Mutsva (apuro muti): tsanangudzo uye kuongororwa

Zvichida zvakaoma kuwana munhu asingadi maapuro. Zvibereko zvinotapira zvinotapira zvinogona kuva nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana: zvakapfuma zvakasviba, muto, tart. Izvo zvakanaka mufomu yakachena, uye kubika jams, jams, jellies nemajisi zvakakwana zvinowedzera kudya kwedu munguva yechando.

Iye zvino mazana emarudzi ezvibereko izvi zvinoshamisa anozivikanwa, uye pasinei neizvi, vanokanganisa vari kuramba vachikudziridza mitsva, mhando dzakapfuura, dzakagadzirwa nezvibereko zvakakosha, kugadzirwa kwepakutanga, kusana kwechando, nezvimwewo. Muchikamu chino, hatingakuudze nezvechiitiko chekusarudza. I heroine yayo ichava Apple Freshness. Tsanangudzo, tsanangudzo dzevarimi vekuziva vanoziva zvichakubatsira kuti uongorore mararamiro ezvakasiyana-siyana, dzidza zvayo.

Zvitsva zvakatangwa muna 1976 muInited of Fruit Crop Selection. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaonekwa semugumisiro wekufambisa kwakanyanya kwakanyanya kweAntonovka-red-bellies yakakurumbira ne hybrid Welsey x F2 M. Floribunda. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine hutachiona hwekuzvidzivirira, sezvo huine gene Vf. Iko kare muna 1985, miti yekutanga ine ruzivo yakabereka michero, uye muna 1994 zvakasiyana-siyana zvakange zvisinganzwisisiki muvanhu vakuru. Vanyori vebasa iri vaiva ZM Serova, VV Zhdanov, EN Sedov.

Kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana

Muna 1995, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaedzwa munzvimbo dzeCentral neCentral Black Earth, uye makore matanhatu gare gare zvakakonzerwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyi apuro miti yakamiririrwa mumapurogiramu akakurumbira pamusoro pekurima. Tsvina yakasiyana-siyana (kugadziriswa kusimbisa izvi) yakakodzera kudyara muminda yakaoma. Ndeupi rudzi rwetsika iyi?

Mutsva ndiwo muti wemapuro, iyo yakanyatsokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze akadzikama. Pamwe chete neizvi, ine nzvimbo yakanyanya kukwirira yechando. Nokufamba kwenguva, muapuro muti Wutsva wave wapararira. Tsanangudzo yezvakasiyana-siyana, yakataurwa nevanyori, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuigadzirisa munzvimbo dzakaoma, pasi pemamiriro ekudiridza akawanda. Kana zvisina kudaro, muti wacho uchapera. Izvi ndezvokuti miti yemapuro inogamuchira michina yakakosha mufomu yakasvibiswa kuburikidza nemudziyo wevhu. Nokudaro, mumamiriro okunze anopisa zvinogona kubatsira kugadzirisa huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutu.

Mutsva ndiwo muti weapuro unogona kukura mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora. Kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana hapana chidimbu chezviyero zvakakosha, sezvo inenge yakasviba nechisimba. Chinhu chimwe chete chinoda kuitwa kuti chibatsire muti kuti ubve mukunetseka nekukurumidza zvakakwanisika ndekukudyisa nehuwandu hwemumanyorera.

Mutsva (aporo muti): tsanangudzo

Muti weizvi zvakasiyana-siyana ndewemasikirwo akaenzana uye unozivikanwa nekukura nokukurumidza. Iine korona yakapoteredza, yakasvibiswa. Mamwe matavi makuru ndiwo akabatanidzwa, zvishoma akavezwa. Iko rinoputika pamatavi makuru uye tsvina yakavaravara uye ine tsvina. Mafuro e-sham-akaumbwa, akaenzana, muchikamu-chakakomberedza, muchikamu chepamusoro pubescent, chine ruvara rwemavara, mashizha-katikati lenticles, anoitika kakawanda. Itsvo dzakamanikidzwa, dzakasvibiswa, uye dzine maitiro akafanana.

Mashizha acho akafara, ovoid muchimiro, chikuru, ruvara ruchena muvara. Mahwendefa acho anenge ari mashoma, ane zvidzitiro zviduku uye zvishoma zvakanyengedzana. Nzvimbo ine ruvara rwemagetsi nemhepo yakadzika. Petioles yeusvikiro uhu, hurefu, hwakasiyana nehuvhudzi husina simba.

