Meridian Zero: ndizvo. Apo zero Meridian pemipata?

Coordinates uye nzvimbo ipi chinhu panyika anogona tsunga nokuziva parameters kuti rusununguko uye Longitude pfungwa. Ngationei zvinodzidziswa subtleties kukosha neimwe.

Sei kuona Coordinates

Chero ano nenzvimbo mepu runoita kuwana Coordonatele upi guta, gomo kana dziva. Tinofanira kuziva rusununguko uye Longitude nemifananidzo.

With wokutanga zvose zviri pachena: nayo kunotsanangurwa panyaya neequator - yokufungidzira mutsetse unomhanya panzvimbo akabatana paNyika perpendicular kuti ndege intersects pakati redu. Ndiyo kutanga puranga, rudzi "razero" nokuda kuwana rusununguko, yakafanana urongwa. Neequator anomhanya kuburikidza nyika dzinoverengeka - Congo, Kenya, Uganda uye Somalia muAfrica, Indonesia, riri pamusoro Sunda Islands, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia muna South America. Equator inopa pfungwa zvakajeka noupamhi.

Chimwe chinhu - kureba. Kwenguva refu nguva pakanga pasina tabvumirana kuti chii kutora somunhu hwaro panotaurwa pamusoro Coordinates. Longitude - tsanangudzo nechinzvimbo pamusoro pepasi pfungwa hama kusvika razero pfungwa, izvo anoendazve kubva meridians. Uyewo zvekufungidzira mitsetse kuti husava kushanda mepu. The angled pakati nomumwe wavo uye bhuku pfungwa ndiye Longitude. Meridian Zero - hwaro nezvezvinotaurwa Coordinates.

Problem tsananguro Longitude

Kana neequator zvose pachena kuti yakadaro "razero Meridian", haana pakarepo pachena. Kwemakore akawanda munyika dzakasiyana aishandisa dzavo "razero". Chokwadi, ichi akasika kuvhiringidzika.

nyika dzose kuzvipira pamusoro nesayenzi muna XIX remakore, awana chinhu Observatory kuchengeta miviri yokudenga. Yaiva pfungwa bhuku Longitude. MuRussia, kuti US, Britain uye France aiva kutanga munzvimbo dzavo meridians.

Longitude kwakakosha Marine wekushandisa. Uye refu asati paumbwe pachena nesayenzi bhuku mugadziriro, kune dzimwe nzira kuti akabvumira kusabatanidzwa kurasika mugungwa. Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo iri akapa Iogann Verner. The Chaizvoizvo - kwacho of Moon. Imwe nzira ndohwaJehovha shasha Galileo Galilei. Tichibatsirwa ari teresikopu akatarisisa nzvimbo waZeusi aiva kwemwedzi. Zvakaipira nzira iyi - kudiwa zvakaomesa mano.

Nzira iri nyore - tsanangudzo achishandisa kusiyana omunharaunda uye nguva chaiyoiyo bhuku pfungwa - authored Friziusa Gema. Asi nenguva yeko akadaro yakarurama, zvakare, akanga asina zvachose.

Meridian Zero akava mhando Mutsvene Grail - nokuti chaiyo kutsunga Longitude muBritain akatovapa shoma hombe. Zvino dambudziko raiva nokugadzirwa akarurama wachi. Chii ndihwo Meridian, ipapo chete handizivi.

Wachi achiri vakanga tega. Award kwavari akanga Dzhon Garrison. Asi rwendo akaramba kushandisa tsaru nzira. The kuipira nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa redhiyo. Modern vezvikepe vanoshandisa Satellite Data kuzo Longitude.

bhuku pfungwa

Sezvambotaurwa, mumwe nyika, waiva Observatory, rwakatanga kutanga Longitude bhuku. Kuburikidza Paris Observatory anomhanya kuti eponymous Meridian. Rakanga rakakurumbira XIX remakore.

MuRussia, zero Meridian aipfeka zita Pulkovo. The zita yaakawana kubva Observatory, yaiva pedo St. Petersburg. It kushandiswa zvikuru Russia. Izvi "razero" Meridian ichipfuura Mogilev, Kiev nharaunda, Lake Tanganyika muAfrica, ari mapiramidhi yeEgipita. Panguva ino Danho haisi kushandiswa.

Popular ferro Meridian akanga achipfuura Canarian chitsuwa zvakafanana zita. Wakatanga kushandiswa Ptolemy.

Kubvira XIX remakore muEngland ndivo Greenwich Meridian. Iye midzi se "razero" nokuti Longitude panotaurwa munyika yanhasi.

Greenwich razero Meridian - yokufungidzira mutsetse vagura London. Kubva Pulkovo paakapesana rworwendo 30, pamwe Paris - 2.

Meridian musangano

Muna 1884, musi kugarwa ari rinoronga bhuku wemuTesitamende Washington akaunganidza inozvikudza geographers uye enyika. International Meridian musangano vakauya pamwechete vamiririri Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, France, Denmark, Chile, Venezuela, Japan, Switzerland, hweOttoman Empire uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Total vakapinda 41 vamiririri.

