Munyori German Richard Strauss: A Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Richard Strauss - munyori, ane operas uye mimhanzi nhetembo vakakunda revelation mupfungwa. Expressionism (okuti) mabasa ake chinhu rikwanise pavakanzwa nzanga nguva.

Richard Strauss. Biography of wenziyo

Richard kumusha hakusisipo. Muna 1864, Munich aiva yakazvimirira Umambo Bavaria guta, uye ipapo vakabatana nyika German. June 11 panguva mhuri mudare muimbi Franz Strauss mwanakomana. Baba vakashumira dhanzi nyanga French (chiridzwa mhepo, vaguely chakatodzana helical mutopota). Aiva mudzidzisi mimhanzi Richard rokutanga. Makirasi zvakakumikidzwa vose mufaro wechokwadi, izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti mukomana kare 6 makore nyanzvi navarongo notation uye chiridzwa. Uyezve, kuzvidzora akanyora dhanzi wokutanga uye akarega kunyora kusvikira parufu rwake.

baba Science vomukomana sezvisingadaviriki kuchinja, akanga achitsvaka zvakasiyana mashoko ari mumimhanzi. Muna 1874, tanga Richard Strauss akasangana mabasa Wagner, ake nokusingaperi tichikunda manyorerwo uye manzwiro pamusoro dhanzi. Asi Baba anotenda zvechokwadi mabasa aya mimhanzi repasi mukirasi uye kunyange unorambidza mwanakomana wake kuvateerera. Chete kusvika vayaruka, Richard anotanga kudzidza mamakisi "Tristan uye Isolde" zvakadzama. Panguva ino, anopinda misangano kudzidzira Court Orchestra uye anogamuchira zvidzidzo orchestration uye dzidziso.

Style munyori

Music Strauss - a kutsvaka yake yakakurumbira manyorerwo kuti akakwereta kuna Richard mashoma makore. Muna 1882 akapinda Institute of Philosophy uye History muMunich, asi mashizha pashure chokurovedza gore. Asi pakanga akasangana Max Schillings. Varume vaduku vaviri vari shamwari dzepedyo zvokuti Strauss nyore kunyengetedza vamwe kuti vaite kufarira basa zvakakomba. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, Germany anopiwa kupenya kondakita uye munyori chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo, uyewo mudzidzisi uye "Mona Lisa" dhanzi posita.

Richard Strauss pachake akatuma Berlin. Pane anopiwa pambiru kondakita uye akaramba kunyora nziyo dziri kuchinja nzira baba vake. Muenzaniso wakanaka ake "Horn Concerto №1». Mushure 1883, wechiduku Strauss akasangana Aleksandrom Ritterom. A hama Wagner kure vanyatsobvuma mukomana mumhanzi vake vechokwadi havagoni kuva Kudzokorora kuti symphonic nhetembo munhu - iyi ndiyo nzira yakarurama yokuti munyori. Kubva panguva iyi iri yechokwadi kuva chiedza uye yakajeka werudzii Strauss.

upenyu Personal

Great simba pamusoro kutapwa uye basa Richard Strauss akanga muchato wake achifara Pauline of Ana Maria. Vakasangana muna 1887 muMunich. Paulina akatanga muimbi wake Solo dhanzi uye akatora zvidzidzo kubva wenziyo. Somunhu protégé vakamutevera kuna neWeimar. Brilliant debut muna 1890, muna 1894 zvange zviri dhanzi mudzidzisi wake "Guntram." Young muchato kwakaitika musi waSeptember 10 mutaundi Marquartstein.

Yokutsauka hunhu mukadzi wechiduku Richter akatsungirira stoically, tuzvikonzero ake matarenda unhu. Maererano nedzimwe mashoko vaburukira mazuva edu, pashure dzinotyisa nevaiita Pauline ari ashanyirwe chinokosha basa neMuse kufuridzirwa. Zvechokwadi, akanga panguva muchato wake Richard Strauss akanyora mabasa ake yakanakisisa. Mudzimai wake akanyora nziyo shoma, pashure izvo kuurayiwa muimbi wacho kukurumbira kwakawedzera.

Happy upenyu rudo peya kwakaguma nokuda musoro chikanganiso. Rimwe zuva mudzimai wangu mumaoko katsamba murume wake, kana iye vakatenderera Germany, neimwe mukadzi USINGAZIKAMWI. Zuva rakatevera, Pauline kudare kuti kurambana. Tichidzokera kumba, Richard akaedza kutsanangura mupfungwa mutambi, kuti haana kuita chinhu, asi iye haana kumuteerera. Kusvikira pakuguma hwake munyori akanga kuda wake aimbova mukadzi, kwete chete kunyora nziyo, uye hapana mumwe haana kusangana.

okugadzira zvinhu Strauss

Munyori Richard Strauss akaedza kwete kukurirwa "madutu enyika" munyika, asi somunhu musiki wechokwadi woga kufara vanhu zvavo. Akararama kwemakore anopfuura 80 uye vakawana utongi nhatu dzakasiyana hurumende. Kusiyana munyori - mune inoshamisa unongotaura. Nyora nziyo, zvaaigona nguva dzose uye kwose kwose, pasina kuva okusika "kurega kunotanga" kana nematambudziko. Ake basa yokutanga, "Guntram", akasikwa 1893 - ari mumhanzi mutambo, classically akavaka wokutanga bvunzo panguva Fafitera.