Maruva

Inflorescences yomuti wakaoma, corymbose type. Inogona kusanganisira kubva pamaruva mana kusvika matanhatu. Mabheji akaiswa muchero munyoro-mutsvuku. Maruva ane mapurogiramu akaenzana, uye ane mapuranga akapoteredza, asina kufanirwa. Stigmas inopindirana neine anthers, uye dzimwe nguva zvishoma.

Zvibereko

Mutsva ndiwo muti wemapuro (mufananidzo unogona kuona munyaya yacho), iyo inopa michero yepakati uye yakakura kukura: imwe apuro inorema kubva zana nemakumi matatu kusvika zana nemakumi mana magiramu. Iko kunewo mazamu makuru, asi haapfuuri mazana maviri magiramu.

Chimiro chechibereko chikafu-chakaumbwa (zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapeteredzwa pamativi), nemakwenzi makuru. Ganda rinoratidzirwa nepamusoro-soro rinosvibiswa uye rinopenya. Ratidza mavara munguva yekubviswa kunobviswa kwemavara-green-yellow, yakataura pamusoro pemapuroke eaple uye maronda ezvitsvuku. Pedicels of medium medium and thickness, inclined, straight straight. Makamuri embeu ezvinyorwa zvakavharwa. Mbeu dzakakura, dzisina ruvara muvara. Chimiro chavo chinongonzwisisika, chakadzikiswa. Nyama ine chinyoro chinotapira, chimiro chakanaka uye chakaoma. Inoputika nyore nyore kana ichirova.

Muchero wacho unotonhora zvikuru, une futi isina kunaka. Itavira maapuro akanaka uye akaoma. Maererano nehutano hukuru hwekunakidza, nyanzvi dzinoongorora maitiro avo ekunze ne 4.3 pfungwa, inonaka maitiro - 4.2 pfungwa. Kana kuenzaniswa neanonyanya antonovka, ipapo kukwidza kwacho kwakarongerwa pa 4.1 points, uye maitiro anonaka akafanirwa 4.0 points.

Zvinhu zvinobatsira

Zvibereko zvine mavitamini uye michina yakawanda. Iwo ane:

• 0.77% ye acid titrated;
• 9.2% zvemashuga;
• 12.4 mg / 100 g ye ascorbic acid;
• 436 mg / 100 g yeP-yakasimba zvinhu;
• 17.8% pectin zvinhu.

Zvibereko zvakakodzera kugadzirwa (jam, jisi, jams, nezvimwewo) uye kuchengetedza. Nguva yekubviswa inobviswa inouya kumagumo aSeptember. Maapuro anochengetwa, pasina kurasikirwa nevira yavo, kusvikira pakuguma kwaMay. Mutsva ndiwo muti wemapuro, uyo, paavhareji, unobereka 187 c / ha.

Kudyara uye kutarisira

Iwe unogona kudyara miti yemapuro mukutenga uye mutsime. Varimi vemirimi vanokurudzira kutenga mbesa vasati vadyara, uye zvakanakisisa kana midzi yakazaruka - iwe unobva waona mamiriro ezvinhu emidzi panguva ino. Mbeu inotengwa inofanira kunge yakagadzirirwa kudyara: kubvisa chirwere kana kuputsika midzi, kucheka matiki kana maronda nemarara anopwanyika, kuparadzira midzi zvakanaka. Mazai emichero haafaniri kutumbuka.

Ndekupi kwaungadyara apuro muti?

Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana hazviremekedzi mukutarisira, asi zvakakosha kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekudyara mubindu. Apple Tree Freshness ichakura nokukurumidza uye inobudirira zvakanaka munzvimbo yakanaka, pedyo nemuti wemarudzi akasiyana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuyambuka-kunyorera.

Ground

Gomba rekumhanya harifaniri kuve rakakura zvikuru: hapana kupfuura mita imwe muhupamhi uye makumi matanhatu masentimita pakadzika. Iyo ivhu iri mairi inofanira kunge yakasunungurwa zvakanaka uye inogadzirwa. Inofanira kutarirwa mupfungwa kuti kana ivhu rinodyara richizadza, kuibva (apuloti) nokukurumidza kunowedzera kukura, asi panguva imwechete inobudirira. Kudyara mbeu, teererai kuti mudzidzi wemukati unowanikwa sei. Nzvimbo yayo yakarurama iri pamwero nevhu.

