Nyaya kunyika vaJudha vaigara

Nhoroondo vechiJudha vanhu rakabva marudzi anongofamba oukuru kuti vaigara munyika Mesopotamia yekare, yemazuva ano Iraq. Uye ndinofanira kutaura kuti anongofamba mweya haazomusiyi kumarudzi zvemakore zvenhoroondo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kufamba achava yokuzvidira, uye dzimwe nguva ndiye kudzingwa kana kutambudzwa, asi nguva dzose nechiremera uye nevaitonga vanhu ava vachava yakarova mugwagwa. In ose nyika apo vaJudha, havana kunzwa yakachengeteka mupenyu.

Kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro. A refu nzira emakore nomwe

Mutorwa yokutanga munhoroondo vechiJudha vanhu vakava Abraham. Tateguru huru mubhaibheri akaberekwa ari kumaodzanyemba Mesopotamia, guta rekare reUri, asi zvakanaka nokukurumidza nguva apo mhuri yake yakanga isina njodzi kuti munyika ino. nyaya iyi inosuruvarisa hakuna akadzokorora zvakare - munyika umo vaJudha, havangavi kuchengetedzwa kubva kutambudzwa akararama.

Panguva iyi, baba vaAbrahamu anosarudza kuenda kuKenani, asi ave ikoko uye asingauyi kuwana kugara muguta reHarani, kumaodzanyemba yemazuva ano Turkey. Maguta maviri kugoverana anopfuura chiuru makiromita, uye kunyange nhasi, kure ichi hakusi nyore kukunda nokuda kusagadzikana mamiriro yokuIraq uye Siria. Munguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, zvakafanana munyika umo vaJudha vaishandisa kurarama, zvinhu zvakanga zvisina shoma ngozi: makororo uye mbavha, namadzimambo makaro uye mutungamiriri wehondo vaityisidzira ose mufambi.

Zvisinei, mhuri yaAbrahamu yakasvika nechokuchamhembe Mesopotamia, ndokugarapo kwenguva refu, Tingawaneiko fuma nokukudzwa, asi Abrahamu haana akagadzirisa Ishe akadana zvakare kwaari nenzira. Pashure vachiviga baba vake, Abrahamu, akaenda kumaodzanyemba, iri ngozi uye dzamira pasi.

nyika dzakasiyana kwakadaro apo vaJudha kurarama

Tichingoda mweni Jewish vanotaurwa muBhaibheri 82 nguva, achava Jakobho, uyo, kutiza ngozi paHebhuroni, vachadzokera kuchamhembe, guta paHarani, apo uchawana mhuri upfumi, uye madzimai maviri.

Zvisinei, pane baba vaJudha havana kugara refu, iye nokukurumidza akadzokera kuna baba vake, kuti vakwanise naye, uye agamuchira chikomborero, akamuchema nokumuviga.

Pakafa baba vake, Jakobho akaenda kuIjipiti, uko mwanakomana wake Josefa yakawana kuremekedza muruvazhe paFarao. Saka, zvinoita anozivikanwa pamusoro imwe nyika, apo vaJudha, vasati dzakavamba ravo nehurumende mupenyu.

The Jewish wehurumende wekutanga

Kuuya muIjipiti tichibatsirwa Mosesi, zvebhaibheri rudzi anongovangira yeKenani, iyo zvino yava nzvimbo apo vaJudha vararame. Nyika inonzi Israeri kubvira ipapo. mamiriro ichi richava refu uye akapfuma nhoroondo yakazara nehondo, wezvakashata, uye achiri haupedzi chakavanzika. Zvisinei, nyika ichasvika kumagumo vaBhabhironi pavakakunda Jerusarema, kuparadza Jewish Temple, uye vagari vose kuchaita kuti uranda kana kumanikidzwa kutamira kukodzera kuti nyika ino. Zvose zvichaitika kubva ikozvino uye kusvikira kudzoka kwevaJudha kunyika yavo, historiography achanzi "nhapwa muBhabhironi".

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, havana dzose apo vaJudha vaiva noushamwari vadzo akararama Zvisinei, uye munyika yekwake, havangavi kuchengetedzwa kana vanosvika vakundi.

Roman basa uye unopfuta Jerusarema

Chokwadi chokuti usingagoni kuguta hweRoma tichikufunga zvikanzwika Fertile Crescent, aiziva zvose vatongi kumabvazuva kweMediterranean. Vatengesi vechiJudha vaiva bhizimisi umambo, Chokwadi, aiziva zvaiitika kuMadokero, uye mukati vanhu vaJudha vagadzirira kukunda, kureva. E. In mberi vayananiswe naye, uye akatora mutongi mutsva, izvo kubva iyoyo vauya nehanya mambo.

Saka, anotonga yevaJudha yava imwe enyika dzakawanda yeRoma, aizivikanwa kuJudhiya. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi kuchengeta rugare dzatorwa uye vanhu vakapandukira nokukurumidza, asi kupandukira woutsinye, temberi yeJerusarema uye yacho Yakatsva guta, uye vagari richangobva rakazogarwazve.

Kupararira kukuru kwevaJudha

Anotiza chirango vatongi veRoma, vaJudha vakatanga kupararira kune dzakasiyana-siyana hwacho uye anowana rokupotera uye musha mutsva. Asi nokukurumidza umambo Zvaparara, uye pamusoro matongo aro umambo vechiKristu uye fuza dzakawanda itsva.

Saka, pakati munyika vaJudha vakamborarama ipapo Spain uye Western hweRoma, izvo vachauya yokutsiva Visigoth umambo uye yemisangano States.

Uye, chokwadi, kana iyo oga anogona kuva mubvunzo, vaJudha zvakare achinetswa vatongi yechiKristu, uye mazana emakore gare gare, kare akadzingwa Spain uye kubva kuItaly.

Pari, vaJudha vanoonekwa kuti mumwe maviri avanhu, kunyange vane yavo rudzi-mamiriro, asi Diaspora kudarika vagari vemo. Chimwe vanhu vakadaro vakanga vokuArmenia, zvakare, kunge inini yakawanda kutambudzwa nehurumende yakasiyana.

Ndiyo yaiva nevaJudha muUnited States, iyo yakava nzvimbo yokupotera kubva pogroms muna Russian Empire uye gare gare kuti risaparadzwe muNazi Germany. The US vakasiya vaJudha kubva Soviet Union, apo Anti-Semitism akanga kwakapararira panguva pehurumende uye panguva mhuri pamwero. The Soviet Union aivawo mamiriro apo vaJudha vararame. Saka nyika iri kuonekwa vaJudha noutsinye, uye vazhinji naye akakwanisa kwenyika kuna Israeri kana United States muna kota dzinonzi vechiJudha.