Mukuru chiyamuro mudziyo. Mano dzaizopiwa inputting ruzivo

Personal makombiyuta vava chaizvo nevakawanda ichangopfuura. Nhasi, ane PC kana tablet anonzwisiswa sezvo zvamazuva ano, uye mwero vazive vanoshandisa pamusoro zvinokosha basa ravo riri kunyora nezvavo.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vakawanda "vanoshandisa" anyadzise nyore mibvunzo nhasi, izvo kamwe haana kukonzera chero kufara. Somuenzaniso, chii nderei chairema mashoko chiyamuro? Izvi izwi anotarira sezvinotyisa, Kududzira vangava zvinopfuura chimwe, uye saka zvinoda uwane kuongorora uye kupindura. Zvisinei, nyaya ino akasikwa.

zvinhu pfungwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti chero kombiyuta processor ine muzvizhinji kuti chiyamuro / goho zvengarava, panopinda "ibwe" anokurukura peripheral namano. Zvisinei, akagadzirisa: vamwe zvengarava chaizvo akagadzirirwa kuti kupanana ruzivo pamwe arikunze, asi vakawanda vari inodiwa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana munyika "chidimbu chesimbi" (vhidhiyo kadhi, RAM, etc ...). Ekupedzisira kutamba zvikuru rinokosha, sezvo pasina navo dzose kushanda muchina hazvibviri. Zvisinei, izvi zvose anoudza chikoro informatics. Chiyamuro mudziyo mashoko uyewo anoshanda kuburikidza zvengarava.

Ndezvipi?

Unofanira kuziva kuti zvengarava vakakamurwa mhando. Vane yakafanana (more soMunyengetero LPT1-LPT4), uye anotevedzana induction (ane zita COM1-COM3). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchikwata rokutanga akatotanga akanyura mugomba yokukanganwa: zvengarava izvi zvave mhanyisa, asi akanga boka yematambudziko pamwe oparesheni. Uyezve, ru siyana chiripo kwete chete muviri (connector), iyo inenge hapana anoshandisa, asi ari muchimiro "rakapotsa" pachiteshi. Kuburikidza navo, zvikurukuru, zvakabatanidzwa USB-modems, vaidhinda nezvimwe peripherals zvakadaro.

Asi chikuru USB chiteshi iri nhasi. Vane zvakasimba chaizvo (kunyanya zvapedzisira Specification), kupa dambudziko isina kusakarongeka pamwe vakawanda namano.

Nei tose izvi kwamuri?

Sezvo vose pamusoro kuchakubatsira kunzwisisa chii Nde chiyamuro mudziyo mashoko? The ndechokuti mune dzimwe fungidzira munzira dzipi ndiyo mudziyo anokurukura pakombiyuta. Zvino, apo vose "chokungoitawo" vari makasimbiswa, inguva mberi kune huru nyaya ino.

Mano kupinda ndedziya zvakagadzirirwa kuti "kutapurirana" mutauro kwevanhu kana nemasaini kupinda muchina bumbiro kuti kombiyuta iri pachena. Saka, mashoko chiyamuro mano ndiwo:

• Keyboard chiyamuro mudziyo uye zvakafanana.
• Kushanda pakuvheneka michina.
• Cameras nemavhidhiyo makamera (digitaalinen Chokwadi).
• Mamaikorofoni.
• Mouse, trackballs.
• Mudziyo nokuti kubata chiyamuro.

Keyboards

Munoziva inokosha chiyamuro mudziyo mashoko? Keyboard - zano kuti chiyamuro rwezuva uye nhamba, izvo maererano kiyi. Uyezve, unogona kushandiswa anunure vamwe coded anonongedzera (hotkeys). Panewo namano kuti vane zvimwe kiyi. Kazhinji, ekupedzisira inoshandiswa rwakati Multimedia features, uye vanogona (kazhinji) kuzvidzora sarudza.

Pasinei nokuedza evatsigiri kubata sefa, ndiye kiibhodhi - inokosha chiyamuro mudziyo. Zviri nyore, zvinoda hapana unyanzvi kudzidza, rinobvumira kombiyuta kukurukura mashoko mutauro kwevanhu kuripo chero. Zvinogoneka kuti pamwe kukura zvigadzirwa zvichabviswa kutanga chinhu yamunenge uye inoshanda, asi zviri kure nayo. Nhasi, zviri madikanwa kiibhodhi chiyamuro mudziyo chero kombiyuta.

