Galvanic bemhapemha. Electroplating Technology. Electroplating

Galvanic bemhapemha inzira unhani nesimbi mune dzimwe nzira electrolysis. nzira iyi rinoitwa kushandisa kwakajairika kunyudza nzira. Pashure preconditioning ichi mudunhu mapuranga vakaremerwa kupinda yakanamirwa pamifananidzo kugeza, inova capacitance ane insulator iyo izere ive electrolyte uye inopiwa anodes (vangava soluble uye insoluble) uye zano nokuda kwokuramba kutonhora uye afunge mhinduro.

kugadzira mari yechikoro

Kupararira DC kunotungamirira pakuti chokufuka unodzivirira chifukidzo uye kunofambidzana kuti electrode zvikamu bhodhi vari inotaurwa paiva nickel kana goridhe vamwe ukobvu. Positioning zvakakodzera pamusoro anodes zvinoita kuti unhani ukobvu ndiye anenge yunifomu.

Pcb yakanamirwa pamifananidzo goridhe riri raiwanzoitwa uchishandisa maviri danho muitiro. Chokutanga, vanonyudzwa vari kugeza, sezvamakaropafadzwa nickel rinoshandisirwa ne electroplating. Izvi anoshandisa refu arambe achirema kuitika, apo ane acidic mhinduro imwe nickel rukoko iri rakachengetedzwa, mumwe Ukobvu 0.05-0.1 microns. Izvi zvinoita simba adhesion pakati nickel uye mhangura, izvo akazoita porosity pamusoro unhani uyewo kudzivirira kupinda mhangura kupinda goridhe rukoko. After washing, midziyo kazhinji kufamba nemvura gilding apo vachikwanisa chakagadzirwa nendarama rukoko kuti 0.5 M kubva electrolyte.

Electroplating uye kushongedzwa

Kunyange kare maiva kushongedzwa romubati simbi. Modern Kugadzirwa kunoratidza kuti kupa vamwe chaiyo ehupfumi ari simbi pamusoro kurapwa galvanic kushandiswa. Protective coatings yomuchinda nesimbi kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza kunayisa pamusoro simbi kubva brines pasi pokudzora magetsi. With coatings izvi zvinogoneka kwenguva refu kuramba ruvara uye kubwinya zvishongo. Havana chete kudzivisa achiipa chezvinhu, asi vanewo shasha makorari maturo. Somuenzaniso, ra nendarama kana sirivha anobvumira kuti achengetedze ruvara uye kubwinya zvishongo zvachose.

Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana kubva muitiro uyu, mumwe nomumwe kunosanganisira kushandisa resimbi;

- chrome;

- mhangura yakanamirwa pamifananidzo;

- zingi;

- nickel;

- mumwe gaba-bismuth unhani;

- mushonga oxidation;

- mushonga passivation;

- anodizing;

- electropolishing.

chromium-yakanamirwa pamifananidzo

Izvi saturation diffuse chromium simbi pasi kana kuiisa pasi zvikamu zvakaturikidzaniswa mashoko aiva electrolyte pasi zvinoitwa Magetsi. Muchiitiko chino, electroplating rinonyatsotarira ngura kudzivirirwa rinoshandiswa chanaka kana kuti kuwedzera ukuru pamusoro pokuoma. Ra ari bhizimisi uye inogona kushandiswa chanaka. Panyaya iyi, chikuru chinangwa nzira - achivadzidzisa munhu esimbi pamusoro kubwinya wakanaka zvikuru. Detail asati kushandiswa chromium kuti kukwenenzverwa.

bemhapemha ehupfumi

Hard Chrome yakanamirwa pamifananidzo kunoratidzwa Kupisa nemishonga, mukuru vapfeke nemishonga, murombo wettability, pasi kukweshera, uye vakaderera plasticity. Uyezve, pose anogamuchira ehupfumi akadai kugadzikana tichitarisa kukweshera, kugona kutsungirira mutoro kuparadzirwa pasi, uyewo zvazvakaipira chokuita nokuparadzwa nyore pfungwa pasi nehana mitoro. Ra chromium muchimiro mukaka ane vakaderera nokuda kwoukukutu uye vanopfeka nemishonga, vakaderera porosity. The pemvura kunodzivirirwa kubva ngura apo kuramba anokwezva decoration chitarisiko.

Kushandiswa Chrome yakanamirwa pamifananidzo indasitiri

Mukuru chinangwa rinoshandiswa muna indasitiri, ichi kupa mashoko zvivako zvakadai, akadai yakawedzera mukurumari, zvakawedzera kuramba ngura uye kuderedza kukweshera. Kuburikidza iyi, iyo simbi hunosimba, gasi haisi pasi ngura uye haina kuparadzwa muna zvomumvura uye vanhuwo mvura, nitric acid. Galvanic bemhapemha kwakadai kunotungamirira ndechokuti pamusoro kuremara kuva chinokosha chete nokuda chii chinodiwa kuti mimwe kubudiswa, sezvo iri mhosva hapana kunangiswa maturo.

copperplating

Kushandisa coatings akakodzera Muzviitiko mhangura kana kunodiwa kuwedzera magetsi conductivity, uyewo avo kushandiswa sechinhu zvenguva rukoko pamusoro simbi chigadzirwa isati rakachengetedzwa Chrome, nickel kana zvimwe unhani. Saka zvinoita kupa adhesion nani, uye kuwedzera unodzivirira mano. Copper yakanamirwa pamifananidzo kunotaridzwa harishandiswi somunhu kuparadzana kana decoration. Nokuda vanoshingaira simbi anokwanisa kudzivisa nokuumbwa zvemoto, chigadzirwa inogona kushandiswa iri mafuta uye gasi indasitiri.