Uyezve kushanda munyori ane siyana zvakadai Genres rinowanika basa vanyori siyana. "Kubva Italy" (1886, Richard Strauss) - symphonic nhetembo, zvakanyorwa pamusoro nefemero okufamba. At 21, muduku munyori vakashanyira kudanana nyika kwemwedzi uye saka azere zvinofadza kunzwa runodzingira navo mumhanzi papepa. The Fafitera zvakawanda nemafungiro nezvimwe asi munyori kutaura uye kurangarira zita rake.

"Don Juan" (1889)

Mumakore 25 Straus inosvika munhu akura unyanzvi uye vakakunda zvokuridza nyika ino simba, vakagwinya nhetembo. Pakanga kuchinjwa Italian uye zuva, uye pakunyanya kuda mudzidzi wake of Ana. Detembo wakazvitsaurira Ludwig Tuyll, uyo akadzidza muMunich. Kuratidzwa kwakaitika musi 11 November, kwakanga kwakakwana uye akabudirira zvikuru.

"Don Giovanni" - a Musical nyaya kutiza vadiwa. Subject kutsvaira violins, nechido mafaro, asati ari enchanting musumo, kufanana hwemoto. Mabhero uye mbira hurukuro pamusoro mashiripiti rudo kumukadzi. Low manotsi Wharton uye klarinetti kutaura zvinyoronyoro zevezeve ane anokunyengedzera kurira violins. Mabhero pamwe nyere akazadzwa mweya kusingaperi kunakidza. Mugumo mutambo - tremolo violins norudo yakaparadzwa zvakare uye voga.

"Macbeth" (1888-1890 gg.)

Mushure "Don Juan" akanyora Richard Strauss dhanzi "Macbeth". nezvimwe Izvi hazvina akaita furore guru uye anonzi achitsoropodza supersaturated. baba munyori anopa chigadzirwa ichi rakapinza kupima uye zvikumbiro yokugadziridza zvinhu mutsamba dzake. Maererano naye, pfungwa hakuna kuipa, asi zvinokosha kurasa zvose paku eChechi. Rinovatadzisa kuti Fafitera kunzwisisa bust ari munyori unzwe aifanira kutaura.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vakawanda vanoona pedyo chinja pfungwa. Reflection of Shakespeare, nenjodzi uye anodhinda mhosva - tichironga pfungwa zvichaita kusimbisa. Basa iri riri pamusoro careerism uye ruvengo vanhu vasingabvumi kumira pamberi mhosva.

"Rufu Chitarisiko" (1888-1889 gg.)

dhanzi ichi Richard Strauss - kwounyengeri maonero mitemo yenyika uye kukanganisa kwevanhu. Zvakanyorwa pakutanga kwezana yekupindurwa hurumende hurongwa uye zvinoratidza kutya muvanhu vemazuva ano kushandura uye nechokwadi ramangwana. Pfungwa urombo uye rufu detembo kubudikidza Richard chinokushamisa wayo intellectuality.

Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe zvinhu muvambi nezvimwe ichi pakutibatsira simba, yokufananidzira uye kumanikidzwa. Asi sezvo ari oga basa iri inonakidza zvikuru dhanzi. The pfungwa yose kushaya nyaradzo yomudzimu kusingadzivisiki uye pakuguma kwenguva munhu anokoshesa kuvapo kwake.

"Merry pranks" (1895)

"Fun zvakapesana Kusvikira Eulenspiegel" Strauss Rakakwanira shamwari yake Arthur Seidl. Ivo vakadzidza panguva iyoyo yunivhesiti muMunich uye vakabvuma pakusika Wagner Love. Seidl pane imwe nguva kwainzi mazvikokota basa uye Biography ose munyori, uyo upenyu hwake hwose aitevedzera Richard. Zvadaro, Arthur akashanda somunhu mupepeti pepanhau German nechepakati uye C. Klatte akanyora bhuku pamusoro shamwari yake. "The maitiro pepa rehurukuro" ndiwo Biography wokutanga uye Kuongororwa zvenziyo webasa Richard Strauss.

Nhetembo akaita debut yaro muna Cologne, izvozvo vakashumira sydäntä Orchestra, kwaitungamirirwa F. Vyultern. Ya chigadzirwa iri maminitsi 15 chete, asi vatsoropodzi vanoti zviri pamusoro netarenda nemunyori. In ake Kudzokorora M. Kennedy rinoati "That chinosetsa." Mutambo ine 27 Zvikamu, iyo basa iri nyaya adventures ari kunozivikanwa gamba Eulenspiegel kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pakufa.

