Mhuri Legal, pfungwa dzavo uye unhu

Right - ichi chinhu chinokosha hwokuvakira zvose zvenyika masimba. chinyorwa ichi hwakaiswa mberi nevazivi dzazvino yaitonga. Vaidavira kuti hurumende - hazvina enyika, asi zvainoziva nechokwadi mamiriro pamutemo. Saka, zvakanaka zvikoro ndivo regulators munzanga ukama, pasina iro hazvitomboiti kuvaka hurumende mamiriro. Implementation pamusoro nemasangano aya zvinoitwa nokusika munhu chaicho hurumende - kwemitemo, izvo zvinoita kuti kusimbisa kukosha zvinobatanidzwa yunifomu. Similar Mumagazini neimwe nyika ipapo. pakuonekwa kunotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda: nhoroondo muitiro, nzvimbo, nemafungiro vanhu, tsika nemagariro, etc. The .. The dzidziso wehurumende uye mutemo nyanzvi waiitwa systematization tsika uye siyana pfungwa mutemo wose mamiriro munyika. Zvakakonzera kubatanidzwa pamutemo hurongwa zvikuru zvakafanana mumhuri yose.

The pamutemo hurongwa - mhuri pamutemo ndiyo chinokosha

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mutemo mhuri iri inobva voga uye kuenzanisa yokupira mugadziriro akasiyana anoti. In mumwe akadaro ezvinhu, masayendisiti ave dzinounzwa nezvenguva dzakawanda zvakafanana uye zvakasiyana kuti zvakabatsira kuita kunopindirana Kusiyanisa. The pamutemo hurongwa unonzi-chaikosha matatu maumbirwo zvinosanganisira kwegadziriro mutemo, tsika pamutemo uye pravorealizatsii. Uyewo, mumwe nomumwe zvinhu izvi zviri rakamuka-kamuka akawanda zvinoriumba, yakadai se:

1. Kodzero Hurongwa ine maindasitiri Sub-sectors, masangano uye dzemunharaunda.

2. Culture Legal - .. pfungwa Legal, zviito, masangano, etc. chikuru pamutemo pamutemo tsika nguva ndiyo pamutemo kuziva kwevanhu, izvo zvinoratidzwa padanho kuzviisa pasi mutemo uye kuti kugamuchirwa.

3. Implementation kodzero - kushandiswa, abvume, unongotaura.

Pahwaro dzomunyika mamiriro nezvimwewo zvinhu zvinosanganisira masayendisiti akasiyana pamutemo hurongwa mumutemo mhuri. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzidziso dzavo pamutemo akazviratidza muna Renaissance, asi-soro yepamusoro chiitiko kwakatanga XX remakore.

Pfungwa mhuri pamutemo

Mutemo Family - kutaridza pamutemo mugadziriro kunyika dzakasiyana, vari vakabatana tichifunga zvimwe zvinodiwa. Fungidziro yakatanga wakatangwa muna cha1667 maererano musayendisiti wokuGermany Leibniz. Akataura kuti kodzero dzimwe nyika kunoita kuti sangana navo mumapoka akaparadzana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo achapiwa inobva kufanana uye kusiyana kukura kunoita munhu anoti. Pahwaro dzidziso iyi yave akashanda kunze ano yokuti mhuri pamutemo. Pari, chikuru dzekuziva kuti kuparadzana nemhuri vari:

- manyuko mutemo;

- terminological, methodological hwaro pamutemo hurongwa;

- kunyanya pamutemo hurongwa;

- kare cho ehurumende;

- basa dzamavanze;

- kukura uye kwakabva pamutemo hurongwa.

Chokwadi, chero pamutemo hurongwa rakasiyana nemamwe, asi masayendisiti maererano pamusoro nzira zvakadzidza govera zvakafanana zvinhu. Kukura dzidziso mhuri mumatare zvikuru kukanganiswa kukura ruzivo yesayenzi mumunda pakudzidza States. Uyezve, pane mukana chaiye kudzidza mamiriro muukama hwavo mumwe nomumwe.