Kuwedzera Pakusarudza Longitude, vadzidzi vaifarira kukura nguva-chizvidavirire hurongwa. Chii dambudziko? Uye kuti kusvikira XIX remakore, rimwe chete, kuti dzibatane nguva hariko. All akanakidzwa vemo dzakabatana. Izvi zvakakonzera kuvhiringika. Kushaya zvinodiwa kuvhiringidza kutengeserana pakati munyika dzakasiyana siyana okukura sayenzi uye tsika. Paiva nezvinetso chokufambisa.

Kupi kunofanira kutanga Countdown Longitude

Vose huripo pokutangira pfungwa kusarudza mumwe. Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa ne rakavhurika kuvhota, iyo akapindwa vamiririri vose vaivapo.

Panguva musangano kuti kusarudza chinhu chinofanira kutanga Longitude bhuku. Meridian Zero, maererano mazano enhume, unopfuura napo Paris, kuti Azores uye Canary Islands, Bering Strait, Greenwich. Zvitsuwa pakarepo akarasika manzwi avo - hakuna zvakakodzera azvipire rutsigiro nesayenzi. Paris, zvakare, havana kuwana mavhoti. Ferro, kunyange dzakakurumbira, akanga arambwa. London akahwina mukuru Meridian, vakaramba chete France.

A kadiki nguva

Wokutanga kutaura kudiwa kubatanidza nezvinodiwa nguva, akanga Mr. Sandford Fleming, nyore Canadian injiniya. Kamwe kubva nezvokudya nguva akanga anonoka chitima uye kupinda musangano unokosha. Saka, kubva 1876, Fleming akatsvaka kuchinja.

Nyaya kwakasarudzwa panguva Conference muna Washington. Hurongwa nguva mapazi kwave akaumba, iro rinoshandiswa kusvikira zvino. Zvakagadzirwa vatopiwa, kwete zvose. Somuenzaniso, Russia zvasungwa mureza chete muna 1919. Germany, France uye Austria-Hungary vakabvumirawo gare gare.

The duramazwi nguva ndiyo razero Meridian. Kumakungwa, makungwa, nyika inopfuura zvekufungidzira mutsetse uyu. Miganhu yacho zvikamu zviri 24 meridians. Asi haasi munhu wose kunotevera weboka iri. Zvikonzero ichi - kukura munyika. The nenguva yeko zvakarurama kupfuura munyika vari muna Greenwich. Zviya, GPS hurongwa rinoratidza kwakabva Longitude haisi muna Observatory, uye 100 metres kubva pairi.

Greenwich Observatory

Center nokuti Astronomical Research muUK uye mavambo Longitude - Observatory muna Greenwich. Iyi nzvimbo ine akapfuma kare. Kwakavakirwa ari XVII remakore nokuedza Mambo Charles II. Panguva ivepo, kuti Observatory yakachinja nzvimbo yaro. Pfungwa rakasikwa urongwa hwakadaro hahusi mambo uye yokutungamirira Jonas Moore. Akanyengetedza mambo kusvikira kukosha Observatory, uye mukuru zvomuchadenga Dzhona Flemstida akataura kuita. Nokukurumidza chivako yakagadzirwa uye akavaka, mugove mari shumba yakanga pamapfudzi Moore vake.

Pane makasimbisa imwe wachi uye nguva yakarurama bhuku. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, chobudira kuburikidza Observatory kutanga Longitude bhuku. At yomunharaunda sandara, zvinotaura Greenwich Meridian kushandisa shure muna 1851, uye mvumo panguva akakurumbira musangano muna 1884.

Observatory kamwe vakaedza kuridza kumusoro! Panguva iyoyo, 1894, zvakanga nemamwe, nyaya yokutanga munhoroondo Britain.

Panguva ino Danho Observatory inoramba ichishanda. Pane zviridzwa dzakasiyana yokutsvakurudza nezvenyeredzi. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye munhu miziyamu, iyo dzimba Exhibits zvinokosha zvakawanda. Vanoratidza nhoroondo zvesainzi, kunyanya mumunda nokuyerwa nguva. yokuvakazve rwaiitwa ichangobva akasikwa chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika, namaberere.

mhedziso

Prime Meridian - Longitude bhuku pfungwa uye nguva. Asi shoko rinogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Saka, muna 2006 Russia akava akakurumbira boka "Prime Meridian". "Ko mashoko angu" - yakakurumbira rwiyo yeboka iri.

Countdown Longitude kwemakore akawanda zvakanzi kwaitungamirirwa Greenwich. Vabve razero Meridian mutsetse, iyo inorondedzera Coordonatele mumativi ose enyika. It rinotsemuka yose kumabvazuva uye kumadokero hemisphere. Zero Meridian ichipfuura Algeria, Ghana, Mali, Spain, Great Britain, France. Saka, nyika idzi dziri mu vose hemispheres panguva imwe chete.