"Saka Vakanyarara Zarathustra" (1896)

In pakasikwa nhetembo iyi zvakare kupinda dzimwe Vanyori Artur Zaydl. By hunhu mabasa ake, iye achibva 1898 kusvika 1999 rakanga mushandi Nietzsche Archive. Ndiye akapa bhuku Richard "Nokudaro akataura Zarathustra" by yakakurumbira anofunga. Strauss akanyora pasi pfungwa kuverenga kukuru detembo symphonic. 9 zvidimbu vane mazita zvitsauko zvebhuku. Munyori pachake achava kuitisa mabasa wokutanga muFrankfurt.

Vatsoropodzi aifara aine dzezvifananidzo chiGerman Romanticism, kuti "hakunakidzi" imwe mhando kushanda umo ane kupenga despotism. Music rinowanzoshandiswa yazvino nyika uye cinematography. Somuenzaniso, chidzitiro saver chirongwa "Chii? Where? Apo? "Uye firimu" Space Odyssey ". Kutungamirirwa S. Kubrick akatora zvimedu nezvimwe "Saka Vakanyarara Zarathustra" (Strauss) nokuti nokuzvininipisa unearthly zvakasikwa.

"Salome" (1905)

Drama Richard zvakanyorwa pamusoro zvinobikwa Oscar Wilde, iyo munyori akanyora kuti Sary Bernar. Kuratidzwa aizivikanwa nezvechimwe chinyadzo akadaro muBerlin kuti ichi inogona kutorwa sechinhu kumboitika ribudirire kutamba. Erotica uye aikanganiswa, mupfungwa East, unzenza Salome mukusiyana kuchena Mubhabhatidzi - kuti unokurudzira kuenzanisira munyori uyu akafanana Richard Strauss. "Salome" zvakanyorwa uye makore nehafu. In mashandiro, kuti tsamba hunhu protagonist. Pachinzvimbo sandarara uye yakananga romugungwa yakafukidzwa mhuka nechido, izvozvo akazviratidza kusimba musikana uchibatanidza tsaona chido.

The Puritan German dhanzi kwakaita vakavhengana wongororo kubva vatsoropodzi. Kunyange vaimbi akaramba kuita basa iri kutamba, achihudana unzenza. The mutambi wokutanga uyo akapiwa basa Salome, Richard akati nehasha: "Ini ndiri mukadzi vakadzikama!". Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi ndizvo muimbi M. Wittich akatora kusununguka kutaura pakutanga.

"Alpine" (1915)

Last symphonic detembo pamusoro German wenziyo. Kunyange achiri muduku pedyo Richard kutyira pfungwa rakasikwa mimhanzi unorira kukwira gomo. Katatu akatanga basa, asi mumwe nguva zvokuridza machira vakatumwa moto. muna 1914 chete, "Frau ohne Schatten" pashure dhanzi, munyori wakatorwa kamwe zvakare kuti kukura pfungwa iyi.

Kuratidzwa kwakaitika musi February 18 panguva Berlin, inoitiswa munyori. "An Alpine Symphony" - chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira zvinhu nguva yedu. chirongwa ichi mumhanzi, wakaputsika mukati zvinoreva 22 zvidimbu. Wokupedzisira asingakanganwiki konzati Richard ichakurukurwa ndiyo nhetembo iyi Bavarian State Orchestra muna 1941.

munyori rwiyo

Muupenyu hwake hwose ari munyori akanyora nziyo zhinji nokuda soprano, uyo akaimba mukadzi wake kufarira. It akasika "Songs Four Last" muna 1948. In konzati, basa iri rwakaimbwa okuguma. Richard Strauss, vane nziyo vagara kugutiswa nenyota upenyu uye zvakanaka, mune rokupedzisira rondedzero akanyora pamusoro kuneta uye kutarisira rufu. Tichimirira mugumo sezvine nyore, vakachengeteka munhu, akararama kushingaira upenyu.

"Panguva chiedza manheru" - rwiyo yokutanga inotaura norugare rwepfungwa, akanyorwa mundima J. Eichendorff. Next kuuya "Spring" uye "nehope." Final "September" - zvinoshamisa kupinda yechando mwoyo uye chiedza mvura. mabasa aya nhetembo naHermann Washington. All nziyo - rakasiyana mubatanidzwa mumhanzi uye rugwaro. Mhepo uye manyorerwo chakasimba zvokuti kutsoropodzwa, vachiziva nziyo akawanda zvisingachashandi kunyange '48, uye ikozvino kuvaona sezvo yakasimba chisikwa munyori.

Author uye kondakita

Kuwedzera symphonic operas izvi, Richard akanyora "Domestic Symphony" uye "Don Quixote", "Upenyu gamba" uye Suite "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme", uyewo mamwe mabasa akawanda vakabudirira uye kwete-saka. Kuwedzera mabasa Strauss - muitisi mimhanzi yake uye mabasa nevamwe vanyori. repertoire ake - dhanzi ichi uye nezvimwe nevanyori makore 18-20.

Richard Strauss - wokupedzisira uchidanana nguva yake - akaita dzinoratidzwa basa rake nokusetsa uye nyore:

"Pamwe handisi vomuzana kirasi Munyori, asi ini -! Chekutanga kirasi aingogamuchira munyori".