Kana iwe kunyora mazano akaipa, asi panguva imwe chete vanokanganwa pamusoro keyboard, vachitadza giredhi zvicharangarirwa.

Manipulators (mbeva, touchpads, trackballs)

mano idzi dzinowanzopiwa kubatana kune Serial chengarava pakombiyuta. Rinoshandiswa kudzora munhu cursor kombiyuta zvinokambaira tarisisa kana kuratidza mudziyo mu synchronism pamwe kufamba kunoita mbeva kana munwe pamusoro touchpad. Anenge zvose zvakadaro namano vane mabhatani kuti anoshandiswa kiya imwe cursor nzvimbo. mano aya vanowira mhando mbiri - hama uye mhedziso.

Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, anenge controllers zvose kuuya pachavo yakatarwa avo vatyairi, asi nhasi, ichi chete zvinoshanda Gaming mbeva kuti vane hombe mari zvokuwedzera makiyi, izvo zvinogona kazhinji kuti "hunonamatira" kuzvidzora zvakanyorwa macro user.

makonzo

Asi zvataurwa (pamwe maererano kune keyboards), vanoshandisa vakawanda vachida kufunga kuti chikuru chiyamuro mudziyo - icho mbeva kuti yekare eSoviet akanzi "balls». Douglas Engelbart tega mudziyo uyu anoshamisa 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, zvokuti "mbeva" mudiki keyboards chete zvishoma.

Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti muna Windows ezvinhu pasina izvozvo iwe havazokwanisi kushanda: inodzidzisa pakarepo chinozadzwa rakabayirwa akawanda mahwindo uye submenus. Sezvo Linux siyanei, nekuti pane zvinhu zvose zvinogona kuitwa kubva kunyaradza, asi pamwe Graphics vapepeti pasina negonzo iwe chinhu musoro kuita. Kwete kare, izvozvo yaitanga kupatsanura, maererano iyo "rodent" rakakamurwa yokutevedzera maviri kana matatu mabhatani. Nhasi, nzira iyi achitaipa pachena yakatopfuura: ari chaiwo-bhatani matatu mbeva zvinowanikwa kunze mumamiziyamu uye masangano dzine chaizvo mari. Game mienzaniso anogona 20 (!) Buttons uye nzvimbo kiyi yechitatu nhasi dzinenge nguva dzose vhiri.

Sezvatakamboreva kare akati, functionality pakati mabhatani zvinogona kuchinjwa. Mukuwedzera, nhasi tinogona kuwana zvakawanda zvokushandisa nyore zvikuru zviito zvakadaro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huru inoratidza unhu negonzo raro chisarudzo, riri akayera kwenhamba Dots por padiki (DPI).

kupatsanura pakati mbeva

• rakagadzirirwa inputting ruzivo Mechanical namano. Nhasi, anenge asina kuitika. The kuzivikanwa mbeva kwakadaro rubberized bead riri pazasi negonzo. Members vakura zvakanaka kurangarira kuti kuipa cursor Positioning kazhinji aifanira kutsakatisa nawo doro. Uyezve, kana imba yaiva katsi kana imbwa, mumwe mashandiro kazhinji wavharwa nezvinhu rawa mvere.
• Optomechanical marudzi. Pfungwa, magadzirirwo ane zvose zvakafanana bhora, asi kufamba kwaro rinamakwapa kushandisa masimba LEDs.
• Optical Mouse. Anozunungusa cursor inotongwa chete Manyiminya sensors uye chiedza emitting diodes. Chiedza ivo emit, anoita mabasa akafanana bhora.
• Wireless mbeva. chiratidzo kombiyuta haina chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza waya, uye inotumirwa michini kana "Blue Tooth".

touchpad

The touchpad rinobva trackball. Okupedzisira aiva "mbeva zvisizvo" kana cursor zvinodzorwa nomumwe bhora chete. The touchpad inovakwa pamusoro siyanei musimboti, kana cursor inodedera vachitevera kufamba nomunwe mhiri kubata pamusoro.

Pano zvakare, tinofanira kuita shure uye zvakare nezvemwoyo trackball: Kusiyana zvemaziso mbeva, mano izvi zvichiri kushandiswa kwemichina kombiyuta imwe mhando, sezvo rinopa Positioning of cursor wakakwana.

