Mutemo Coulomb raMwari

Kana achitumira yemagetsi uncharged electroscope akanaka kana akaipa nokuchengeta, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mashizha electroscope achava diverge pane diki kana hombe angled.

Prikosnomsya kushandisa yakafadza electroscope rinonamira netsvimbo uye nomusoro pakona naro mashizha achaita diverge. Kuti ape kuenderana mashizha electroscope pane chikuru yorusvingo, zvakakodzera ugomurairira kubva yakakura nzvimbo mhosva seinä. Asiwo, mashizha vaungana, panguva kubatwa ane ruoko kuti tsvimbo electroscope.

Saka, tinowana kuti simba yemagetsi vebasa pamusoro pezvitunha zvikuru kana zvishoma. Naizvozvo, munhu anogona kutaura chinhu chakadai kwakakura vebasa uye, saka pamusoro wayo divi.

Izvi zvakaitwa kuti buri pa kuguma XVIII remakore zvinobvira kuvonga. mutemo nekuita dzemagetsi mhosva. mutemo uyu akasvinudza yefizikisi French Coulomb.

mutemo Coulomb kwakaita yakawanikwa empirically: musayendisiti ichiitwa kuedza vane torsion pakati nepakati, makubhiti simba nako yakafadza zvinhu anosangana.

Torsion pachiyero panofanira lightweight, dzisiri conductive, hapana zvemagetsi mhosva rocker yakaturikwa pamusoro matete chaizvo simbi waya regirazi mudziyo cylindrical chimiro. Pane imwe wetsvimbo kunosimbiswa kuifukidza bead pamusoro koko, mumwe kuno rumwe - a counterweight. yokumusoro kuguma yacho waya wanamatira nechepakati musoro inopiwa pamwe Pointer uye muhombe pakafunuka kuva nokupesana, iyo inoshanda kuona kukura rekona pakati monyorora yacho waya ndee.

mugaba butiro aine buri kuburikidza iyo insulator rinoshandiswa mumwe, zvakafanana bhora b, izvo zvakaenzana chakakura girobhu racho. Ukuru chisina kutsetseka daro pakati balls goridhe uye B vari dzaona mumapoka, ari mudziyo cylindrical. Kuti aite izvi, uyewo musoro pachiyero pane imwe yorusvingo, unogona kushandura kure.

Pashure zvose bhora ichaparadzwa mhosva, uye akaisa chero nechokure, pendant aigona kuona simba nako balls pamwe, nokuyera pakona pakati monyorora pemavara.

Kana mudziyo uri pre-calibrate, ipapo kuyera pakona kuti vachishandisa kutenderera musoro, unogona kuona kuti zvakaoma dyidzana yakafadza balls.

Sezvo kure pakati balls pendant akawana kuti panguva dzose mhosva simba ravakanga pamwe, vachava inversely Proportional kaviri kure pakati nzvimbo dzavo.

Vachitaura pamusoro kuyerwa tsika kupomerwa pamusoro marozari akanga sezvinotevera: kana bhora b mutariri uye nokubvisa kubva midziyo, pindai kuonana nomumwe bhora, kuti chaizvo hafu vebasa achapfuura kupinda imwe bhora kubva bhora b. Saka ucharaira hafu. Achiisa bhora b kunyika mudziyo, pendant akawana kuti panguva vakaenzana madaro pakati balls vavo kudyidzana simba kunodzikira kaviri - zvakananga Proportional rutapudzo aitarisira mari.

Saizvozvowo, unomutsa bhora aitarisira dzinoshandurwa a.

Nemhaka zvakaitika izvi akazarura mutemo, vakazochinja pakuzivikanwa se mutemo Coulomb waMwari, tsanangudzo payo sezvinotevera: simba nekuita vaviri pfungwa mhosva kuri Proportional zvakananga kukura kwavo, inversely Proportional kuti mativi ose daro pakati kupomerwa uye rinotungamirirwa achitevedza mutsetse unobatanidza kupomerwa idzi.

mutemo Coulomb zvaJehovha Amonton yakaratidzwa fomura:

F = K (q1q2 / r²),

apo q1 uye q2 - kukosha nguva kupomera kuti anosangana, R - kure pakati mhosva, uye K chinhu proportionality chinhu zvinoenderana chii zvakawanda chikwata vachapinda fomura.

Panguva ino nguva runhare kupomera kwakadaro zviri pamusoro pezvitunha hukuru zvose uye zvitarisiko zviri zvakakwana diki zvichienzaniswa madaro panguva iyo inoongorora kudyidzana kwavo.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kwakakura simba F zvinokonzerwa zvakatipoteredza, uye nzira rwunoratidza mutemo Coulomb rinoshanda chete panyaya apo nesungano pakati mhosva miviri vari Vacuum.

Nokuda Coulomb mutemo wakaiswa chairema yemagetsi buditsa. Saka, pasi payo chinorehwa mhosva kuita vacuüm it pa dzakafanana vebasa iri kure nomumwe sendimita, aine simba rimwe dyne. Ndiyo Mhedziso electrostatic chairema muripo.