Kupatsanura mhuri pamutemo

mhuri dzose pamutemo dzisingadi muna XX remakore, asi pane nzira dzakawanda kupatsanura kwavo, chimwe nechimwe hwakaiswa mberi dzimwe dzidziso. "Trailblazer" mu mutemo okufananidza aiva David, uyo akaumba zvinotevera kupatsanura pakati 60s:

1) mhuri Roman-eGermany,-Saxon, uye mugovanisi zvemutemo;

2) dzechitendero, Hindu uye kuFar East.

To musi, kupatsanura ichi zviri yechinyakare. Pashure pezvose, David akatora sezvikonzero chete nhoroondo chinhu. A akasiyana nemaonero pamusoro matambudziko kupatsanura mhuri adzidza kuna Ketts zita. Iye akasarudzwa anotevera mhuri:

1) rudo;

2) reGermany;

3) Air;

4)-Saxon;

5) Kure m. P.

Mukuwedzera, yakasiyana zvachose kupatsanura nominated masayendisiti uye Behrouz Osakwe. Mazuva ano pfungwa wehurumende uye murairo inotevera zvikuru mhuri pamutemo:

1. Romano-weGermany.

2.-Saxon.

3. Religious.

4. Traditional.

5. Far East.

Kuwedzera nhoroondo zvikonzero kupatsanura inobva chaizvo pakati wepamutemo unyanzvi, iro zvikuru chinhu chinokosha munyika yanhasi.

Romano-weGermany mhuri

Yeuka kuti pane nguva dzose pamutemo hwaro mhuri upi mhando, pasinei miganhu kuumbwa. Zvinonzi aumba kubva zvinyorwa kuti kukanganiswa kukura mhuri yepamutemo rose. Civil mutemo hurongwa ndiyo yose kuEurope. Chinenge - negashiro mutemo weRoma private. The normative Chiito ichava huru kunobva pamurayiro rinoti mhuri Romano-weGermany pamutemo. matavi All mutemo vanobatanidzwa mumapoka maviri: paruzhinji uye pasiri mutemo. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvakanyatsorurama uye vachikurumidza chengetedza mumagariro ukama. Ruzhinji rwakapindura kunyika ino vane kunyora bumbiro siyana. Mumhuri pamutemo Romano-weGermany pane vakawanda "mapazi", izvo aumba kufungisisa kusiyana enhoroondo muitiro munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kuEurope. Saka, nyanzvi dzinoti subsystem, rimwe boka mumhuri pamutemo Romano-weGermany.

Subgroups pamusoro Romano-weGermany mhuri

Masayendisiti saka kure akatorazve dzinokwana mikuru subgroups matatu:

1. pamutemo boka Romanesque, izvo zvinosanganisira dzepamutemo mugadziriro zvinotevera nyika: Belgium, France, Spain uye Romania, aimbova nyika French.

2. Under mutemo German kunosanganisira pamutemo mugadziriro Germany, Greece, Monaco, Ukraine, Czech Republic uye Switzerland.

3. boka pamutemo Air chinomiririrwa nyika dzakadai Denmark, Norway, Sweden uye Iceland.

Sezvo tinogona kuona kuti hunhu mhuri pamutemo Romano-weGermany mhando akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nemhaka nzvimbo, zvinhu chenhau netsika kukura, uyewo zvinoita pamutemo hurongwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose Sub-mapoka ndezvaJehovha mhuri weRoma-ekuGermany pamutemo, uye avo kusarudzwa chinokuvadzwa chezita.