Kushandiswa yemhangura yakanamirwa pamifananidzo

Izvi rinoshandiswa kuti unhani mhangura pamusoro simbi chigadzirwa kana simbi waya. Kazhinji, izvi mhando unhani rinoshandiswa kudzivirira nzvimbo simbi zvigadzirwa kubva ejecha kupatsanurwa panguva imwecheteyo apindwa idzodzo izvo vanotarisirwa vange kubudiswa zvamakaparadza.

Electroplating simbi bemhapemha mune iyi inowanzoshandiswa mafuta uye gasi indasitiri kudzivirira paumbwe zvemoto, munyika yemagetsi nomunda haizopereri deposition kwezvinhu multilayer coatings akagadzirirwa dziviriro uye kushongedzwa, kubudisa akadhindwa redunhu mapuranga, kuvandudza pokunamatidza, uyewo vamwe vakawanda. Pamusoro anowana ruvara kubva chiedza blue kune rima dzvuku. Vakaparara kazhinji haana kwezvipimo.

galvanizing

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana nzira kuchengetedza simbi zvigadzirwa ari galvanizing. Kazhinji rinoshandiswa kuti pakurapa dzakasiyana-siyana chiwanikwa kana kabhoni simbi mamakisi. Electroplating kwakadai ndiko kudiwa zvakakwanira kudzivirirwa nyaya zvakagadzirwa waya uye fasteners. Kuwana ari munyoro ezvinhu, pose zingi kushanda so anode, saka tava kuderera oxidation maitiro, uye mubereki simbi apo kugamuchira dziviriro kubva kwakaomarara dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.

Electroplating izvi mhando unogona chete kushandiswa mushure simbi chigadzirwa kuti kupatsanurwa munzira chaiyo. Kuti aite kudaro, kubvisa kubva ngura, scale, Hardware kutonhora noukama zvikumbiro. Kana muitiro galvanizing wakakwana, chigadzirwa inofanira pasi kunyatsotsanangura, i.e. zviri chinopinda ane simba mhinduro kubva nitric acid, zvichiteverwa passivation. Saka haana zvinogoneka chete kuwedzera kurwisa kwakaita kwakakurudzira zvigadzirwa kune akaipa zvinhu, asi kuti vave decoration, kureva, kuwedzera chivheneke uye mumwe Hue. Electroplating Technology mune iyi hunosanganisira zingi rukoko Ukobvu 6 microns kuti 1.5 mm.

nickel-yakanamirwa pamifananidzo

Kudzivirirwa simbi zvinogona kuitwa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana ruzivo. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira uye zvakafanana panguva iri nickel. kukurumbira kwakadaro imhaka makemikari ehupfumi kuti nickel. It ane munhu anokudzwa kurwisa kuti ngura nenzira aqueous unosvikirwa, uye nickel oxide kunodzivisa mamwe oxidation yacho simbi. Uyezve, nickel havaratidzi amenable kuti munyu, acids uye alkalis, kunze nitric acid. Somuenzaniso, imwe yakanamirwa pamifananidzo Ukobvu 0,125 mm kunodzivirira zvikuru maindasitiri magasi pamwe zvakawedzera sehasha. Zvakakosha chaizvo uye nguva yakadaro: nickel ra amenable kusvika zvose nesimbi, saka nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa humwe kubudiswa zvigadzirwa.

Kushandiswa nickel yakakodzera zvakawanda mabasa:

- kudzivirira simbi zvigadzirwa;

- shandisa sezvo decoration coatings;

- pre-dzichiumbwa rukoko kuti pasi mberi kugadzira;

- kuzoita zvikamu uye pamagungano.

The bemhapemha kunoratidzwa yakakwirira kusakara nemishonga neukukutu uye pachii migove kuti ushande mumamiriro ezvinhu ose kukweshera, kunyanya pasina chero lubrication, kushandiswa ngura kudzivirirwa, uye anopa unhu yakaderera tembiricha brazing solders, zvose nezvaro ISO. Electroplated coatings Zvisinei kwakawedzera brittleness, hauna akakurudzira kubereka flaring uye vachikotama zvikamu vakapfuura nickel yakanamirwa pamifananidzo pakuvhiya. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kuti slozhnoprofilirovannyh mashoko. Mushure kupisa kurapwa nzira pasi ezvinhu rworwendo 400 Celsius unhani anova kunonyanyisa pokuoma.

Tin-Bismuth

Netini bemhapemha kunoratidzwa kurwisa kuti chiito rwesarufa tubhokisi yeimwe, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nhengo dziri neVadzidzi rabha uye mapurasitiki. Pakati ehupfumi ayo anogona kunzi adhesion kwazvo pamwe nechigadziko simbi, elasticity, kukwanisa vachikotama, kudhirowa, tsika, kugabhuka, chewaini-wakafanira, uyewo chengetedzo zvakanaka panguva wakagadzirwa. Freshly gaba bemhapemha anongokurukurwa zvakanaka pokunamatidza.

zvakawanikwa

Yakanamirwa pamifananidzo anovandudza zvechadenga conductive zvikamu, achivapa mukuru magetsi kuputira ehupfumi, uyewo kudzivirira pamusoro matambudziko akasiyana zvinhu. Uyezve, nzira iyi kunoita kuti vawane pamusoro zvakaisvonaka ane Mirrored maonero, uyewo simulating ari enamel unhani. Zvakaoma angawedzeredza electroplating sei kukosha indasitiri ano sezvo kukura zvigadzirwa akabvumira kuti muitiro pakukura.