Kuchengetedza mbeu

Mushure mokudyara, mbeu inofanira kunwa mvura yakawanda. Kuchengetwa kwakakodzera kwemuapuroti ishongwe yezviyero zvinosanganisira kuita mabasa akaoma:

• Nguva yekuongorora uye yenguva dzose yemiti;
• Kuporeswa kwevanga panzvimbo uye kukuvadzwa;
• Kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakakanganiswa kana zvakaoma; Kusunungura ivhu rakakomberedza muti;
• Simba dema (mumwaka);
• Kurapa kunobva kuzvipembenene.

Kugadzirira kwechando

Mukati yekuvhuvhuta, muti muduku wacho wakakandwa kusvika pakakwirira kusvika masendimita makumi maviri, sunga mutsara we-pedus ne-humus, kompositi kana peat, uye trunk yakacheneswa nechoko chinogadziriswa. Kana munharaunda yako majeredzi ari kupisa muchando, avo havasi kupesana kudya gorosi reapuro, kusungira matanda emiti nemashira kana lapnik. Mugore rokutanga rehupenyu-aple-muti haadi chirongwa chekugadzira-inenge yakakwana yehupenyu, iri mu mulch.

Zvibereko zvekuchengetedza

Kana uchida kuchengeta maapuro matsva, unofanira kushandisa zvidhori zvehuni. Mabhokisi ane michero akaiswa muimba yekunakidza (cellar, cellar).

Zvirwere nezvirwere

Mutsva ndiwo muti wemapuro, unorwara chaizvo. Pamusana pekuvapo kweVf gene, hazvirevi zvirwere zvinokonzera fungal, kuwedzera, nhamba yaro yekudzivirira ganda yakareba zvakakwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, miti iyi inogona kuiswa kune zvirwere zvakadai sokushandiswa kwebhakitiriya, kenza yemazuva. Zvaungaita sei nazvo? Ngatitarisei pane izvi zvakadzama.

Bhakitiriya rinopisa

Inogona kusimuka nekuda kwekutarisirwa kwakashata. Nzira huru yekurwisana nayo isingawaniki uye kuparadzwa kwehupi hwehutachiona.

Black Cancer

Sezvo mutemo, unowedzera pamuti muduku. Zvakakosha kuti usabvumira chirwere ichi kusvika panzvimbo. Kudzivirira kwakanaka kwechirwere ndiko kuiswa kwe potassium fertilizer.

Chimwe chiratidzo chisingaiti chinonyangadza chimiro chezvipembenene pamapuroti.

1. Kana iyo simiti yakarova neavidi yakasvibirira , zvakakosha kuporesa muti wacho ne dandelion infusion.
2. Apo iyo apule inowanikwa, shandisa sarudzo ye chlorophos - iyi ndiyo mishonga chete inokwanisa kuparadza ichi chinyangadza pamapuroti.
3. Kubva pane mashizha, iwe unogona kubvisa chirongwa cheNitrofen.

Kubatsira kwezvakasiyana-siyana

Maererano nevarimi uye varimi vanoziva, maitiro asingakanganwiki emiti yemapuro Tsvina inopesana nemarudzi mashanu emakwenzi emashizha nemichero. Mukuwedzera, iyo pluses inofanira kusanganisira kukurumidza kukurumidza, kukohwa kwakanyanya, mukana wekugara kwenguva yakareba michero (kusvika pakupera kwegore) uye pamusoro pezvinhu zvinowanikwa.

Apple muti Mutsva: kuongorora

Pasinei nekukurumidza kwekuwanda kwemarudzi matsva nemhando dzakasvibirira, varimi vanoziva vanofara kuti varambe vachikura miti iyi yakaongororwa nenguva. Vanotsanangura kusarudzwa kwavo kuburikidza nekushanda kwekuchengetwa kwemiti, zvibereko zvakakura. Zvibereko zvine tambo inonakidza, yakawanda chaizvo uye inonhuhwirira. Mukuwedzera, vanoita zvinoshamisa zvinokonzera jams uye jams. Iro chete mazano kuvarimi vekutanga kubva kune vashandi: simiti Mutsva pedyo nemaapuro emamwe marudzi kuti uwedzere kupora.