Kusiyana, mbeva, touchpads, kakawanda zvikuru chinyakare: vakwanise Zvimwe makiyi (kwete "kodzero" uye "kuruboshwe" bhatani) uye mupumburu nemizariro - chete hana mugadziri wacho. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, touchpad hakusi wo kwazvo vanhu vane basa rine chokuita chine magwaro, uye ichi basa, sezvo nhamba positives venhema (kubva chiedza kubata maoko) akanga prohibitively kumusoro. Current yemashoko kushaikwa ichi anosiyiwa zvinenge chose.

kushanda pakuvheneka midziyo

Scanners vanofanira kushandurirwa kupinda digitaalinen pamanyorerwo zvifananidzo, mapikicha, ndima uye vanodhirowa. Ndivo chinokosha yamabhuku uye mumaraibhurari, izvo kazhinji kutakura guru yakawanda basa chokuita digitization. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mano aya kupinda mashoko kwakajeka.

Kushanda pakuvheneka chidobi iri Chinyorwa (mudziyo ichi chinoratidza zvakasimba Vaverengi scanners mu muzvitoro), mupumburu flatbed. Dzimwe nguva yasvika mhiri fungidziro womuenzaniso. Zvakare, muna pamusoro zvakachengetedzwa zvikoro havasi kudaro kashoma kuona masiraidhi scanners rakagadzirirwa digitizing pamusoro nemasiraidhi. Kufanana negonzo, unyanzvi ichi hunoyerwa nenhamba pixels por padiki, asi muchiitiko chino hunhu DPI zvinokosha: ari scanner kunyange murombo-unhu rugwaro zvachose chena pabepa nyore dzikava unreadable "Porridge".

Digital pikicha nemavhidhiyo Camera

Oddly zvakakwana, asi kune chiyamuro mano zvakare digitaalinen Camera. Zvisinei, hapana kujairika ichi: izvi makamera nemavhidhiyo kamera mufananidzo uye mudzoke vhidhiyo mu "mufananidzo" ndiko saka inotapira kombiyuta processors. Kusiyana kushanda pakuvheneka, nzira iyi inosiya pasina nzvimbo zvikanganiso uye kukanganiswa, vachibvumira pakarepo kutanga kuti ironge yepamusoro mumabhuku kwakajeka vapepeti.

Kazhinji, kubatana pakati kamera kuti PC kunoda mutyairi pasuru, iyo kambani zvokushandisa pamwe chikwata. Zvisinei, matambudziko akadaro zvinokosha kudaro kakawanda Zvaringana kubvisa kuyeuka kadhi uye verenga mashoko kubva mariri zvakananga.

mamaikorofoni

A maikorofoni chiyamuro mudziyo unonzi Audio mashoko, vatendeuki ruzha vibrations kupinda zvemagetsi (kana digitaalinen) pulses izvo kombiyuta kunzwisisa. The kutsanangurwa kushandiswa iri kusimba pakufara; vari kushandiswa kwete chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mabhizimisi uye terevhizheni, asiwo sayenzi. Zvikurukuru nzwisisa mamaikorofoni kunombata kunyange kurira uswa kukura, saka masayendisiti kuashandisa chaizvo.

Sezvatakamboreva, nheyo chiito is acoustic vibrations. Sezvo seizvi anovandira kuti zvakawanda nezvipingamupinyi muchimiro vakawanda Inenge uye mashoko okuti zviri Coding yepamusoro maikorofoni inofanira kusangana zvinoverengeka fanira zvinodiwa:

• Own pamwero zvemagetsi ruzha maikorofoni haafaniri zvakamboda kukanganisa kunyorwa acoustic chiratidzo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kugumbuka yesayenzi yokutevedzera.
• The zvichiguma kupinda anofanira zvine shoma huwandu kusarurama.
• ruzivo All acoustic kuti kuparadzirwa ne dzinenge hapana kusarurama, izvo anenge anobvisa kushandiswa kukurukurirana pasina tambo migero (zvichibvira chipingaidzo) zvikurukuru kunzwisisa zvokushandisa mukirasi iyi.

Kune akasiyana akawanda mamaikorofoni, asi nhasi uchawana kupfuura semiconductor uye electrostatic womuenzaniso. Audio mashoko chiyamuro mudziyo kwakadaro kunoita kuti yakanakisisa inzwi.