Common mutemo - Umambo hweBritain neAmerica mhuri pamutemo

mhuri pamutemo reBritain neAmerica, kana mutemo zvakafanana, ndihwo muUK uye unoriumba misha, United States, Canada, New Zealand uye zvichingodaro. N. An mbuya hurongwa anganzi England, nekuti tsika munyika ino inotongwa English- mhuri American nomutemo. Pakutonga muenzaniso - pamutemo hwaro mhuri reBritain neAmerica mhando. Kusiyana nyika Romanesque nomwe muenzaniso muEngland uye dzimwe nyika dzakafanana gaspodstvuyuschaya akagoverwa basa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muenzaniso kunoonekwa sechinhu tsika kondirakiti. It unoita basa rinokosha mune nedanho kukura uye paumbwe kodzero kunyika reBritain neAmerica mhuri. Saka, matare, chokwadi, akaumba rworudyi. Apo tinoziva, muna Romano-weGermany matare mhuri kukonzera pravorealizatsii. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa murau muUK uye mune dzimwe nyika mumhuri kwakawedzera yekudyidzana mumakore achangopfuura. Mamwe masayendisiti nhasi akamuita ari ndima chete rokutonga muenzaniso, vanoda nyaya iyi ichiripo nharo.

chitendero kodzero

mhuri Religious - dzakaunganidzwa pamutemo hurongwa, apo kwainyanya pamusoro inotungamirwa uye kukura murayiro chitendero muchimiro magwaro matsvene. Zvinoreva kuti pamutemo muchitendero mhando mhuri zvakananga mutoro dzemunharaunda dzechitendero. Family rechitendero kodzero panguva yakatanga muna Islamic uye Jewish inoti, kunyange zvinoitwa yokuziva chitendero uye mutemo mumakore achangodarika iri kuderera. Munyika European, chitendero kodzero haana midzi kunyange kuMiddle Ages, nokuti chechi yakanga simba chete mune zvemweya.

Family chinyakare mutemo

mhuri pamutemo Traditional ndicho kare uye anenge nokutsakatika. Zvichiri kuwanikwa mune dzimwe nyika Central, South Africa, uye Asia uye Oceania. Vamwe madzinza Australian kurarama maererano dzemunharaunda mutemo zvetsika.

Musimboti mhuri pamutemo ichi ndicho chinokosha pachena ukama dzinotungamirirwa netsika, kuumbwa dzokumaruwa munharaunda.
Muchiitiko chino, murau, edzimhosva muenzaniso uye kumwewo mutemo havasi kuita basa rinokosha. Nokuti chinonyanya chikamu chiri kuzviitira kodzero. Sezvambotaurwa, mhuri pamutemo zvetsika ndiyo kare uye akapotsa yakatotsakatika mazuva ano muchimiro murau evanhu maitiro.

mhuri pamutemo Far Eastern

Nhasi, masayendisiti akawanda nharo kuti mhuri dzakadaro havapo, sezvo pamutemo mugadziriro dzakawanda Far Eastern vava vazhinji European masangano. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakawanda zviri pamutemo tsika China, Japan nedzimwe nyika munzvimbo vanomanikidzwa kufunga nokuvapo Far Eastern mhuri pamutemo. Pravovoye National mugadziriro nyika inobva guru basa mhuri yayo musoro, pochetanii tsika, tsika dzemunharaunda , uye zvichingodaro. N. In iyi, chero kusawirirana akatorwa kugadzirisa mumhuri kana munharaunda, uye kubatsira voruzhinji miviri kushandisa zvikuru zvakanyanyisa nyaya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinangwa kukumbira simba ndiwo mutemo unodzivirira wemhuri uye kwete munhu. The kwemitemo munyika idzi kunoonekwa senzira kuitira zvinoenderana ari muvanhu.

mhedziso

Saka, munyaya zvakanzi akapa huru mhuri pamutemo riri voga yokuti mutemo nhasi. Estetsvenno, dzimwe nyanzvi zvinosanganisirawo kuvapo mamwe marudzi, akadai Somuenzaniso, mumagariro mhuri pamutemo pakati mugovanisi negwara. Kunyange zvakadaro, mubvunzo chokuvapo kwavo zvakawanda gakava munharaunda sayenzi.