwaari. Iyewo akazara munyika emuchina uye kukakavadzana, izvo inowirirana yose chapel. The Kuronga chapero Madonna ane basa rinokosha. Zviri kwaari chiso chimiro Giuliano uye Lorenzo.

Yakanyungudutswa mu niches

Pasina kuchiratidza mufananidzo wechinhu chiri zvombo vaRoma vekare vagare ndeyokufananidzira nenhamba maviri. Akashinga, aive nesimba Giuliano bareheaded inobva womubati tsvimbo. It chinofananidzira rugare rakauya pashure pehondo. Zviri zvinofananidzira upenyu nyatsoshanda. Kunyange zvazvo hama yake Lorenzo ari gobvu nokufungisisa uye kufungisisa kunoratidza upenyu. musoro wake wakafukidzwa ngowani ekare patambo rwake uye kugokora - pamusoro bhokisi, iro nderokufananidzira bestial tomu. Rinoreva uchenjeri uye mabhizimisi acumen. Nhamba Dzose kuneta uye kuora mwoyo. Niche pamusoro Clenching dzavo kuti vanopa Fafitera kunzwa mwoyo uye kunetseka. Vari achipfuura guva awa hondo uye mhirizhonga uye yeuka kuti Lorenzo ari Zvikuru, kumupi kweItaly, umo makanga norugare.

Figures pamusoro sarcophagus muvharo

Zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope pasi raiiswa lids kumakuva, kwangopera Anoda kwavari, vari sculpted mumadimikira mangwanani uye manheru patsoka Lorenzo uye masikati nousiku - muna Giuliano. Zviratidzo inoyerera nguva excruciatingly dzamira. simba pamwe muviri wakakwana zvikuru avo - reified languor uye kusuwa. "Morning" anopepuka zvishoma nezvishoma uye ndisingadi, "Zuva" akamuka kujeka uye zvinovhiringidza, "Evening", tsepeneya, nehope, "Night" iri achinyatsotaurira rinorema mutizi hope. Imhandoi shiri pamusoro chapero of Medici? "Usiku" rutsoka hunogara pamusoro zizi, izvo, kana pota, chinhu akamumutsa. Stone, izvo iye Muruvoko rwake, anogona kuwira chero nguva, uye kuti kumutsa. Zororo "usiku." Izvi runoratidzwa kwakakwana nhamo chifukidzo muruoko rwake. Mufananidzo "Day" zvakakodzera nokuti inoshamisa kusawirirana sculpting muviri wakanaka uye vakanga vachinetseka kutenderera kurutivi Fafitera musoro. Muviri wakanaka uye yakakweshwa, uye chiso chake chakanga zvishoma hunobuda, mufananidzo nepaburi kwakarongwa. "Zuva" unochengeta Makwara zviridzwa uye hwokudhirowa nedooformlen. Kukwenezverwa mufananidzo "Morning" uye "manheru." Izvi zvinoita kupfuura anotaurisa, wakangwarira uye kutyisidzira. Nomuvezi haana kutya kuenda mberi nguva yake, kumanikidza Fafitera kufunga kuburikidza uye kududzira chivezwa sezvo chinhu. Pano pamberi penyu ndiye munhu "manheru" (Medici makamuri). Photo inosimbisa apa. Figures havadi kurarama kana kunzwa. All pamwechete, nguva zuva Medici asimbise Mashoko "Gara» (Semper), izvo zvinoreva kuramba chokupika basa. Pamwe chete nenhamba vechiduku mumadimikira akanyudzwa mudanga mativi sezvamunoita.

"Kukuvandira Boy"

Medici Chapel uye guva timelessness, inotaura murume wake, aiva mumwe chivezwa riri zvino Hermitage. It Anonziwo "The mukomana akabvisamo banzurwa." Kana iwe mupfungwa kuidzosera mukereke, uchaona kuti nguva zvakabatana rusingaperi chinguva. Izvi chifananidzo duku, riri akasununguka kupinda kuutio. Iye, kufanana "Zuva" haasi chaizvo Zvapera haana kunyorwa kwenyaya nechepasi uye shure haina kukwenenzverwa. Baby zvose hwakakungwa retsoka wakuvara, saka kujairika uye zvisingatarisirwi muna mamiriro ake. Muvezi akatsvaka kubvisa machena chete chaizvo zvakakodzera kuona kana rikawira kure nechigadziko, ipapo hapana angadai akatsemura kure. Mukomana inokosha iri hombe design, nokuti - duku nguva. Kana Madonna - nguva, munhoroondo, muKristu, iyo inobatanidza vanhu panguva iyoyo, mukomana - ake Kupfupika. Iye mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kwekanguva. Figures pasi niches vari chete kutenderera nguva kuti vachinje, panzvimbo pachavo, amire chinhu chinokosha. Zvose chiripo ari shasha muupenyu hwake - Nenguva iyo uye nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

Laurentian raibhurari

Pandaishanda muna New Sacristy raakanga ikava kunokudzwa chapero, Michelangelo akavaka raibhurari. Mushure achipfuura unodziya chivanze, kuburikidza petemberi kuruboshwe, unogona kupinda mariri. Zvinonzi okugadzirisa chokugutsikana chete. Bhuku rine zvekare, mifananidzo Codes, mashoko ari Union, iyo akagumisa panguva Council of Florence muna 1439. Wokutanga akasvika kumusuwo, ipapo nenzvimbo zvinyorwa, apo vanogona kuchengetwa uye kuverenga. Izvi refu sandara pfumbu ibwe chiedza masvingo. The vaenzi zvakakwirira. Uyezve pane iye, vashanyi havabvumirwi. Hapana yakanyungudutswa, asi pane mapatya mbiru kuti recessed pamadziro. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna kujairika machena manera, izvo afanane aibuda dhaka yakanyungudutswa. Iye semicircular pamawere matanho uye vakaderera chaizvo dzoga dzoga. Rinotanga panguva vaenzi pachikumbaridzo uye anowedzera kuumbika zvikamu zvitatu. The tenzi pachake ari muRoma, kwaakandovaka nevhu muenzaniso pezvikwiriso - chikuru kukwezvana yacho vaenzi.

Izvi paanopedzisa tsanangudzo pakusikwa shasha pakati Michelangelo. In basa iri chinzvimbo, akaziva pfungwa dzake itsva. Vanoshamiswawo saka ichiita mabasa akawanda kuti akawana kukosha kuti yose vanhu. Saka Zvinochinjawo Medici Chapel. Medici Florence akagamuchira chiyeuchidzo kuti akava shongwe kuguta.