Switch mano

Mumakore achangopfuura, ruzivo urwu kwakasimbiswa "zvizere." Smartphones pamwe nekuonana chidhiraivho vane dzinenge dzose mwana wechikoro wechipiri, saka kutsanangura zvakanakira nekuipira unyanzvi ichi hachisi Anonyatsoshanda. Saka isu kutarisa rondedzero namano anoshandiswa nevakawanda nhasi.

digitizer

Saka, kusvikira mashoko chiyamuro mano zvinosanganisira digitizers. mudziyo Izvi aiendeswa mazano mashoko hwakajeka, uye naizvozvo, vakagamuchira yakakosha pakati vagadziri nyanzvi uye vemifananidzo. Kazhinji, mano aya akaurayiwa ari muchimiro chakaita aizivikanwa mapiritsi ose. Ndokusaka kazhinji vanodiwa kwakajeka mahwendefa.

Vari kuramba kushandiswa kombiyuta Graphics, akachangamuka uye kuvandudzwa-dimensional matatu yokutevedzera. Just cherechedza kuti zvakafanana panyaya kuvakwa kunzwisisa geometric mienzaniso digitizer - kwete nzira yakanakisisa. Asi vemifananidzo kazhinji kacho hunokosha. Imhandoi chiyamuro umhare ichi mhando mashoko achiri anogona kuwanikwa nenyanzvi ezvinhu?

Touch sefa

Musabata sefa, sezvo isu kare pamusoro apa, zvakajairika chaizvo nhasi. Pakukora chiratidzwa yakadaro muzvizhinji pakati sensors izvo kuongorora-chaicho nguva nzvimbo nomunwe. The controller kurongedza mashoko vakagamuchira mashoko uye anotumira nayo processor kuti chokupedzisira kugadzira.

Zvakanakira touchscreens

Zviri hunonzi zvinogoneka kuita pasina mbeva uye kiibhodhi. Asi kana pachinhu makonzo zvirokwazvo zvakadaro, kushandiswa kubata Panel-yakareba anokwanisa kuti anzwirwe nyasha chero minwe. Zvikuru kukosha ndechokuti vaya chete ndiro vanhu kunyange vakwegura vajaire pasina matambudziko, nokuti iyo kushandiswa negonzo akanga akafanana inyanzvi yokutarisira kurwadziswa.

Mune dzimwe maindasitiri uye mushonga sefa akadaro ndivo chete chisarudzo chakarurama dzimwe nguva, sezvo vanogona kushanda nechisimba ezvinhu (nyore kudzivirira kubva unyoro uye nezvimwewo, kuisa muhomwe). Uyezve, nhasi akasika chaizvo kunyanya yakasimba akasiyana-siyana (nokuti zviteshi uye ATMs), izvo zvinogona kushanda munzvimbo. Uye zita mazano mudziyo ruzivo, iro rinoshandiswa senzira yakarongwa ine piritsi?

chiedza kunyora

Rumwe rudzi manipulators. Pakutanga zvakanga sokunge zvisingatomboiti penzura kana ballpoint chinyoreso, imwe waya chokuita kombiyuta. Kuchinja pazviruva pamusoro mudanga, pane zvakawanda mabhatani functionality runovabvumira mukana wokushandiswa "kuchinja" huchashandiswa kuti mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. The chinyoreso muromo ane photocell, iyo anoita rakafanana sezvo kuti wake "nevamwe" iri kwakajairika Manyiminya mbeva. Pari, chidobi uyu chete kuwanikwa ive chinhu digitizers. Hatigoni kutaura yainyanya kushandiswa chiedza matanga vakapiwa pakati vemifananidzo nyanzvi uye vagadziri.

mano izvi kuti tikwanise pave simulation anenge yakarurama achishandisa kwakajairika penzura, izvo zvinokosha nenyanzvi dzakawanda.

mhedziso

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chero chiyamuro umhare chinyorwa mashoko, Graphics kana inzwi - irreplaceable kwete chete vabatsiri upi anoishandisa, asiwo nzira anotigonesa kuti kushanda zvine chimuko chete kombiyuta. Kwete muchiva keyboard, iwe kungasanyanya kuita chinhu chinokosha pasina kushandisa buda apo vakawanda manpower.

Parizvino, chaizvo basa riri kuitwa, zvainanga pakusikwa mari itsva kupinda. Vamwe mano vari vakawana inganzi kubudirira, apo vamwe vanotumirwa kumirira ari pamapapiro. Chero zvakanga, ichi haagumiri muitiro, uye naizvozvo zvinobvira kuti vazukuru vedu acharangarira dzimwe midziyo dziri munyaya sezvo inotyisa anachronism.